2212-6204 18 pages

M12/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

Tuesday 8 May 2012 (afternoon)

DESIGN TECHNOLOGYSTANDARD LEVELPAPER 1

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].

45 minutes

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

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1. Whichmodelwouldbemostappropriatetoevaluatetheforcesactingonabridgestructure?

A. Scalemodel

B. Prototype

C. Mathematicalmodel

D. Claymodel

2. Ron Hickman – a do-it-yourself enthusiast – damaged a chair he was using to support a pieceofwood hewas sawing.This gave him an idea for awork benchwhich became theWorkmate(Figure 1).

Figure 1: Black and Decker Workmate

[Black&DeckerWorkmate425®.Usedwithpermission.]

Whatideasgeneratingtechniqueisthisanexampleof?

A. Analogy

B. Adaptation

C. Constructivediscontent

D. Brainstorming

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3. Whichcombinationof“incrementaldesign”and“radicaldesign”characterizesmanydesignproblems?

Incremental design Radical design

A. No No

B. No Yes

C. Yes No

D. Yes Yes

4. Whatischaracteristicofconvergentthinking?

I. Conceptual

II. Analytical

III. Solutionfocused

A. IandII

B. IandIII

C. IIandIII

D. I,IIandIII

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5. The QWERTY typewriter keyboard (Figure 2) was designed by Christopher Latham Sholesaround 1870 to speed up typing and is now the most widely-used keyboard layout on mostEnglish-languagecomputers(Figure 3).

Figure 2: Sholes’ 1878 QWERTY keyboard design

Figure 3: QWERTY design on computer keyboard

Q W E R T Y U I O P :MLKJHGFDSA

Z C X V B N ? ; .&

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - , _

f

...

[Adaptedfrom:http://en.wikipedia.orgwikiFile:QWERTY_1878.pngAuthor:C.L.SholesU.S.Patent

No.207,55927August1878]

[From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:QWERTY_keyboard.jpg;createdbyMichaelMaggs.]

Why did the QWERTY keyboard become the dominant design for English-language computerkeyboards?

I. Itreducedthecostofretraining.

II. Themechanicalkeysdonotjam.

III. Ithelpedthetransitionfromtypewritertocomputer.

A. IandII

B. IandIII

C. IIandIII

D. I,IIandIII

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6. Atwhichstageof theproductcycle(Figure 4)domostchanges toaproductusually takeplace?

Figure 4: Sales of a product over time at different stages of the product cycle

sales

A B C D

time[Source:www.tomspencer.com.au/2009/01/25/product-life-cycle-model/]

7. Which combination of “risk” and “potential gain” characterizes a pioneering corporate strategy?

Risk Potential gain

A. Low Low

B. Low High

C. High Low

D. High High

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8. FlybeisoneofEurope’sbiggestregionalairlines.InJune2007Flybepioneeredthedevelopmentofaneco-labellingschemeforaircraft(Figure 5). Thelabelwasmodelledonthoseusedfor thesaleofhouseholdappliancesandshowsarangeofenvironmentalindicatorsforparticularaircraft.Flybehaspublisheditsmethodologysothatitcanbeusedbyotherairlines.

Figure 5: The Flybe eco-label

Take off & landing CO2 emissions

Noise Rating

17.5kg

7kg

30”118

Minimum Leg Room

1Emissions of nitrogen oxides as an indicator of the effects on local air quality

Number Of Seats

Take off & landing local air quality 1

Total aircraft fuelconsumption by

journey length

Domestic (500km)Near EU (1000km)

Short Haul (1500km)

Domestic (500km)

Near EU (1000km)Short Haul (1500km)

CO2 emissionsper seat by

journey length

Take off & landing CO2 emissions (per seat)

BA

B

C

D

E

FMore

Less

Passenger environment

Journey environment

Local environment

Flybe Embraer 195

}}

B (1677kg)

C (2066kg)

B (2719kg)B (3962kg)

B (45kg)

B (73kg)B (1677kg)

[Usedwithpermission.]

Why should all airlines use the same methodology to calculate the environmental impact oftheiraircraft?

A. ToimprovetheimageofFlybe.

B. Toenableconsumerstocomparebetweendifferentairlines.

C. Toassistthemanagementofotherairlines.

D. Toanticipatelegislation.

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9. Whatismostlikelytoincreaseasaresultoftheimplementationof“takeback”legislationforcars?

A. Landfillcosts

B. Productlifecycle

C. Varietyofmaterialsused

D. Numberofcomponentparts

10. Whatmakesaproductmoredifficulttodisassemble?

A. Toxicmaterials

B. Metalliccoatings

C. Permanentfixings

D. Labellingmaterial

11. Analloyisdefinedas:

A. thesmallestpartofanelementthatcanexistchemically.

B. twoormoreatomsthatarebondedtogether.

C. amixturecontainingatleastonemetal.

D. amixtureoftwoormoresubstanceswithoneactingasthematrixorglue.

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12. Figure 6 showsacookingpotwithalidmadeoftwodissimilarmaterials;glassandstainlesssteel.

Figure 6: Cooking pot

[BuenocookwarerangefromWMF.Usedwithpermission.]

Whichphysicalpropertyisimportantwhenselectingmaterialsforthelidofthecookingpot?

A. Lowhardness

B. Highthermalconductivity

C. Lowthermalexpansion

D. Highdensity

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13. Figure 7showsahardwood(mahogany)externaldoor.

Figure 7: Mahogany door

[www.bdjoineryltd.co.uk/external-hardwood-pairs/churchill-glazed-hardwood-pai;BestDoorJoinery,Ltd.]

Whywouldthedoorbetreatedwithatransparent(varnish)finishratherthananopaque(paint)finish?

A. Aesthetics

B. Hardness

C. Tensilestrength

D. Resistancetodampenvironments

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14. Figure 8showsacoppertubebeingshapedusingapipebender.

Figure 8: Copper tube and pipe bender

[Pleaserefertothisimagehttp://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_33396_33396]

Whichcharacteristicisnotdemonstratedbytheshapingofthecoppertube?

A. Plasticity

B. Malleability

C. Ductility

D. Elasticity

15. Whichcombinationof“performance”and“temperature”makesnickel-basedsuperalloyssuitableforaircraftengines?

Performance Temperature

A. Low Low

B. Low High

C. High Low

D. High High

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16. Figure 9andFigure 10showtheGrandCanyonSkywalk,aglasswalkwaythatspans21metresovertheGrandCanyon’srimataheightof1219metresabovetheColoradoRiver.

Figure 9 and 10: The Grand Canyon Skywalk

[Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SkywalkFromOutsideLedge.jpg,byWikipediauser

ComplexSimpleLLC]

[www.lochsa.com/Projects/Skywalk1.html;LochsaEngineering]

Which combination of “resistance to compressive forces” and “resistance to tensile forces”characterizesglassandconstrainsthedesignoftheGrandCanyonSkywalk?

Resistance to compressive forces Resistance to tensile forces

A. No No

B. No Yes

C. Yes No

D. Yes Yes

17. Nitinol isasmartmaterial. It isaplasticmaterialandcanbestretchedbutdoesnot return to itsoriginalshapewhenthestretchingforceisremoved.Howeverwhenitconductsanelectriccurrentitheatsupandreturnstoitsoriginalshape.

Whichclassofmaterialsisnitinolanexampleof?

A. Shapememoryalloy

B. Electro-rheostatic

C. Magneto-rheostatic

D. Piezoelectric

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18. Whatisadisadvantageofcraftproduction?

A. Qualityisperceivedtobehigher

B. Thecostoftheproductisoftenhigher

C. Productsareunique

D. Thereisoftenacloserelationshipbetweenthecraftsmanandtheclient

19. Whichcostswillbehigherperunitofproductforcraftproductionthanforautomatedproduction?

A. Capitalcosts

B. Labourcosts

C. Rawmaterialcosts

D. Marketingcosts

20. WhatwillbeofgreaterconcerntoamanufacturerusingaJust-in-Time(JIT)approachratherthanoneusingaJust-in-Case(JIC)approach?

A. Storage

B. Rawmaterialsupply

C. Waste

D. Workforce

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21. BeforeHenryFordappliedassembly-lineproductiontothedevelopmentofasimpleandreliablecaronlyveryrichpeoplecouldaffordthem.HenryFord’sdesignforaModelTFord(Figure 11)wasbasedonassembly-lineproduction,whichmeant that themassproducedcarwasaffordable foramassmarketandrevolutionizedAmericansociety.

Figure 11: Model T Ford

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1919_Ford_Model_T_Highboy_Coupe.jpg]

Which aspect of assembly-line production allowed the Model T Ford to become a massmarketproduct?

I. Automation

II. Standardization

III. Labourskills

A. IandII

B. IandIII

C. IIandIII

D. I,IIandIII

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22. Figure 12 showsagraphofcostsagainstsales ($)andcost ($)against thenumberofunitssold.

Figure 12: Sales ($) and Costs ($) against unit sold for a product

Salesandcosts

Sales Profit Break-even point Total costs Fixed costs

$60000

$50000

$40000

$30000

$20000

$10000

$0

0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500Unitssold

[http://simplestudies.com/repository/lectures/ch10_break-even_point_representation.gif.Usedwithpermission.]

Whatdoeseachunitcontributetothefixedcostsatthebreak-evenpoint?

A. $2

B. $5

C. $7

D. $10

23. Whichpercentilewouldbeusedtodeterminetheheightofadoorhandle?

A. 5th

B. 95th

C. 5th–95th

D. 50th

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24. Figure13andFigure 14showaroadableaircraftcalledTransition®. It isclassifiedbyaviationauthorities as a light sport aircraft. Itswings fold at the touchof a button to convert into a car.Roadableaircrafthavetomeetmotorvehicleregulationsandaviationregulations. Thisresultsinconflictswhichthedesignermustresolve.

Figure 13 and Figure 14: Transition® Roadable Aircraft

Imagesremovedforcopyrightreasons.

[Pleasereferto:http://www.terrafugia.com/images/LeavingGarageWM-Med.jpgand

http://www.terrafugia.com/imagesTransitionFlyingLookingUpWM-Med.jpg]

Whichofthefollowingregulationsforlightsportsaircraftwouldbeamajorconstraintonthedesigneroftheroadableaircraft?

A. Amaximumtakeoffweightof1320pounds

B. Amaximumspeedofmorethan120knots

C. Nomorethantwoseats

D. Fixedlandinggear

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25. Whichisanadvantageofusingafieldtrialtoevaluatethedesignofasolarpanel?

A. Time

B. Cost

C. Samplesize

D. Testingin-situ

26. Whichevaluationtechniqueislikelytoprovidelargelyquantitativedata?

A. Literaturesearch

B. Performancetest

C. Usertrial

D. Userresearch

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Questions 27–30 relate to the following case study. Please read the case study carefully and answer the questions.

Tupperware is a product family of food containers (Figure 15) with a unique seal modelled on apaint tin lid (Figure 16). Tupperware was developed by Earl Tupper who worked for the plasticsdivision of chemical manufacturing giant DuPont. The first plastics were brittle with an unpleasantodour (smell). Tupper developed an odour-free flexible plastic. His polyethene food cartons werefirst sold in 1945. Tupperware was difficult to re-seal as air had to be released when putting thelidon.ItwasnotsuccessfuluntilBrownieWisesoldTupperwarethroughanetworkofhousewiveswhohostedpartiesandwereabletodemonstratehowtore-sealthecontainerstocustomers.

Figure 15: The Tupperware product family Figure 16: A Tupperware container

[From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tupperware_plastic_containers.jpeg]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Small_authentic_tupperware.JPGbyDonMike10]

27. WhichideasgeneratingtechniquewasusedbyEarlTupperforhisuniqueseal?

A. Adaptation

B. Constructivediscontent

C. Brainstorming

D. Attributelisting

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28. WhatistrueofthethermoplasticpolyetheneusedtoproduceTupperware?

I. Linearchainmolecules

II. Strongprimarybondsbetweenpolymerchains

III. Strongprimarybondswithinpolymerchains

A. IandII

B. IandIII

C. IIandIII

D. I,IIandIII

29. WhichevaluationcriterionwasnotmetbytheearlyTupperwareproducts?

A. Easeofuse

B. Easeofmaintenance

C. Durability

D. Safety

30. WhatdidEarlTupperandBrownieWisecontributetothesuccessofTupperware?

Earl Tupper Brownie Wise

A. Inventor Inventor

B. Productchampion Inventor

C. Inventor Productchampion

D. Productchampion Productchampion