Current status of the plant breeding and impact of the FHIA hybrids in

Africa

R. Swennen

Current status of the plant breeding and impact of the FHIA hybrids in

Africa

R. Swennen

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

R. Swennen

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

R. Swennen

Banana breeder

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

and elsewhere

R. Swennen Banana genetic resources

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

R. Swennen

Professor Fundamental and applied research

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

and elsewhere

R. Swennen Banana breeder

Plantain and Matooke

West and Central Africa 8 out 10 top producers in the world are African countries 70 million people depend on it 180 varieties

•Countries around the great lakes •20% of global production

•Highest consumption rate in the world •30% of arable land goes to bananas

•70 varieties

Plantain

Matooke

Banana based farming

Wild plants

Crops Wild animals

Domesticated animals

Plantain diversity

More plantain diversity

Black Sigatoka

Plantain Matooke

Plantain and Matooke hybrids

225% yield increase 60% IITA IITA/NARO

Breeding efficiency

• IARPCB (International association for research on plantain and cooking banana)

• FHIA field collection • Ripening room • Seed extraction • Exchange visits

Ripening room

Seed extractor

X

Mother: triploid Male: diploid

Embryo rescue

Landrace-susceptible Hybrid-resistant male-resistant Female male

Plantain hybrids

Phenotypic traits and types of gene action in Musa.

_______________________________________________________________________________Phenotypic Trait Type of Gene Action

_______________________________________________________________________________

Albinism Two complementary recessive genes

Apical dominance One major recessive gene in plantains

Banana weevil resistance Gene(s) with incomplete/partial dominance toward

resistant parent in the diploid plantain-banana hybrids

Black sigatoka resistance One major recessive gene and two additive minor genes

with dosage effects in plantain-banana hybrids

Bunch weight Epistatic interactions increase yield in polyploid hybrids

Dwarfism in French plantains One major recessive for short false internodes with

modifiers affecting plant height

Fruit parthenocarpy One segregating locus in plantain hybrids and 'Calcutta 4'

Fruit size and weight Larger fruit in polyploids due to epistasis

P d t i O i b t dditi ll l dif i it

Diploid breeding??

Matooke (3x), 660K-1 (4x), 12468.S6 (3x)

Matooke hybrids

Matooke (3x), 660K-1 (4x), Calcutta (2x),

Matooke (3x), 660K-1 (4x), Calcutta (2x), TMB2x 8075-7 (2x), 12468.S6 (3x)

TM3x 15108-1

TM3x 15108-2

TM3x 15108-6

TMPx 4479-1(4x)

SH-3362(2x)

'Bobby Tannap'(3x)

'Calcutta 4'(2x)

SH-3217(2x)

SH-3142(2x)

SH-2095(2x)

SH-2766(2x)

Intermating 'Pisang jari buaya'(2x)

('Sinwobogi' X 'Tjau Lagada')(2x)

(wild malaccensis X 'Guyod')(2x)

(3x)

(wild malaccensis X 'Guyod')(2x)

'Tjau Lagada'(2x)

Pedigree of 'PITA-15', 'PITA-16', and 'PITA-19'.

FHIA

IITA

Secondary triploid

Diploid breeding

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

and elsewhere

R. Swennen Banana genetic resources

International Musa Transit Centre (ITC): Global banana collection

Transit Centre

Recipient country

Global testing

90,000 samples to 296 research partners in 103 countries

International Musa testing programme

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

R. Swennen

Professor Fundamental and applied research

Kagera

IMTP

1,200 – 1,800 m a.s.l.

24 varieties 71,000 in vitro plants

Beans Coffee Cassava TreesCassava

HOUSE Matooke

Dessert bananasCooking bananasBrewing bananas

Sweet PotatoBambarra nutYam

KIBANJA RWEJA

Impact (1994-2014)

• 6 million suckers • 1/3 multiplied by the project • 2/3 multiplied by the farmers and farmer’s

organisation • 0.5 million people with income 3x

,

United Nations Award for banana research

Banana and plantain breeding and Phil Rowe’s impact in Africa

R. Swennen

Professor Fundamental and applied research

The banana transformation platform

8000-100 000 plants per ml

In vitro plantlet stage

Constitutive expression

Root specific expression

Live LUC

Expression patterns

GM banana fields in Uganda, Costa Rica, Brasil

Bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas

BXW GM banana

GM plants, especially diploid GM plants should become part of a conventional breeding program

Dehydration studies

Thermal imaging

Detection of differential stomatal behavior between water treatment based ΔT Principle : TClosed > TOpened

WW WS

Proteomics of dehydration

tolerant and susceptible variety

Proteins linked to abiotic stress B genome with A genes: Ba A genome with B genes: Ab

• 9 active breeding programmes • Interesting hybrids of other programmes • Other breeding approaches • Impact of FHIA hybrids • IITA and IITA/NARO breeding

• New material coming from Indonesia

Accelerating breeding

• Upcoming RTB meeting in Cameroon • MAS breeding • GBS of Musa (nearly 1000 varieties) • Genomic selection

• More emphasis on large and fast

phenotyping