CS519: Computer Networks

Lecture 4, Part 1: Feb 16, 2004Internet Routing

Routing and Forwarding Revisited

Routing has a huge design space

Type of addressHierarchical, flat, coordinate

Dynamic versus staticCentralized versus distributedHop-by-hop versus source routeReactive versus proactiveMulti-domain versus single-domain

Internet IP routing

Bridged Ethernet Routing (versus IP Internet)

DNS Routing (versus IP Internet)

Distributed Hash Table Routing (versus IP Internet)

Internet IP Routing Architecture

The IP routing architecture is domain-based, with two tiers

Inter-domain and Intra-domain routing domains

Autonomous Systems (AS)(i.e. routing domains)

But recall that the public Internet has a lot of structure

Transit ASs and Stub ASs (i.e. ISP and Site respectively)

Transit ASs and Stub ASs

All transit ASs run BGP with each otherBorder Gateway Protocol

Stub ASs may or may not run BGPMulti-homed Stubs typically will

All ASs internally run an intra-domain routing protocolA large ISP may structure itself as multiple transit ISs

Why this 2-tier AS structure?

Why not just have all routers run BGP?Answer: AutonomyDifferent domains have different internal routing requirements

Must be free to select a routing protocol to run internally

Inter-domain and Intra-domain routing requirements are quite different

Inter-domain and Intra-domain routing requirements

Inter-domain routing is mainly about policyISP A has a contractual obligation to use ISP BISP A wants to avoid ISP B

Intra-domain routing is mainly about performance

Speed of convergence, traffic engineering, scalability

This suggests very different approaches

CS519: Computer Networks

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