Post on 11-Jan-2016
Designing and Planning Technology – Enhanced
Instruction
Chapter 2
Presented by:
Connie Everett 1/22/04
What Is a Learning Environment?
A learning environment as applied to education: includes all the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the learner’s development.
The Learning Environment Affects Teaching
and Learning.
Dunn and Dunn (1992) completed a extensive research on matching the physical environment to individual learning styles.The learning environment includes the space and facilities in which instruction occurs.To adjust the physical learning space to maximize its compatibility with learners, it is important to first carefully identify the learning styles of the learners.
The Learning Environment continued:
The learning environment includes both tangible and intangible elements.
It will be necessary to take the time to create a systematic plan that will ensure that each step you take, whether adjusting the physical environment or altering an instructional component, adds to the effectiveness of the learning environment.
Using an Instructional Planning System
Effective instruction is instruction that has been thoroughly thought out and articulated by a skillful and creative educator.The notion of a carefully planned step by step process to design, create, evaluate and revise instruction is called a systems approach to instruction.
The Design-Plan-Act (D-P-A ) SYSTEM
Designing the instruction.
Articulating specific lesson plans
Developing an instructional action plan.
The Design Phase
Design identifies over-all goals and the steps to achieve them.An instructional design model is used to help educators in the first phase of the planning system to envision their planned instruction holistically.Using such a model as a foundation, you will ultimately be able to develop an effective lesson plan and a subsequent instructional action plan.
DID model steps:
Know the LearnersState your ObjectivesEstablish the learning environmentIdentify teaching & learning strategiesIdentify and select technologiesSummative evaluationTable 2.1 – DID Formative and Summative Feedback Loops (pg 40)
The Dynamic Instructional Design Model (DID)
The DID model is a flexible system for designing instruction.The DID model includes all of the critical elements in the design of effective instruction.The DID model sets up the curricular framework.Formative feedback occurs while the learning event is in progressSummative feedback is feedback that occurs at the conclusion of the learning event.
Using the DID Model to Plan Instruction
The model helps you ask yourself the crucial question that will improve the quality of the instructional experience for both you and your students.
Table 2.9 (pg 57) provides a template with a series of prompts to help you build your own design.
Using the DID Model to Create Lesson Plans
The systematic planning of instruction remains the foundation of effective teaching and learning.
Lesson Planning
The lesson plan provides daily guide for teachers.
It is the lesson plan that provides a day-to-day snapshot of what will happen in the classroom.
Lesson Planning continued:
Ready the Learner - Describe how you will prepare the students for the lesson.
Target Specific Objectives – State the instructional design objective that will be addressed by this lesson.
Prepare the Lesson – Describe what you need to do to prepare for the lesson.
Table 2.10- The lesson planner with examples.
The Lesson Planner: Practical Application of the DID Model
The lesson planner is the pragmatic product of the instructional design process.
Instructional Action Planning:The Instructional Action Plan (IAP)
Identifying learner preparation activities
Getting the classroom ready
Teaching-learning activities
Personal prompts
Support technologies
Getting and using feedback
Follow-up activities
Table 2.11 (pg 64)
The Instructional Action Planner
Getting Ready to Teach
Linking Planning, Learning, and Teaching
Design
Plan
Act
Design-Plan-Act! Completes the instructional systems cycle.
Design
Instructional design is the component of the process that helps you think strategically about the teaching and learning experience you are targeting.
Act
Action planning is the final step in the three-part planning process
Design-Plan-Act! Completes the instructional systems cycle.
Plan
The lesson plan brings the instructional design down to earth.
Linking Planning, Learning, and Teaching.
Just as you would carefully plan and rehearse an important speech before giving it, so too must you carefully plan and rehearse the important communication process that takes place between teacher and learner.
Planning for Technology in Teaching and Learning
All aspects of instruction benefit from careful planning, but for using technology in instruction, planning is especially critical.
A well designed learning event ensures that the appropriate technology is used.
Teachers must plan for, select, and effectively use the best technologies to support teaching and learning.
Key Terms – page 67
Bloom’s taxonomyDesign-plan-act system (D-P-A)DID modelFeedback loopsFormative feedbackInstructional action plan (IAP)Instructional design modelLearning environmentLearning strategies
Lesson plannerMediaMethodsMotivatorsPedagogyPerformance objectivesPreorganizerScaffoldingSummative feedbackSystems approachTeaching strategies
Key Theorists
Benjamin Bloom
Rita and Kenneth Dunn
Robert Gagne’
The End