Post on 18-Dec-2015
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Telescopes for High Energy Telescopes for High Energy AstrophysicsAstrophysics
©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Telescopes for High Energy Telescopes for High Energy AstrophysicsAstrophysics
A bit of historyA bit of history Playing billiards with photonsPlaying billiards with photons An example: Swift gamma ray burst An example: Swift gamma ray burst
missionmission A new, more efficient techniqueA new, more efficient technique The J-PEX mission The J-PEX mission
©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Rocket Payload (1962)Rocket Payload (1962)
Geiger Counters
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Gas Counters on SatellitesGas Counters on Satellites
Ariel 1 – 1962Ariel 1 – 1962– Solar and ionospheric satellite Solar and ionospheric satellite
observatoryobservatory Late 1960s – birth of X-ray Late 1960s – birth of X-ray
AstronomyAstronomy Ariel 5 – 1975, first UK X-ray Ariel 5 – 1975, first UK X-ray
satellitesatellite
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Grazing X-ray telescopesGrazing X-ray telescopes
Wolter mirror
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TechniquesTechniques Two candidates Two candidates
– Replicated shells… used for XMMReplicated shells… used for XMM– Square pore optics manufactured from glass or SiSquare pore optics manufactured from glass or Si
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©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Si Technology (ESTEC)Si Technology (ESTEC)
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Coded Aperture ImagingCoded Aperture Imaging
Source casts Source casts gamma-ray shadowgamma-ray shadowon detectoron detector
Location of shadowLocation of shadowyields location of yields location of sourcesource
Coded aperture Coded aperture mask pattern mask pattern
5mm square Pb tiles5mm square Pb tiles
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Swift Mission ConceptSwift Mission Concept
Gammay ray burst Gammay ray burst studiesstudies
Wide field gamma-Wide field gamma-ray imagerray imager
Sensitive narrow Sensitive narrow field X-ray and UV-field X-ray and UV-Optical instruments Optical instruments to follow the to follow the afterglowafterglow
BAT
XRT
Spacecraft
UVOT
BAT
UVOT
XRT
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Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)Burst Alert Telescope (BAT)
BAT Characteristics
BAT Detector Array
Coded Aperture Mask
••
•
•
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BAT
XRT
UVOT
SWIFT Optical Bench
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BAT Burst Image
T~10 sec
Observing ScenarioObserving Scenario
BAT Error Circle
XRT Image
T~100 sec T~300 sec
UVOT Image
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X-Ray Telescope X-Ray Telescope
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XRT Data XRT Data
Cas A: (13 ks)
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TThe J-PEX he J-PEX SSpectrometerpectrometer
Ion etched, blazed grating.MoSi multilayers for high reflectionSpherical figure, 2.2m focal length
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Telescope apertureTelescope aperture
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Rocket Rocket OperationsOperations
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White SandsWhite SandsMissile RangeMissile RangeT-minus 2 T-minus 2 weeksweeks
-64-60 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 40 60 67
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Terrier-Black Brant (MOD2) 36.195 DG/Cruddace
1095.2# P/L,86.5o QE, 001.7o AZ, Athena, WSMR
East-West Range - km Figure 5-1. WSMR Impact Map
Nor
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Carlton TV ©
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Carlton TV ©
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©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Cut Down!Cut Down!
The payload The payload functioned wellfunctioned well
We did not get We did not get any dataany data
We recovered the We recovered the telescope intacttelescope intact
Chance to fly Chance to fly againagain -64-60 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 40 60 67
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Terrier-Black Brant (MOD2) 36.195 DG/Cruddace
1095.2# P/L,86.5o QE, 001.7o AZ, Athena, WSMR
East-West Range - km Figure 5-1. WSMR Impact Map
Nor
th-S
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Ran
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60 70 80 90 100
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©M.A.Barstow – 2009
NASA/WSMR
©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Black Brant burnoutBlack Brant burnoutDespinDespinPayload SeparationPayload SeparationPayload door openPayload door openPayload switch onPayload switch onGo to SiriusGo to SiriusDetector door openDetector door openGo to CapellaGo to CapellaBlind offset > G191-B2BBlind offset > G191-B2BTelescope onTelescope onTelescope/payload offTelescope/payload offBlack Brant impactBlack Brant impactParachute deploymentParachute deploymentPayload impactPayload impact
T + 50T + 50T + 60T + 60T + 70T + 70T + 80T + 80T + 90T + 90T + 100T + 100T + 110T + 110T + 120T + 120T + 130T + 130T + 140T + 140T + 150T + 150T + 160T + 160T + 170T + 170T + 180T + 180T + 190T + 190T + 200T + 200T + 250T + 250T + 300T + 300T + 350T + 350T + 400T + 400T + 450T + 450T + 520T + 520T + 610T + 610T + 860T + 860
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Carlton TV ©
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Nitrogen IV Oxygen IVHelium II
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ConclusionConclusion
We have obtained the We have obtained the bestbest X-ray X-ray spectrum ever!spectrum ever!
This shows that there This shows that there isis helium helium present present in in interstellar spaceinterstellar space and possibly in the and possibly in the starstar
ThirdThird J-PEX flight J-PEX flight October 2008 October 2008 Hopefully Hopefully a a satellitesatellite missio missionn
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Flight 3 – October 21Flight 3 – October 21stst 2008 2008
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APEX/SAGEAPEX/SAGE
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
©M.A.Barstow – 2009
Telescopes for High Energy Telescopes for High Energy AstrophysicsAstrophysics