Post on 18-Dec-2015
Development and Field Testing of aDynamically Spiked Controlled
Condensation TrainPresented at SSSAAP
Stationary Source Sampling and Analysis for Air Pollutants ConferencePanama City, FLMarch 11th, 2010 Presented by
Daniel RoeslerPrincipal Investigator and Project Engineer
Clean Air Engineering, Inc.
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Why Spike?
• SO3/H2SO4 difficult to measure
• SO3/H2SO4 validation sources don’t exist
• Measurement Techniques– Based on theory– Have not been validated– May contain biases for
common situations
SO3H2SO4 (vapor) H2SO4 (mist)
Dale A. Lundgren, Paul Urone and Thomas Gundersn, "A Stack Gas Sulfate Aerosol Measurement Problem", In Workshop Proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emissions from Combustion Sources, Volume 1, EPA-600/9-78-02tia, (August 1978), pp. 161-178
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Measurement Techniques
Manual Methods, Including Controlled Condensation
(Method 8 and Various CCMs)
Continuous Methods, Still Under Development
(QCL/TDL, FTIR, etc.)
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Dynamic Spiking Concept
• Dual controlled condensation sampling trains:– One Spiked– One Unspiked
• Generate SO3 on demand using platinum catalyst
• Inject a known amount of SO3 into spiked train probe tip
• Compare spiked train recovery to unspiked train recovery• Determine method bias based on spike recovery
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Dynamic Spiking Run
000,000,1.24
TR
tQPCxMWm spikespikespikeconvSOspike
• Constant rate of spike (20% of sample rate)• Batch collection of spike in condenser• Spike measured in mg sulfate
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
SO3 Generation
• SO3 generation via platinum catalyst• Catalyst contained inside probe• SO3 generated just prior to injection
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
SO3 Generation Testing
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
SO3 Generation Conditions
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Spiking Probe
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Catalyst Tube
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Picture – Spiking Probe (new)
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Picture – Spiking Probe (used)
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Spiking System Setup
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Picture – Location Setup
PMPMOvenOven
Dual SODual SO33
CondenserCondenserBreakthroughBreakthrough
FiltersFilters
Probe inProbe inDuctDuct
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Picture – Inside OvenSOSO22
PreheaterPreheater
ParticulateParticulateFiltersFilters
Probe HeaterProbe HeaterPower CordsPower Cords
Spiked SideSpiked SideSheathSheathUnspiked SideUnspiked Side
SheathSheath
SOSO22 Feed Feed
to Catalystto Catalyst
VariousVariousProbeProbe
Thermo-Thermo-couplescouples
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Conversion Efficiency Check
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
1st Prototype Results
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
SO3 Ramping
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
SO3 Ramping (Continued)
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Pre-Ramping SO3 Generation
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Spike Recovery
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
FTIR Detection of SO3
• SO3/H2SO4 reacted with FTIR windows, creating buildup of interference that overshadowed SO2 and SO3 peaks
• Only relative accuracy and stability measurements
• Lacked reference spectra for low concentrations of SO3
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Alternative Catalyst
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Conclusion
Yes!We can reliably generate a known amount
of SO3 spike within a ±20% range.
Yes!We can capture that SO3 spike using
controlled condensation in a field setting.
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
What’s Next
• Make dynamic spiking available for SO3/H2SO4 testing (patent pending)
• Further develop alternative catalyst– Shrink the ±20% recovery range to ±5%– Remove the need for seasoning and pre-ramping
• Create low level SO3 reference spectra for FTIR
• Validate other SO3/H2SO4 measurement techniques using SO3 generation and spiking system, such as new ASTM SO3/H2SO4 method
Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train
Copyright 2010 Clean Air Engineering, Inc. SSSAAP 2010
Questions?Special Thanks
This presentation will be available online athttp://www.cleanair.com/SO3