Data Specification Buildings KEN INSPIRE Workshop

dominique.laurent@ign.fr

INSPIRE Theme BuildingsStatus after consultation and testing

Plan of presentation

• General methodology, existing data and standards

• Use cases – user requirements

• Modelling approach

• Open issues

• Consultation and testing

General methodology

General process

INSPIRE TWGDrivers

Use cases

User requirements

Data specification

Constraint

Existing data

Support

Standards

Best practices

Existing data

• At national level– Topographical view– Cadastral view

• At local level– Lack of overview– Existence of 3D data

Detailed information available

Lack of exhaustive information => take care of

feasibility issues during review and testing

CityGML

• a common model for the representation and the exchange of 3D city models – Geometry– Semantics, relations.

• an international standard from OGC

• a base model with information required by most applications + possibilities of extensions

• a standard with practical implementations– Software– Data

Strong influence of CityGML

• The philosophy of City GML :– base model (information required by most applications)– extensions

• CityGML widely used for the modelling of 3D data– Building model at different levels of detail

Strong influence of CityGML

• Some modelling concepts – BuildingPart

– ExternalReference : reference to another information system

BuildingPart

LADM (Land Administration Domain Model)

Legal/cadastral point of view on buildings

Ex: a flat in a block of flats (in case of

joint ownership)

Eurostat classification

Eurostat classification partly adopted (for

residential use)

Use cases

Concrete use cases

Safety Urban expansion

Environment Infrastructures

Census - Statistics

Communication – Public awareness

Natural risks (flood, fire, earthquake, landslide)

Human risks (transport)

Prevention / rescue management

Definition of urban areas

Urbanism planning and monitoring

Pollutions (air, noise, sol)

Quality of habitat

Sustainable buildings (energy, …)

Historical interest

Location for new infrastructure

Infrastructure management

Public patrimony management and valorisation

Risk / travel maps

City maps Thematic / tourism maps

3D models

Census Urban units Environmental statistics / Reporting

Analysis of user requirements

Propagation model

Topographic data

(including Buildings)

Physical phenomenon

data

Extent of physical phenomenon

Examples: flood, noise, air pollution, light

• Building influence on physical phenomena

• Building influence on physical phenomena

Influence of buildings on air pollution propagation

Analysis of user requirements

• Influence of physical phenomena on buildings

Building data

Examples:

− flood, fire, earthquake, noise, … : vulnerability to risk or pollution

− sun exposure: ability to receive solar panels

AnalysisPhysical phenomenon

data

Building vulnerability or

ability

Analysis of user requirements

• Physical phenomena modelling:

− different models more or less detailed

Simple data: cheaper (widely available data),quicker to process but only rough results

Detailed data : good results but costly (rarely available) and longer to process

3D geometry

Material of roof

Material of walls

Material of structure

…

2D geometry

Height

Date of construction

Date of renovation

OR

Analysis of user requirements

SU SU

Statistical data on statistical units

Area of interest

Buildings

Analysis of user requirements

• Computation of population

Examples: flood, noise, air pollution, light, transport

Analysis of user requirements

• Computation of population

-2D geometry

-Localisation

-area

-Number of floors

-Use (residential)

-2D geometry

-Localisation

- area

-Number of floors

- Use

-Residential

-Industrial

-Office

-Retail

-Public services

Population at night Population at day

• Mapping

Flooded areas mapNoise map around airport

Roof thermography (lost of heat) Symbols for Electronical Navigation Charts

Analysis of user requirements

Analysis of user requirements

• Mapping (e.g. air traffic or marine navigation)

Buildings and constructions

2D geometry

Height

Elevation

Classification according to physical aspect

Specific buildings and constructions may be landmarks (or obstacles)

Specific buildings and constructions (examples)

Analysis of user requirements Urbanism planning- Urban monitoring

Temporal studies: evolution of city

Analysis of user requirements Urbanism planning- Urban monitoring

Detailed cadastral data for urbanism management

Analysis of user requirements

External Reference on Building

External Reference on Building Unit

Building geometry

Spatial overlay with Cadastral

Parcel

Association to Cadastral Parcel

2D geometry

Date of construction

Date of demolition

Condition (functional, in project, ruin,…)

Official area

Link to building permit (document, external reference)

Access to owner

Harmonisation of interest for European user(s)

Harmonisation of interest for national/local user(s)

INSPIRE Directive/GCM

International use cases

European Directives/initiatives

European Directives/initiatives Local use cases

Wid

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inspireId

beginLifespanVersion

endLifespanVersion

OtherConstruction

heightAboveGround

elevation

specificInterestconstructionNature

numberOfFloors

currentUse

dateOfConstruction

name

dateOfRenovation

externalReference

numberOfDwellings

Association to CP

heightBelowGround

numberOfFloorsBelowGround

materialOfStructure

materialOfRoof

materialOfFacade

openGroundFloorroofType

Association to AD

officialArea

officialValue

conditionOfConstruction

document

dateOfDemolition

energyPerformance

BuildingUnit

Building/BuildingPart

numberOfBuildingUnits

Profile approach

Basic semantic

Rich semantic

2D geometry Core 2D profile (normative)

Extended 2D profile

(illustrative)

3D geometry Core 3D profile (normative)

Extended 3D profile

(illustrative)

Harmonisation

at European level

Harmonisation at national/local level

Wid

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eOut of INSPIRE

theme BU

Basic

topographic

data

Basic

cadastral

data

Detailed

topographic

data

Owner/tenant

Interior of building

Detailed activity

Core profile Extended profile

Modelling approach

Principles

• The profile approach:– Normative profile: core data– Illustrative profile: for possible extensions now or in future

• Various user requirements – Flexible model

• Use of profiles

• Most attributes are voidable

• Most code lists extensible

• Multiple values possible for some attributes

– No recommendation about quality

«featureT ype»AbstractBuilding

+ geometry: Bui ldingGeometry [1..*]

«voidable»+ currentUse: CurrentUseValue [0..*]+ numberOfBui ldingUnits: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfDwel l ings: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfFloorsAboveGround: Integer [0..1]+ speci ficInterest: Speci ficInterestValue [0..1]

«featureT ype»BuildingPart

A

«featureT yp...Building

«featureT ype»AbstractConstruction

+ inspireId: Identi fier

«voidable, l i feCycleInfo»+ beginLi fespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

«voidable»+ condi tionOfConstruction: ConditionOfConstructionValue+ dateOfConstruction: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfDemol i tion: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfRenovation: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ elevation: Elevation [0..*]+ externalReference: ExternalReference [0..*]+ heightAboveGround: HeightAboveGround [0..*]+ name: GeographicalName [0..*]

constraints{endLi fespanVersion}

«featureT ype»OtherConstruction

+ constructionNature: ConstructionNatureValue+ geometry: GM_Prim itive

Name: Bui ldingsCore2DAuthor: karjohVersion: 2.0Created: 23-9-2010 16:50:05Updated: 20-6-2011 11:13:35

+parts

0..*

Core 2D profile

Scope of theme Building has been

enlarged to include feature type

OtherConstruction(e.g. bridges,

environmental barriers, elevated

constructions)

«featureT ype»AbstractBuilding

+ geometry: Bui ldingGeometry [1..*]

«voidable»+ currentUse: CurrentUseValue [0..*]+ numberOfBui ldingUnits: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfDwel l ings: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfFloorsAboveGround: Integer [0..1]+ speci ficInterest: Speci ficInterestValue [0..1]

«featureT ype»BuildingPart

A

«featureT yp...Building

«featureT ype»AbstractConstruction

+ inspireId: Identi fier

«voidable, l i feCycleInfo»+ beginLi fespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

«voidable»+ condi tionOfConstruction: ConditionOfConstructionValue+ dateOfConstruction: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfDemol i tion: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfRenovation: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ elevation: Elevation [0..*]+ externalReference: ExternalReference [0..*]+ heightAboveGround: HeightAboveGround [0..*]+ name: GeographicalName [0..*]

constraints{endLi fespanVersion}

«featureT ype»OtherConstruction

+ constructionNature: ConstructionNatureValue+ geometry: GM_Prim itive

Name: Bui ldingsCore2DAuthor: karjohVersion: 2.0Created: 23-9-2010 16:50:05Updated: 20-6-2011 11:13:35

+parts

0..*

Core 2D profileCommon attributes of

OtherConstruction and AbstractBuilding are grouped under

feature type AbstractConstruction

Common attributes to feature types Building and

BuildingPart in AbstractBuilding

Only 3 instantiable feature types:

-Building

-BuildingPart

-OtherConstruction

Geometry

• Example of geometry

Multiple geometry allowed Reference geometry to be used for

queries and portrayal

Elevation

• Example of elevation

Multiple values of elevation allowed

ElevationCRSReference

«featureType»Building

«featureType»BuildingPart

«featureType»AbstractBuildingExtended2D

«voidable»+ document: Document [0..*]+ energyPerformance: EnergyPerformance [0..1]+ heightBelowGround: Length [0..1]+ materialOfFacade: MaterialOfFacadeValue [0..*]+ materialOfRoof: MaterialOfRoofValue [0..*]+ materialOfStructure: MaterialOfStructureValue [0..*]+ numberOfFloorsBelowGround: Integer [0..1]+ officialArea: OfficialArea [0..*]+ officiaValue: OfficialValue [0..*]+ openGroundFloor: Boolean [0..1]+ roofType: RoofTypeValue [0..*]

Name: Bui ldingsExtended2DAuthor: karjohVersion: 2.0Created: 23-9-2010 16:23:41Updated: 20-6-2011 15:56:07

«featureType»BuildingUnit

+ externalReference: ExternalReference+ inspireId: Identi fier

«voidable, l i feCycleInfo»+ beginLifespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

«voidable»+ geometry: GM_Primitive

«featureType»Addresses::Address

constraints{AddressPosition}{AddressCountry}{EndLifeSpanVersion}

Constraint one of bui ldingUnit or Bui lding must be there

«featureType»BuildingCore2D::AbstractConstruction

+ inspireId: Identi fier

«voidable, l i feCycleInfo»+ beginLifespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

«voidable»+ conditionOfConstruction: ConditionOfConstructionValue+ dateOfConstruction: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfDemoli tion: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfRenovation: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ elevation: Elevation [0..*]+ externalReference: ExternalReference [0..*]+ heightAboveGround: HeightAboveGround [0..*]+ name: GeographicalName [0..*]

constraints{endLifespanVersion}

«featureType»AbstractBuilding

+ geometry: Bui ldingGeometry [1..*]

«voidable»+ currentUse: CurrentUseValue [0..*]+ numberOfBui ldingUnits: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfDwell ings: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfFloorsAboveGround: Integer+ specificInterest: SpecificInterestValue [0..1]

«featureType»OtherConstruction

+ constructionNature: ConstructionNatureValue+ geometry: GM_Primitive

«featureType»CadastralParcels::CadastralParcel

constraints{geometryType}{areaValueUoM}{val idTo}{endLifespanVersion} A

+parts

0..*

+bui ldingUnit0..*

+bui ldingUnit

0..*

+voidable

+addresses 0..*

+cadastralParcels

0..*

+addresses

0..*

New feature type BuildingUnit: subdivision of Building that is

homogeneously related to

management aspects

Association to CP

Association to AD

Extended 2D profile

Extended 2D profile

Attributes related to the architecture of buildings

Attributes related to management of buildings (cadastral data)

Building BuildingPart

«featureType»AbstractBuildingExtended2D

«voidable»+ document: Document [0..*]+ energyPerformance: EnergyPerformance [0..1]+ heightBelowGround: Length [0..1]+ materialOfFacade: MaterialOfFacadeValue [0..*]+ materialOfRoof: MaterialOfRoofValue [0..*]+ materialOfStructure: MaterialOfStructureValue [0..*]+ numberOfFloorsBelowGround: Integer [0..1]+ officialArea: OfficialArea [0..*]+ officiaValue: OfficialValue [0..*]+ openGroundFloor: Boolean [0..1]+ roofType: RoofTypeValue [0..*]

Name: Bui ldingsExtended2DAuthor: karjohVersion: 2.0Created: 23-9-2010 16:23:41Updated: 20-6-2011 15:56:07

BuildingUnit

+ externalReference: ExternalReference+ inspireId: Identi fier

+ beginLi fespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

+ geometry: GM_Prim itive

Addresses::Address

constraints{AddressPosition}{AddressCountry}{EndLifeSpanVersion}

Constraint one of bui ldingUnit or Bui lding must be there

BuildingCore2D::AbstractConstruction

+ inspireId: Identi fier

+ beginLi fespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

+ conditionOfConstruction: ConditionOfConstructionValue+ dateOfConstruction: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfDemoli tion: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfRenovation: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ elevation: Elevation [0..*]+ externalReference: ExternalReference [0..*]+ heightAboveGround: HeightAboveGround [0..*]+ name: GeographicalName [0..*]

constraints{endLifespanVersion}

AbstractBuilding

+ geometry: Bui ldingGeometry [1..*]

+ currentUse: CurrentUseValue [0..*]+ numberOfBui ldingUnits: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfDwel l ings: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfFloorsAboveGround: Integer+ speci ficInterest: SpecificInterestValue [0..1]

OtherConstruction

+ constructionNature: ConstructionNatureValue+ geometry: GM_Prim itive

CadastralParcels::CadastralParcel

constraints{geometryType}{areaValueUoM}{val idTo}{endLifespanVersion} A

+parts

0..*

+bui ldingUnit

0..*

+bui ldingUnit

0..*

+voidable

+addresses 0..*

+cadastralParcels

0..*

+addresses

0..*

GM_Primitive

«type»Geometric primitiv e::GM_Solid

+ area() : Area+ boundary() : GM_Sol idBoundary+ GM_Solid() : GM_Sol id+ volume() : Volume

Name: Bui ldingsCore3DAuthor: karjohVersion: 2.0Created: 23-9-2010 16:52:12Updated: 17-6-2011 16:47:54

«featureType»AbstractConstruction

+ horizontalGeometryEstimatedAccuracy: Length+ verticalGeometryEstimatedAccuracy: Length

«featureType»OtherConstruction

+ constructionNature: ConstructionNatureValue

«featureType»BuildingCore2D::AbstractConstruction

+ inspireId: Identi fier

«voidable, l i feCycleInfo»+ beginLifespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

«voidable»+ conditionOfConstruction: ConditionOfConstructionValue+ dateOfConstruction: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfDemoli tion: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfRenovation: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ elevation: Elevation [0..*]+ externalReference: ExternalReference [0..*]+ heightAboveGround: HeightAboveGround [0..*]+ name: GeographicalName [0..*]

constraints{endLifespanVersion}

«featureType»Building

«featureType»BuildingPart

«featureType»Core2DAbstractBuilding

«voidable»+ currentUse: CurrentUseValue [0..*]+ numberOfBui ldingUnits: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfDwell ings: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfFloorsAboveGround: Integer [0..1]+ specificInterest: SpecificInterestValue

lod1Sol id

+geometry

1

+parts

0..*

Name:Package:Version:Author:

Bui ldingsCore3D«appl icationSchema» Bui ldingCore3D2.0karjoh

Based on:

- LoD 1 of CityGML (the simplest one)

- Basic semantic of core 2D profile

Core 3D profile

«featureType»BoundarySurface

«featureType»WallSurface

«voidable»+ materialOfWal l : MaterialOfFacadeValue [0..1]

«featureType»RoofSurface

«voidable»+ materialOfRoof: MaterialOfRoofValue [0..*]

«featureType»GroundSurface

GM_MultiPrimitive

«type»Geometric aggregates::

GM_MultiSurface

«featureType»Window

GM_Primitive

«type»Geometric primitiv e::GM_Solid

«featureType»AbstractConstruction

+ horizontalGeometryEstimatedAccuracyLod1: Length+ horizontalGeometryEstimatedAccuracyLod2: Length+ horizontalGeometryEstimatedAccuracyLod3: Length+ verticalGeometryEstimatedAccuracyLod1: Length [0..1]+ verticalGeometryEstimatedAccuracyLod2: Length [0..1]+ verticalGeometryEstimatedAccuracyLod3: Length [0..1]

«featureType»OtherConstruction

+ constructionNature: ConstructionNatureValue

«featureType»BuildingCore2D::AbstractConstruction

+ inspireId: Identi fier

«voidable, l i feCycleInfo»+ beginLi fespanVersion: DateT ime+ endLifespanVersion: DateT ime [0..1]

«voidable»+ conditionOfConstruction: ConditionOfConstructionValue+ dateOfConstruction: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfDemoli tion: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ dateOfRenovation: DateOfEvent [0..1]+ elevation: Elevation [0..*]+ externalReference: ExternalReference [0..*]+ heightAboveGround: HeightAboveGround [0..*]+ name: GeographicalName [0..*]

Name: Bui ldingsExtended3DAuthor: karjohVersion: 2.0Created: 8-4-2011 10:44:53Updated: 20-6-2011 16:04:27

«featureType»ParameterizedTexture

+ imageURI: URI+ m imeType: M imeFi leType+ textureType: TextureTypeType

«dataType»TextureParametrization

«dataType»TextCoordGen

+ worldToTexture: T ransformationMatrix3x4Type

«dataType»TextCoordList

+ ring: URI+ textureCoordinates: Sequence

«featureType»Core2DAbstractBuilding

«voidable»+ currentUse: CurrentUseValue+ numberOfBui ldingUnits: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfDwel l ings: Integer [0..1]+ numberOfFloorsAboveGround: Integer [0..1]+ speci ficInterest: SpecificInterestValue

«featureType»Building

«featureType»BuildingPart

«featureType»Door

«featureType»Opening

«codeList»TextureTypeType

«voidable»+ speci fic+ typical

«codeList»MimeFileType

+ image/bmp+ image/gi f+ image/jpeg+ image/png+ image/ti ff

«featureType»ClosureSurface

«dataType»TransformationMatrix3x4Type

- elements: Sequence

+boundedBy 0..*

+multiSurfaceLod3

1

+parts

0..*

+boundedBy

0..*

+textureParamsuri :anyURI+texture

+multiSurfaceLod2

0..*

+lod1Geometry

0..1

+lod3Geometry

0..1

+lod2Geometry

0..1

+multiSurfaceLod3

0..*

+opening

0..*

+textures

+construction

Up to LoD 3 of CityGML:

-Description of walls, roof,

ground

-Description of openings (door,

window)

Textures from

libraries or real-world

images

Extended 3D profile

Main issues

Extension of scope• Feature type : OtherConstruction

Open issue : is this extension relevant ? (useful ? difficult ?)

Harmonisation of interest for European user(s)

Harmonisation of interest for national/local user(s)

INSPIRE Directive/GCM

International use cases

European Directives/initiatives

European Directives/initiatives Local use cases

Wid

ely

avai

labl

eRa

rely

ava

ilabl

e

inspireId

beginLifespanVersion

endLifespanVersion

OtherConstruction

heightAboveGround

elevation

specificInterestconstructionNature

numberOfFloors

currentUse

dateOfConstruction

name

dateOfRenovation

externalReference

numberOfDwellings

Association to CP

heightBelowGround

numberOfFloorsBelowGround

materialOfStructure

materialOfRoof

materialOfFacade

openGroundFloorroofType

Association to AD

officialArea

officialValue

conditionOfConstruction

document

dateOfDemolition

energyPerformance

BuildingUnit

Building/BuildingPart

numberOfBuildingUnits

Status of cadastral specific

data: core or extended profile?

Classification of buildings• Current status classification according to:

– the activity hosted by the building (for management use cases)– the physical aspect (for mapping purposes)

Based on Eurostat

classification

More information to be found in themes AF, PF and US

Mainly based on international use cases (air traffic, marine

navigation)

Both code lists are extensible by member states

Is this simple/rough classification of buildings suitable? How are themes BU and US articulated in your MS?

Consultation and testing

Calendar

• June 2011– Publication of data specification version 2 – INSPIRE conference (Edinburgh)

• July-October 2011: review and testing

• November 2011– 21-22 : PCC meeting– 24-25: TWG BU meeting

=> Comments received but no decision taken yet

Testing SDIC/LMO

Only transformation tests:

-National data producers

- Regional data producers (Italy, Spain, Germany)

- Technology suppliers (Snowflakes)

15 registered testing SDIC/LMO

Commenting SDIC/LMO

Most comments from national or local producers

(+ EuroControl – air traffic)

Some registered testing SDIC/LMO have not submitted

any comment

Received comments

Theme BU: n° 3 for received comments

Extension of scope

Sources:

- Questionnaire to PCC members

- Comments (general review)

Results:

-19 SDIC/LMO: rather in favour of extension

- 6 SDIC/LMO: disagreement with extensionAgreement for extension (core profile)

Disagreement for extension

Conflicting comments

Agreement for extension (optional)

Status of cadastral data

• Open issue: should (specific) cadastral data be in core profile?– BuildingUnit– Link to Address and Cadastral Parcel– Official area, official value

• Question misunderstood– Cadastral data should be in INSPIRE (e.g. detailed geometry, year

of construction, number of floors, ….)– Specific requests to move links to Address and Cadastral Parcels to

core (normative) profile– Some issues foreseen

• Official area : feasibility• Official value: privacy

Classification of buildings

Sources:

- Questionnaire to PCC members

- Comments (general review)

Results:

- few answers

- no clear trend

Agreement for simple classification

More detailed classification

Conflicting comments

Eurostat classification

New requirements

• More values in some code lists• More attributes on Building Unit

– Use - official value– Official area - energy performance

• Heating system and heating source• Connection to networks• Associations to US, PF, AF• Area• Floor description (height, number of dwellings)• More detailed 3D model • ....

Other comments

• Need for more guidelines and better explanations– BuildingPart– BuildingUnit

• Interrogation about hierarchical code lists

• Articulation with theme US: still an open issue

• Code for official area

• Inconsistencies, editorial errors

• ...

Next steps

• 24-25 November: TWG BU meeting

• February 2012: version v2.9 (DS)

• March 2012: internal review, last X-theme harmonisation

• April 2012:– version 3 (DS)

– answers to comments

• End 2012: Implementing Rule voted

• 2013: Implementing Rule published