Post on 22-Feb-2016
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DECOLONIZATION:How did imperialism shape
Modern Day Africa?
THE FALL OF GLOBAL IMPERIALISM
DECOLONIZATION IN AFRICA
DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA
After WWII, African nations were not willing to continue being colonized
Most African nations gained their independence in the 1960’s
Ignored boundaries by imperial powers left Africa with ethnic and cultural conflicts
Ghana (1957) Pan-Africanism was a
philosophy that promoted African awareness and pushed for the betterment of all Africans on the continent
“United States of Africa”
Ghana has shifted from civilian to military rule many timesFreedom Now!- Kwame
Nkurmah
Nigeria (1960) Very populous and
wealthy, yet ethnically divided
Yorba ruled and set up a federal system
Igbo take over (martial law)
Hanusa-Fulani over throw IgboCivil War
Military rules throughout the 1970s (economy grew from oil)
1979 return of civilian rule
1983Hanusa-Fulani seizes power
1993 Army dictatorship 1999first free elections
due to Abdulsalami Abubakar
Kenya (1963)
Jomo Kenyatta
Mau Mau Oathing Ceremony
•British had prized Farmlands in Kenya•Kenyatta and the Mau Mau (separately) forced the British to leave•Kenyatta united ethnic groups and Nairobi flourished•Today, Kenya’s economy suffers, there is political corruption and ethnic conflicts
The Congo (Zaire 1965-1997)
Belgium exploited the Congo for its resources w/o providing any social services
Mobuto, an army officer, seized power in a bloodless coup due to internal and external conflicts
Mobuto ruled for 32 years- he was overthrown by Laurent Kabila Civil WarMobuto Sese Seko
Algeria (1965) Algeria: 1 million Europeans
French leaders claimed that Algeria was an integral part of metropolitan France.
The colons constituted a minority to the 9 million indigenous Arabs and Berber peoples.
The Algerian War of Independence The war dragged on for eight
years (1954-1962), at a cost of as many as 300,000 lives.
At home, French society was torn apart.
Ahmed Ben Bella- leader of the FLN (National Liberation
Front)
Algeria The negotiations to end
the war began only after an insurrection led by colons and army officers had caused the French Fourth Republic to fall in 1958 and brought Charles de Gaulle to power. By 1962, more than
9/10ths of the European population had departed.
Charles De Galle
South Africa South
Africa: 4 million Europeans▪ Minority
white rule (Afrikaners) persisted
After winning the elections of 1948, the Afrikaner-dominated National Party in South Africa enacted an extreme form of racial segregation known as apartheid.▪ Apartheid laws stripped Africans, Indians,
and colored persons (mixed descent) of their few political rights.
▪ Schools segregated; country divided into racial “homelands”
The African National Congress opposed this legislation.▪ After the Sharpeville massacre of 1960,
peaceful protest turned into violent protest.
▪ Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life in prison in 1962.
▪ The West (U.S.) supported South Africa as a bulwark against the spread of communism in Africa.
South Africa 1994 marked the first universal elections held in
South Africa--What does this mean? F.W.Klerk elected by white minority in 1989 ▪ Goals: Transform South Africa and released
Mandela from jail.
Nelson Mandela elected President of South Africa (1994-99) an anti-apartheid activist convicted him on charges of sabotage and other crimes against apartheid and imprisoned for 27 years has helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa won the Noble Peace Prize in 1993
DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA
Current Problems: Unbalanced economies due to:
▪ Cash crops▪ Poor roads▪ Few factories▪ Limited education
Little or no middle class Militarist dictatorships, democracies have
revealed little success Ethnic divides due to Imperialism
How did imperialism shape Modern Day Africa?