Post on 12-Apr-2017
The experience of the Brazilian Climate
and Health Observatory
Renata Gracie
Christovam Barcellos
Diego Silva
Hegláucio Barros
Vanderlei Matos
Maria de Fátima de Pina
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Direct impact (external causes) of extreme
climate events: heat waves, floods, drought
• Expansion (area) of vector borne diseases
(magnitude)
• Vulnerability of water supply and sanitation
systems and the increasing risk of water
related diseases
• Interaction between atmospheric pollution
and climate increasing risk of respiratory
diseases
Health impacts in Brazil due to
environmental and Climate changes
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Climate factors affect differently the
disease distribution
• Nevertheless, there are other important
determinants of disease, besides climate
• There will be different impacts of climate
on health conditions, depending on social
vulnerability and local conditions
Environmental and Climate changes:
Main health impacts in Brazil
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Schistosomiasis
50.000 cases/year
• Small
temperature
amplitude
• Permanent
rain
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Leptospirosis
3000 cases/year 300 deaths/year
• Summer rain
• Low temperatures
• Rice plantation
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Dengue
• Isotherm 22oC
• demographic density
• entomological
(un)control
500.000 cases/year 40 deaths/year
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Objectives
• Gather available data on climate, environment, society and health
• Provide situation analysis, as well as identification of trends and patterns of climate and health conditions.
• Semi-qualitative graphs and maps
• Contribute to national alert systems and monitor health emergency situations associated to extreme climate events
• Support research & development on climate and environmental changes and health effects
• Promote active participation of citizens in the debate of climate and environmental changes and health effects (news, comments, photos)
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Start-up: 2009
• 2009-2011 workshops with data producers,
users, and environmental and health
scientists.
• What diseases & health events, to monitor?
• What, and how, data to collect?
• What indicators to produce and how to store it?
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Databases: many, free of charge, but
not easily found and hard to understand
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Architecture of the Brazilian
Climate and Health Observatory
Risk Models Integrated databases
EIS Environmental Information System
HIS Health Information System
CIS Climate Information System
SIS Socio-demographic Information System
Population, Migration, Vulnerability
Raw data (precipitation, temperature)
Prevision
Disease notification Hospitalization, Mortality. Time series
Images Forest fires, Land use Land coverage
Data
Theory Experiments
Communication
Policy makers Warning systems
Citizen Permanent information
Specialists Data, tools
News Evidences Events Photographs
Analysis
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015 User “Mediator” Data servers
Malaria incidence,
rainfall and deforestation
in a specific area?
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
• Water
• Air
• Vectors
• Extreme events
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
• Indicators
• Water
• Air
• Vectors
• Extreme events
• Related Indicators
• Search
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Indicators, data sources and meta-
data
• Indicators
• Water
• Air
• Vectors
• Extreme events
• Related
Indicators
• Search
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Health provision
facilities (CNES)
Climate models
Cartographic
databases
Availability of maps in the Brazilian
Climate and Health Observatory
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Intense rains - Seasonality and
trends
Afected Frequency
Vulnerability
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Brazilian Climate and Health Observatory
www.climasaude.icict.fiocruz.br
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Evaluate the local contexts of relations between climate change and health issues.
• Localized and more depth studies - validate and establish parameters for modeling the behavior of diseases at national level
• Monitor trends of some environmental and health problems over the next few years.
Sentinel sites by biomes
Amazon: Water related diseases
Semi-arid: drought, famine, migration
Savannah : Forest fires and respiratory diseases
Rain forest: Vector transmitted diseases
South: Extreme events and external causes of mortality
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Two severe and
consecutive floods
Manaus, June 2012
unprecedented flood
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Sentinel site Porto Velho: Forest
fires and respiratory diseases
• Elderly hospitalization
by respiratory diseases
• Air quality (O3, PM2.5 and
CO)
• Expansion of economic
frontier
• Climate changes - dryer
seasons
• Forest fires – Induction
and propagation
• Increasing social
vulnerability –
Migration
Brazilian Amazon
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
Hospitalization by diagnosis (ICD-10) of
flooded area residents in Santa Catarina
(southern Brazil), 2008
Health services collapse
Pregnancy, child-bird
Cerebrovascular
diseases
Traumatisms
Infectious diseases
Cancer
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• French-Brazilian frontier
• Vector borne diseases
• malaria, dengue and chikunguny
International transfrontier
sentinel site
Autochthone cases
Imported from Guyane (FR)
Malaria incidence
Our common future
under climate
change
Paris 7-10 July 2015
• Climate and health relations are rarely…
• Immediate
• Important time gaps between exposure and effects, health events and registers, climate (slow ) alterations and health consequences
• Direct
• There are social, political, environmental and economic processes mediating the consequences of climate on health problems.
• It is a vital task to identify these mechanisms.
• Local
• Global processes can produce different consequences in local contexts, depending on local vulnerability.
• Climate change and health effects belong to different scales.
• Apolitical
• The whole debate is permeated by pressure groups, fake scientists, lobbyists, etc.
• Media is an important forum.
Major methodological issues