Washington takes the oath of office

Washington’s Presidency

• Received all electoral votes • Adams (Federalist) becomes Vice President• Remained “neutral” in politics (but actually,

supported Federalists)

Washington’s First Cabinet

• Alexander Hamilton-Treasury• Henry Knox- War• Edmond Randolph- Attorney General• Thomas Jefferson- State

• Tried to balance regions and viewpoints

• Rift develops between Hamilton and Jefferson

Hamilton’s Financial Program

• Washington supported• Tried to gain support of

the elite• Government should

assume public debt and state debt

• Taxes raised by a whiskey tax

• Create a National Bank to stabilize financial structure

Opposition to Federalist Program• Virginia protests

assuming state debts– Future capital is

moved to DC as compromise

• Small farmers protest taxes (Whiskey Rebellion)

• National Bank– “Loose” interpretation

of Constitution. troubled Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.

– Passed over protests

Tax collector is tarred and feathered

Beginnings of Political Parties

• Constitution does not mention parties• Washington opposed factions and parties• These early debates (National Bank and

Taxes) created allies and enemies– Two camps emerge

• Federalist• Republican (Anti-Federalist)

Securing the Frontier

• Northwest Ordinance inadequate– Land claims needed

to be addressed• Whiskey Rebellion in

Pennsylvania put down by federal government.

• North American lands barely mentioned in Constitution and not dealt with clearly

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Foreign Policies• Britain and France

engaged in war• American neutrality

declared– “Citizen Genet”– British impressment– Jay’s Treaty with Great

Britain (Federalist influenced)

– Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain (US can use the Mississippi)

Foreigner hanged in effigy

Pinckney’s Treaty

John Adams’ Presidency• Washington’s Farewell Address• One-term Federalist, elected in 1796 over

Jefferson (became VP)• Federalists were divided

The Quasi War with France

• XYZ Affair outrages Americans

• Undeclared naval warfare

• Eventually tensions cool

Alien and Sedition Acts

• Federalists attempt to quiet Republican opposition

• Alien Act– Harder for foreigners

(tended to be Republicans) to become citizens

• Sedition Act– Punished anti-

government activities (writings and otherwise)

Raising the alarm in Congress 1798

The “Revolution” of 1800• Bitter campaigns• Thomas Jefferson elected

after 36 counts• Republicans control

executive and legislative Branches

• Rematch from 1796• Federalist control the

judiciary– John Adams appoints

“midnight” judges

Today’s lesson makes the important point(s) that…

In the slide presentation today, …parenthetical statement…, makes the point(s) that…

When it comes to the topic of ...state the topic… , historians agree that…

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