Post on 02-Oct-2020
Amanda H. Hult, PESenior Director, Local Paving – NRMCA
Luke McHugh, PESenior Director, Local Paving – NRMCA
Designing Concrete Industrial Designing Concrete Industrial PavementsPavementsPavements
ACI 330.2RPavementsPavements
ACI 330.2RACI 330.2R-PavementsPavements
ACI 330.2RACI 330.2R-17
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Instructions
• Everyone is muted• Webinar is being recorded• Type questions in the question box• Download the handouts in the GoToWebinar control panel• Credit for course
– Based on attendance– Survey (Quiz) – In follow-up e-mail, not required, but encouraged– Certificate – In follow-up e-mail 1 hour after webinar– AIA members – We will register your attendance with AIA-CES if you provided AIA number
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NRMCA Disclaimer
• This presentation has been prepared solely for information purposes. It is intended solely for the use of professional personnel, competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content, and who will accept full responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The National Ready Mixed Concrete Association and any other organizations cooperating in the preparation of this presentation strive for accuracy but disclaim any and all responsibility for application of the stated principles or for the accuracy of the content or sources and shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from reliance on or use of any content or principles contained in this presentation. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this presentation are copyrighted to the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association. All rights reserved. Therefore reproduction, modification or retransmission in any form is strictly prohibited without the prior written permission of the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association.
• ©2015 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association.
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NRMCA Super Sponsors
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Agenda
Introductions
Why are we here?
Design
Optimizing Designs
Design Software
Resources
INTRODUCTIONS
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National Trade Assn. (Est. 1930)
Alexandria, VA, based1100 Member companies75-80 % - N Amer. Production
National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
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Presenters
• Amanda Hult, P.E.–NRMCA Local Paving, SE Region– Over 11 years in the Concrete Industry– Land Development, Market Development
• Luke McHugh, P.E.– NRMCA Local Paving, Northeast Region– 33 Years in Practice– Civil Design – Aviation Emphasis
Why Are We Here?
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Purpose and Objectives
Duration: 1.0 hours
• Concrete paving for heavy industrial and trucking facilities has many similarities to other types of concrete pavements; however, service distinctions may include slower traffic speeds and zones with multi-directional flow traffic. Industrial paving projects are usually larger in size than most parking lots, and may include warehouses, factories and truck terminals. The scale of these projects and the extreme traffic loads generally justify more rigorous design attention than typical of parking lots. This session will identify the differences in design and construction for industrial concrete pavements.
Learning Objectives• Understand the appropriate pavement design methods for industrial and trucking facilities.• Recognize the importance of characterizing different vehicle sizes and types for use in
industrial design methods.• Learn which concrete paving equipment is appropriate for heavy duty pavements.• Be able to complete a basic concrete pavement design for industrial and trucking facilities.
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Why Are We Here?• Why are we here today?
– Why are we focusing on paving for industrial & trucking facilities?
– What documents / standards are available to designers?
• Who designs industrial paving?
• What is the opportunity?– What is the ROI & who can benefit?
Design
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• Owner / Architect:– Loads (vehicle count & growth)
• Geotechnical Engineer:– Thickness recommendations based on subgrade support
• Civil Engineer:– Concrete strength– Joint spacing– Joint details & load transfer– Drainage details & layout
• Structural Engineer– Reinforcement???
• Contractor– Construction method– Joint layout
Design
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ACI 330R-08:
Industry supported document specifically for parking lots
Design
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• AASHTO – Highway Pavements
• Highways vs. Parking Lots– Speed– Directional traffic patterns– Loading near edges– Other design elements (light poles, islands)
Design
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Concrete Pavements - Technical Support & Promotion• Streets, Roads & Highways
– ACPA (StreetPave™, AirPave™, TRs & Updates, WikiPave)– State DOTs & AASHTO– FHWA
• Airports– ACPA (AirPave)– FAA
• Interior Floor Slabs– American Concrete Institute (ACI 360 & 302)– Portland Cement Association– Concrete Society (TR34)
• Parking Lots– American Concrete Institute (ACI 330)– NRMCA– Concrete Pavement Tech. Center
• Industrial & Commercial Paving– ????– After 12 years work…
ACI 330.2R-17ACI 330.2R-17, Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for
Industrial and Trucking Facilities
Design
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Industrial Concrete Pavements – Where do they fit?
Highway Pavements– Pneumatic tires– Channelized traffic– Design for fatigue– Failure modes:
• Cracking– Edge of road
• Faulting– Permanent deflection
• Roughness– IRI– Because of speed
Interior Floor Slabs– Small, hard wheels– Variable traffic– Design for capacity– Failure modes:
• Cracking– Curl, joint spacing, etc.– Support or edge?
• Joint Spalling– Differential deflection
• Flatness & levelness (Ff & Fl)– Lift truck requirements
…VS…
Design
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Industrial Concrete Paving – What’s the same as Highway?
Truck traffic (sometimes!)
ACI 330.2R-17
Design
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What’s included in “Industrial & Trucking Facilities”
• Standard trucks• Industrial lift trucks• Front end loaders• Tracked equipment • Straddle carriers• Cranes• Military equipment • Buses & coaches• Agricultural equipment
ACI 330.2R-17
Design
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Industrial Concrete Paving – What’s the same as Interior Floor Slabs?• Contractors• Placement methods
– Slip formed– 3D LaserScreed®– Truss Screeds– “Magic” or hand screeded
• Two directional doweling
Design
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Key Terminology:k – modulus of subgrade reaction(Soil)
CBR – California Bearing Ratio (Soil)
Design
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Composite k
Design
If soils are improved, a modified k may be used for the design
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Upcoming Webinar
Design
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330.2R-17 Over-the-Road Trucks Design TablesCategory D | k-value = 150 psi/in. (41 MN/m3)
Document also has tables for doweled and undoweled for200 and 300 psi/in. (54 and 81 MN/m3) and StreetPave Major Arterial
UNDOWELED DOWELED
• Joint spacing = f(thickness)• Dowels reduce thickness
Design
30 Year Design
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Punching Shear Check
Assumptions in table: • Unreinforced panels• Live load factor of 1.6• Nominal shear strength reduced by
factor of 0.60• Nominal base plate width and length of
12 in. (300 mm)• ¾ in. (19 mm) thickness reduction for
placement tolerance.… CONSERVATIVE, per ACI 318
INTE
RIO
RIN
TER
IOR
CO
RN
ER
Design
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Bearing Check
Assumptions in table:• Unreinforced panels• Live load factor of 1.6• Nominal bearing strength reduced by a
factor of 0.60… CONSERVATIVE, per ACI 318
Design
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Industrial Load Design Tables Vehicle
Design
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Industrial Design Table: Single Wheel
Design
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Industrial Design Table: Dual Wheel
Design
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See the Appendix for an Example
Optimization presented via functional area separation…
6 to 14.5 in. (150 to 370 mm)
Design
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Example
Design
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Example
Design
Given InformationStep 1: Determine thickness for dual wheel drive axle
Loaded Lift truckAxle load = 100,000 lbsModulus of subgrade reaction (k) = 200 pciMOR = 550 psiTire pressure = 100 psi
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Example
Design
Step 2: Determine thickness for single wheel drive axle
Loaded Lift truckAxle load = 20,000 lbModulus of subgrade reaction (k) = 200 pciMOR = 550 psiTire pressure = 100 psi
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Example
Design
Step 3: Compare thicknesses to determine critical loading condition
Critical loading condition – produced by 100,000 lb dual wheel drive axle
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Jointing – Isolation Joints
Design
Isolate fresh concrete from a fixed structure
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Jointing – Contraction Joints
Design
Saw cuts should be made within 8 to 12 hours after placement
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Jointing – Construction Joints
Design
formed or slipped face
1st placement 2nd placement
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Load Transfer Devices
Design
Round DowelsSquare DowelsPlate Dowels
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Lug Anchors
Design
Minimize panel sliding caused by:• Steep pavement grades• Sites with fine-grained subgrade soils• Forces from braking or turning
Potential areas of concern:• Entrance/Exit roadways• Aprons near loading docks• Breaking areas while moving downhill or
pavement edges
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Armored Joints
Design
Traffic with hard tires such as:• Solid rubber• Polyurethane• Steel
Hard wheeled vehicles• Apply higher contact pressures• Can cause severe joint deterioration
Use semi-rigid joint filler to minimize joint spalling
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Joint Sealing
Design
Purpose of joint sealer:• Keep water from saturating
subgrade/subbase• Keep incompressible materials out of
joints
Always recommended:• Fuel/chemical spills may contaminate soils• Temporary ponding zones around stormwater drainage
inlets• Minimizing the adverse effects of dowel corrosion• Small-particle materials are spilled, mixed or stored
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Drainage Design
Design
Drainage plan should:• Provide a paved area that is fast-
draining, quick-drying, puddle-free• Sheet flow stormwater to drainage inlets• Avoid channeling water along joint• Avoid “warping” pavement (increases
cracking potential and difficult to build)
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Material and Mix Design
Design
Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsImproves plastic/harden properties
Benefits:• Sulfate resistance• Lower permeability• Mitigation for alkali reactivity with aggregates• Mitigation of heat of hydration• Higher strength
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Material and Mix Design
Design
AdmixturesImproves plastic/harden propertiesAccelerating and retarding admixtures
Water Reducers• Higher slump without increasing w/c• Higher strengths/increased hydration
Air Entrainment• Increases resistance to freeze/thaw deterioration• Reduces segregation• Increases workability• Reduces bleeding
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Material and Mix Design
Design
• Synthetic Fibers – Macro-fibers– Micro-fibers
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Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavements
Design
• Zero slump (consistency of damp gravel)• No forms• No reinforcing steel • No finishing• Consolidated with vibratory rollers
Concrete pavement placed in a different way!
Optimizing Designs
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Example 1: Distribution Center Project
Old Concrete Design:• AASHTO 93 - 9 ¼” with 15’ joint
spacing
Proposed Design for Cost Saving:• Asphalt throughout
New Concrete Design:• Heavy Duty – 7” with 12’ joint spacing• Medium Duty – 5.5” with 6’ joint
spacing• Light Duty – 4” with 6’ joint spacing
800,000 s.f. under roof1,200,000 s.f.
exterior pavement
Optimizing Designs
Design Software
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Recommended for Optimization
Optimization using 330.2R-17
Design Software
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
SUBGRADE- Known MRSG- CBR- R- Value
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Design Software
CONCRETE- 28-Day Flex Strength- Compressive Strength- Modulus of Elasticity- Split Tensile Strength
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
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Design Software
Resources
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Design SoftwarePavementDesigner.org
https://paveahead.com/register/
Pave Ahead™
Concrete Pavement Design Center
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https://paveahead.com/register/
• Design recommendations• Cost comparisons including life cycle costs• Specification review• Ready mixed products:
– Conventional concrete (full depth and overlays)– Pervious concrete– Roller compacted concrete– Cement slurry for full depth reclamation (FDR)
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www.paveahead.com/education
• More professional developmentEach Thursday beginning at 2:00 pm EDT– April 09 Designing Concrete Industrial Pavements– April 16 Soils 101: What to Know for a Successful Paving Project– April 23 Concrete Pavement Jointing and Details– April 30 Materials and Construction Specifications for Concrete Pavement
Projects– May 07 Concrete Street and Parking Lot Maintenance and Repair– May 14 Concrete Overlays of Existing Asphalt Surfaced Streets and Parking
Lots– May 21 Concrete Trail Design
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Questions???
ahult@nrmca.org720/ 648-0323
Amanda Hult, PESr. Director – Local Paving
lmchugh@nrmca.org267/ 212-4700
Luke McHugh, PESr. Director – Local Paving