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Design Studio: Air

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Contents

Introduction

01 Architecture as a Discourse

02 Computational Architecture

03 Parametric Modelling

Conclusion

EOI

Bibliography

5

6-11

12-17

18-28

28-20

30

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Geometry such as ruled surfaces, paraboloids, minimal surfaces, geodesics, relaxation and general form finding and booleans provide a very interesting and valid starting point for parametric exploration. Exploration of geometry demonstrated with techniques such as geodesics and minimal surfaces provides an opportunity to optimise and realise extreme efficiency combined with maximum aesthetic qualities. Optimising efficiency is an extremely relevant and important element of current architectural discourse as social values favour ‘environmentally friendly’ or ‘green’ architecture. Parametric modelling of geometry has led to the realisation of some of architecture’s most recent developments in design, performance, materiality and

construction efficiency. A common design strategy is the adaption/optimization of lessons learnt from nature. Natural forms can be deemed as justified efficient systems, tested by nature itself through evolution and supported by research.One of the most interesting geometric explorations relevant to the architectural discourse for this project is the application of geodesics. Creating a form from geodesic elements is a very effective way of achieving optimum efficiency and aesthetic beauty as it allows the opportunity to create a structure that not only performs structural qualities but creates eye catching aesthetic qualities too.

B1.

01. ‘Relatively unseen forms or structures’ a design by Greg Lynn- The European Central Bank competition. 2003. source: http://glform.com/buildings/european-central-bank-competition

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Highly efficient yet strikingly beautiful architecture such as LAVA’s Green Void, 2008 or Smart Geometry’s Gridshell installation and IBA’s Canton Tower provide established precedents supporting the success of the application of minimal surfaces, geodesics and geometric form finding on varying scales in this way. All three examples have utilised parametric modelling to explore and realise the aesthetic and structural opportunities of their projects, resulting in efficient design. All three example’s intent are very similar; maximise efficiency and minimise waste in all aspects of the design while producing a strong aesthetic presence. The results are three very different projects however they all adopt similar strategies.The Green Void and Canton Tower projects, while completely different in scale and function, both look to nature as their basis for form finding exploration structural principles in their architectural practice. “IBA strives towards coherence, the kind normally only found in nature” (http://www.iba-bv.com/).“LAVA explores frontiers that merge future technologies with the patterns of organisation found in nature and believes this will result in a smarter, friendlier, more socially and environmentally responsible future” (http://www.l-a-v-a.net/about-lava/)Similarly Smart Geometry uses the existing naturally defined strength and bending parameters of the timber they chose as their material to define/restrict the form and structure of their design.

These examples provide evidence that producing architecture using geometries formed from parametric modelling is a very viable and interesting approach to designing in such a way that meets contemporary social and environmental efficiency and aesthetic requirements.

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Case Study 1.0 Gridshell Explorations

1. Original:Integers list 1: 10list 2: 35Shift list list 1: 5list 3: -5

5.Integers list 1: -100list 2: -50Shift list list 1: -50list 3: -5

6.Integers list 1: -100list 2: -50Shift list list 1: 50list 3: -50

2.Integers list 1: 10list 2: 65Shiftlist 1: 10list 3: -5

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3.Integers list 1: -10list 2: -35Shift list list1: -20list 3: -10

7.Integers list 1: -100list 2: -50Shift list list 1: -50list 3: -25

8.-3rd Geodesic added-2nd curve list set as start of shift list-3rd curve list set as end of shift list.Integers list 1: -100list 2: -50Shift list:list 1: 50list 2: -25list 3: 20

4.Integers list 1: -20list 2: -9Shift list list1: -20list 3: -30

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9.-3rd Geodesic added-2nd curve list set as start of shift list-3rd curve list set as end of shift list.Integers list 1: -100list 2: -50Shift list:list 1: 50list 2: -5list 3: 90

13.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 10-delaunay edges -applied to first 2 geodesic curve lists Curve Integerslist 1: 15list 2: -20Shift listlist 1: 10list 2: -20

14.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 5-delaunay edges -applied to first 2 geodesic curve lists Curve Integerslist 1: 10list 2: -15Shift listlist 1: 10list 2: -20

10.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curves of the first 3 curve arcs-delaunay edges appliedIntegersAll 10

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11.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curves of the first 3 curve arcs-delaunay edges appliedIntegersAll 15

15.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 5-delaunay edges -applied to first 2 geodesic curve lists Curve Integerslist 1: 10list 2: 15Shift listlist 1: 20list 2: -10

16.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 5 (for both)-delaunay edges-applied to first 2 geodesic curve lists -applied to third geodesic curve list Curve Integerslist 1: 10list 2: 15Shift listlist 1: 1list 2: -20list 3: 10

12.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 100-delaunay edges -applied to first 2 geodesic curve lists Curve Integerslist 1: 15list 2: 50Shift listlist 1: 50list 2: -5

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17.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 5 (for both)-delaunay edges flattened-applied to first 2 geodesic curve lists -applied to third geodesic curve listCurve Integerslist 1: 10list 2: 15Shift listlist 1: 1list 2: -20list 3: 10

21.-Brep mesh applied to original rebuilt and lofted curves-Mesh smoothed-Slider (to control degree of smoothing): 10

22.-Brep mesh applied to original rebuilt and lofted curves-Mesh smoothed-Slider (to control degree of smoothing): 5

18.-3D grid populated on rebuilt curvesInteger: 10-delaunay edges flattened-applied to lofted surface of original list of rebuilt curves

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19.-Brep mesh applied to original rebuilt and lofted curves-Mesh smoothed-Slider (to control degree of smoothing): 26

20.-Brep mesh applied to original rebuilt and lofted curves-Mesh smoothed-Slider (to control degree of smoothing): 15

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Canton Tower Re-engineered

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Reference curves (3) into grasshopper

Divide curves into a tree, N= 10

Create arcs through points using 3 point

arc

Explode tree- data matching

For second geodesics:

-divide curves a 2nd time, N= 20

Explode tree- data matching

Shift list:-shift control points in

3rd curve-degree controlled by

slider-shift by 8

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loft arcs together for geodesic curves:

-rebuild curves with 10 control points

-reloft -close loft

Connect geodesic to loft for first geodesics

Turn on wrapping:-boolean true

Copy geodesic and connect to second set

of curves

Shift list of control points on first curve

by 2

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Bibliography

Davis, D., Studio Air Lecture 3: Parametric Modeling, 2013.

Foster + Partners, Beijing International Airport, online, available: fostersandpartners.com, 2013.

Foster + Partners, Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre, online, available: plusmood.com, 2013

Grimshaw Architects, Internaional Terminal Waterloo, online, available: http://grimshaw-architects.com/project/international-terminal-waterloo/, 2013.

Kalay, Y., Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design, 2004.

Lynn, G., Blob Tectonics, or why Tectonics is square and Topol-ogy is Groovy, .1998.

Peters, B., & de Kestelier, Computation works: the building of algorithmic thought, 2013

SmartGeometry, Responsive Acoustic Surfacing, online, avail-able: http://smartgeometry.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59%3Aresponsive-acoustic-surfacing&catid=37&Itemid=56, 2012

Williams, R., Architecture and Visual Culture, 2005

Wilis, J., Momo to Pomo: Dutch Opposites: de Stijl and the Phan-tasts, 2013.

Woodbury, R., Elements of Parametric Design, 2010

Woodbury, R. and Burrow, A., ‘Whither design space?’, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 2006.