Post on 14-May-2019
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CROPPING PATTERN OF COFFEE AS RUBBER INTERCROP AT FARMER LEVEL IN MUARA ENIM AND MUSI
RAWAS DISTRICTS OF SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
M.J. Rosyid and Heru SuryaningtyasSembawa Research Centre, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute
Email: irri_sbw@yahoo.comFacsimile : + 62 711 7439282
South Sumatra
Musi Rawas at low altitude
Muara Enim is a plateau, about >700 m from sea level
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INTRODUCTION
1. South Sumatra Province is one of the central areas of coffee and rubber production in Indonesia :
Coffee-producing center is Muara Enim and Musi Rawas District, the popular name are Semendo and Linggau Coffee
2. The constraint encountered in the development of the coffee in the future is the uncertainty of coffee price
During the last 10 years, it was ranging from U.S. $ 0.46 to U.S. $ 2.65 per kg. This is in contrast to the relatively stable prices of rubber which tend to continuously increase at present (U.S. $ 0.73 - U.S. $ 3.08 per kg)
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Coffee Price
Rubber Price
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Some farmers have started converting coffee into rubber plantation
Such condition may cause the image of South Sumatra as the center of the famous coffee to disappear Some farmer to cultivate rubber with coffee planet as rubber intercropIt was rationale to implement the coffee-rubber cropping system, because coffee and rubber require the same growing conditions.
Robusta coffee requires altitude of 300-600 m above sea level for optimum growth, but it can also be planted at low altitude area. The rubber plant requires altitude of 0-600 m above sea levelThe rainfall for coffee about 1500-3000 mm / year. And for rubber of 1.500 to 2.500 mm / year evenly distributed throughout the year (Blencowe. 1989).
Under these conditions, intercropping coffee and rubber is possible
Some farmers have started converting coffee into rubber plantation
Such condition may cause the image of South Sumatra as the center of the famous coffee to disappear Some farmer to cultivate rubber with coffee planet as rubber intercrop
It was rationale to implement the coffee-rubber cropping system, because coffee and rubber require the same growing conditions.
Robusta coffee requires altitude of 300-600 m above sea level for optimum growth, but it can also be planted at low altitude area. The rubber plant requires altitude of 0-600 m above sea levelThe rainfall for coffee about 1500-3000 mm / year. And for rubber of 1.500 to 2.500 mm / year evenly distributed throughout the year (Blencowe. 1989).
Under these conditions, intercropping coffee and rubber is possible
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Traditionally practiced in Indonesia since 1900
The problems that need to be researched were as follows:
1. How the cropping pattern of coffee with rubber that has been developed by farmers in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas
2. How the productivity of coffee when grown as rubber intercrop
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The research objectives were as follows:
1. To study about the coffee farm diversification patterns with rubber that has been developed by farmers in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas.
2. To study the productivity of coffee with rubber diversification patterns that exist at the farm in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas
RESEARCH METHODSResearch was conducted in the districts of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas, South Sumatra Province Research at Muara Enim district was done in 2010 and that in Musi Rawas was done in 2012
District/Cropping patternThe number of farmers sampled
at different ages rubberThe number of farmers
3 year 4 year 9 year 10 yearMuara Enim
Coffee as rubber intercrops
2 1 1 1 5
Coffee monoculture 1 1 1 1 4Rubber monoculture 1 1 1 1 4
Musi RawasCoffee as rubber intercrops
1 1 1 1 4
Coffee monoculture 2 2 1 1 6Rubber monoculture 2 1 1 2 6
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cropping patternPercentage of farmers
Muara EnimDistrict
Musi RawasDistrict
Coffee as rubber intercrop
20% 25%
Coffee monoculture
60% 30%
Rubber monoculture
20% 45%
Average land ownership
0.75 – 1.25 ha 2.0 - 3.0 ha
The percentage of farmers who seek between coffee as a cash crop and average size of land ownership
Technology of coffee as rubber intercrops in the district of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas
Observation of Data Muara Enim District Musi Rawas District
Coffee spacing 3.0 m x 2.5 m, 2.5 m x 2.5 m 2.5 m x 2.0 mRubber spacing 6 m x 3 m and 5 m x 3 m 6 m x 4 m and 5 m x 3 mPlanting coffee as rubber intercropping
Rubber is grown 1 year after the coffee is grown
Rubber is grown 1 year after the coffee is grown
Varieties of coffee Robusta RobustaPlanting material of coffee Polybeg PolybegPlanting material of rubber Seedling and clone SeedlingWeeding every two to three months every four to six monthsPruning of coffee 3 years 3 yearsCoffee fertilization 200 kg Urea, 150 kg SP36 100 kg Urea, 50 kg SP36m
most farmers do not fertilizingRubber fertilization No NoAge coffee started to harvest
1,5 years 1,5years
Age rubber started to harvest
7 - 9 years 7 - 9 years
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Coffee plant populations
Cropping pattern3
years4
years9
years10
years
Coffee as rubber intercrop in Muara Enim
1150 1150 900 900
Coffee monoculture in Mura Enim
1600 1600 1200 1200
Coffee as rubber intercrop in Musi Rawas
1350 1325 1100 1000
Coffee monoculture in Musi Rawas
2000 2000 1500 1400
Rubber plant populations
Cropping pattern 3 years 4 years 9 years 10 years
Rubber intercrop with coffee in Muara Enim
500 500 430 400
Rubber monoculture in Mura Enim
675 650 600 600
Rubber intercrop with coffee in Musi Rawas
420 400 390 350
Rubber monoculture in Musi Rawas
650 600 530 530
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Stem girth of rubber grown with coffee as the rubber intercrop at different rubber ages in District of Muara Enim and Musi Rawas
Cropping pattern 3 years 4 years 9 years 10 years
Rubber intercrop with coffee in Muara Enim
30 38 56 59
Rubber monoculture in Mura Enim
26 34 63 67
Rubber intercrop with coffee in Musi Rawas
27 35 55 57
Rubber monoculture in Musi Rawas
24 30 60 64
Yield of coffee as rubber intercrops in Muara Enim and Musi RawasDistricts at different ages (kg/ha)
Cropping pattern 3 years 4 years 9 years 10 years
Coffee as rubber intercrop in Muara Enim
400 450 350 300
Coffee monoculture in Mura Enim
700 750 600 500
Coffee as rubber intercrop in Musi Rawas
550 600 400 350
Coffee monoculture in Musi Rawas 700 780 625 550
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Rubber yield under coffee-rubber intercropping system in Muara Enim and Musi Rawas districts(kg/ha)
Cropping patternRubber Production
(kg/ha/year, DRC 40%*)
9 year 10 year
Rubber intercrop with coffee in Muara Enim
700 (280) -
Rubber monoculture in Mura Enim 1100 (440) 1200 (480)
Rubber intercrop with coffee in MusiRawas
800 (320) 1000 (400)
Rubber monoculture in Musi Rawas 1200 (480) 1600 (640)
Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)
Muara Enim was 1.23
Musi Rawas was 1.35
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Muara Enim
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Musi Rawas
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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Coffee grown as rubber intercrop ------> rubber plants 10 years h the yield about 300 kg /ha in Muara Enim and about 350 kg /ha in Musi Rawas
Still used traditional technologies, i.e.: local plant material, there was no optimal plant spacing, and crop maintenance was insufficient
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RECOMMENDATIONS
IRR 118
IRR 39BPM 24
Adopting recommended rubber planting materials such as BPM 24, IRR 39 and IRR 118
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BP 534
BP 936
BP 939
For coffee, such as BP 534, BP 936 and BP 939, that are shade-tolerant when grown as rubber intercrop while maintaining high yield, i.e. more than 1.500 kg/ha
The plant spacing used for rubber is double rows of (16 m + 4 m) x 2.5 m giving a population of 400 trees /ha, or (14 m + 4 m) x 2.5 m giving a plant population of 440 trees/ha), or (12 m + 4 m) x 3 m with the plant population of 416 trees/ha.
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Optimum dose of fertilizer for each crop
High Productivity LER > 1.5
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