CS 200 - Programming I: Exceptions€¦ · Command-Line Arguments Exceptions Passing Command-Line...

CS 200 - Programming I: Exceptions

Marc Renault

Department of Computer SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin – Madison

Spring 2018TopHat Sec 3 (AM) Join Code: 427811TopHat Sec 4 (PM) Join Code: 165455

Command-Line Arguments Exceptions

Command-Line Arguments

Passing Command-Line Arguments

Example: java CmdLineEx arg0 agr1 arg2

Command-Line ArgumentsArguments passed to the program when it is launched.In example: arg0, arg1, arg2

String[] argsPassed to the main method via the String[] args.In example: String[] args = {"arg0","arg1","arg2"}.

Passing Command-Line Arguments

Example: java CmdLineEx arg0 agr1 arg2

Command-Line ArgumentsArguments passed to the program when it is launched.In example: arg0, arg1, arg2

String[] argsPassed to the main method via the String[] args.In example: String[] args = {"arg0","arg1","arg2"}.

TopHat Question 1

What is the output when executed using the commandjava CmdLineEx Do or do not, there is no try.

public class CmdLineEx {

public static void main(String [] args) {int i = 0;for(String s: args) {

i += s.length ();}System.out.print(i);

Command-Line Argument Exercise

Write a program that receives from the command line both astring and action to perform (either changing to upper case orlower case). The command-line arguments are organized asfollows:

-s str , where str is the string to transform-l to lowercase-u to uppercase

There should only be one of -l or -u. The arguments should behandled in any order.After parsing the arguments, the program outputs the string,having converted to upper or lower case as per thecommand-line arguments.

Exceptions

What is an exception?Shorthand for “an exceptional event”.An event that interrupts the normal flow of the program.

What causes these events?

A failure of the machine where the program is running.A programming error.A user goes off the “happy path”.

Why use exceptions?Separates error-checking from normal “happy path” code.Organized with try-catch-finally and throws.

Exceptions

What causes these events?A failure of the machine where the program is running.

A programming error.A user goes off the “happy path”.

Exceptions

What causes these events?A failure of the machine where the program is running.A programming error.

A user goes off the “happy path”.

Exceptions

What causes these events?A failure of the machine where the program is running.A programming error.A user goes off the “happy path”.

Exceptions

What causes these events?A failure of the machine where the program is running.A programming error.A user goes off the “happy path”.

Java Exception Hierarchy

Object

Throwable

Exception

Runtime

Errors

CausesErrors are caused by abnormal conditions beyond the control ofthe programmer causing the program to fail such as hardwarefailures.

Some Examplesjava.io.IOError

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError

java.lang.LinkageError

Object

Throwable

Exception

Runtime

Runtime Exception

CausesRuntime Exceptions are typically caused by programmingerrors (bugs) not caught at compile time such as trying toaccess an out of bounds cell in an array.

Some Examplesjava.lang.NullPointerExceptionjava.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException

java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExceptionjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

java.lang.ArithmeticException

Object

Throwable

Exception

Runtime

Unchecked

Object

Throwable

Exception

Runtime

Unchecked

Checked

Object

Throwable

Exception

Runtime

Unchecked vs Checked

Unchecked ExceptionAn unchecked exception is an exceptional condition that theapplication usually cannot anticipate or recover from. Theseare:

ErrorsRuntime exceptions

Checked ExceptionsAll other exceptions are checked exceptions. A method musthandle all checked exceptions by either:

Using a try-catch block, orThrowing the exception.

Unchecked vs Checked

Unchecked ExceptionAn unchecked exception is an exceptional condition that theapplication usually cannot anticipate or recover from. Theseare:

ErrorsRuntime exceptions

Checked ExceptionsAll other exceptions are checked exceptions. A method musthandle all checked exceptions by either:

Using a try-catch block, orThrowing the exception.

TopHat Question 2What kind of exception isjava.util.InputMismatchException?The following code compiles. When the user inputs “a”, theprogram terminates with ajava.util.InputMismatchException.import java.util.Scanner;

public class ExceptionEx1 {

public static void main(String [] arg) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt ();System.out.println("Value is " + a);

try-catch

try {tryStmt1;...tryStmtN;

}catch (AnException e) {

catchStmt1;...catchStmtN;

Control Flow

Try Stmt Block

AnException?

AnExceptionCatch Block

Followingstatements

try-catch

try {tryStmt1;...tryStmtN;

catchStmt1;...catchStmtN;

Control Flow

Try Stmt Block

AnException?

Followingstatements

TopHat Question 3

What is the output when the user enters “z”?

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);try {

int a = sc.nextInt ();System.out.println("Value is " + a);

}catch(Exception e) {

System.out.print("Catch.");}System.out.print("Done.");

Catching the Exact Exception

}catch(Exception e) {

System.out.print("Catch.");}

Best PracticeWhen catching exceptions, be as precise as possible about theexception.

Catching the Exact Exception

}catch(InputMismatchException e) {

System.out.print("Input was not an integer.");}

Best PracticeWhen catching exceptions, be as precise as possible about theexception.

Stack Trace

System.out.println("Input was not an integer.");e.printStackTrace ();

Stack TracePrints the trace of methods calls (with line numbers) on thestack leading to the exception.Throwable has an instance method printStackTrace().

Basic try-catch-finally

try {tryStatements;

catchStatements;}finally {

finallyStatements;}

Basic Control Flow

Try Stmt Block

AnException?

Finally Stmt Block

Followingstatements

Basic try-catch-finally

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

Basic Control Flow

Try Stmt Block

AnException?

Finally Stmt Block

Followingstatements

TopHat Question 4

int a = sc.nextInt ();System.out.print("Value is " + a + ".");

System.out.print("Catch.");}finally {

System.out.print("Finally.");}System.out.print("Done.");

TopHat Question 5

What is the output when the user enters “2”?

int a = sc.nextInt ();System.out.print("Value is " + a + ".");

System.out.print("Catch.");}finally {

Multiple catch

try {tryStatements;

}catch (Exception1 e) {

catch1Statements;}catch (Exception2 e) {

catch1Statements;}...catch (ExceptionN e) {

Control Flow

Try Stmt Block

CaughtException?

Exception1Catch Block

ExceptionNCatch Block

Followingstatements

Multiple catch

try {tryStatements;

}catch (Exception1 e) {

catch1Statements;}catch (Exception2 e) {

catch1Statements;}...catch (ExceptionN e) {

Control Flow

Try Stmt Block

CaughtException?

Exception1Catch Block

ExceptionNCatch Block

Followingstatements

TopHat Question 6What is the output when the user enters “0”?

int a = sc.nextInt ();System.out.print("Value is " + 10/a + ".");

System.out.print("Catch Mismatch.");}catch(ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.print("Catch Div 0.");}finally {

Advanced try-catch-finally

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

What if the catch blockthrows an exception?

The finally block is stillexecuted.

What if the catch blockreturns?The finally block is stillexecuted.

What if the try blockreturns?The finally block is stillexecuted.

What if the try block throwsan uncaught exception?The finally block is stillexecuted.

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

What if the catch blockthrows an exception?The finally block is stillexecuted.

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

What if the catch blockreturns?

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

What if the try blockreturns?

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

What if the try block throwsan uncaught exception?

try {tryStatements;

finallyStatements;}

TopHat Question 7

int a = sc.nextInt ();System.out.print("Value is " + a + ".");return;

System.out.print("Catch.");return;

}finally {

System.out.print("Finally.");}

Basic Throwing ExceptionsCreating and Using Exceptions

Constructors:Exception() – Creates an Exception object.Exception(msg) – Creates an Exception object containingthe message msg.

Some methods:printStackTrace() – Prints the exception stack trace.getMessage() – Returns the message associated with theexception.

Throwing an Exceptionthrow aThrowable;

Stops normal executions and throws an exception.E.g.throw new Exception("An exception!");

TopHat Question 8What is the output when the user enters “z”?Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);try {

int a = sc.nextInt ();if(a <= 0)

throw new Exception("Error: Val <= 0.");System.out.print("Value is " + 10/a + ".");

System.out.print("Catch Mismatch.");}catch(Exception e) {

System.out.print(e.getMessage ());}finally {

TopHat Question 9What is the output when the user enters “0”?Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);try {

int a = sc.nextInt ();if(a <= 0)

throw new Exception("Error: Val <= 0.");System.out.print("Value is " + 10/a + ".");

System.out.print("Catch Mismatch.");}catch(Exception e) {

System.out.print(e.getMessage ());}finally {

Methods Throwing ExceptionsSpecifying Exceptions Thrown... someMethod(...) throws exception1,exception2,...

Part of the method header.All checked exceptions must be listed.Unchecked ones are optional.

Throwing vs CatchingA method, someMethod, that throws a checked exception ispassing the exception to the caller.The caller can either:

Throw the exception further up the stack calls, orPut the method call to someMethod in a try block andhandle the exception in a catch block.

Throwing vs CatchingA method, someMethod, that throws a checked exception ispassing the exception to the caller.

The caller can either:Throw the exception further up the stack calls, orPut the method call to someMethod in a try block andhandle the exception in a catch block.

Throw the exception further up the stack calls, or

Put the method call to someMethod in a try block andhandle the exception in a catch block.

Throw the exception further up the stack calls, orPut the method call to someMethod in a try block andhandle the exception in a catch block.

TopHat Question 10What is the output when the user enters “0”?

public static void div(int a, int b) throws Exception {if(b == 0)

throw new Exception("Error: a is 0.");System.out.print("Value is " + b/a + ".");

public static void main(String [] arg) {Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);int a = sc.nextInt ();try {

div(10, a);}catch(Exception e) {

System.out.print(e.getMessage ());}System.out.print("Done.");

TopHat Question 11What is the stack trace output when the program runs?

1 public class ExceptionEx11 {23 public static void f() throws Exception {4 throw new Exception ();5 }67 public static void main(String [] arg) {8 try {9 g();

10 }11 catch(Exception e) {12 e.printStackTrace ();13 }14 }1516 public static void g() throws Exception {17 f();18 }1920 }

CS 200 - Programming I: Exceptions€¦ · Command-Line Arguments Exceptions Passing Command-Line...

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