Post on 25-Jun-2020
Cradle to Cradle Certified:
Multi-attribute Inventory, Assessment & Optimization
Cradle to CradleSM is a service mark of MBDC.
Presenter
Stacy Glass
Executive in Residence for the Built Environment
Cradle to Cradle Products
Innovation Institute
Agenda • Update on Cradle to Cradle and the
Institute
• Overview of Cradle to Cradle Certified Program
• Material health methodology
• Brief overview of other attributes
Cradle to Cradle
C2C is …
... a practice
… a design philosophy
… a quality standard
Imagine a World …
Where the concept of waste does not
exist
Where all materials
are healthy
and safe
That is 100%
cleanly, renewably powered
… Where consumption is a good thing
Emulating Natural Cycles
Biological Nutrients
Technical Nutrients
© 2010-2012 McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
0
+
- Eco-efficient = 0
Eco-effective = +
Eco-Effectiveness
Cradle to Cradle Certified Provides manufacturers a path to apply these concepts
to make safe, healthy, regenerative products.
Timeline
*MBDC – McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry
2005
MBDC* uses certification mark to denote achievement in Cradle to Cradle Design
2002
Published Cradle to Cradle Remaking the Way We Make Things
2010
Institute founded • Fundraising • Infrastructure
development • MBDC & EPEA
begin development of V3.0 protocol
2012
• Certification Standards Board created
• Additional assessor trained
• Institute launched V3.0
CertifiedCM Product Program
v.3
Why companies certify • Integration eco-effective vision as a differentiator and brand
enhancement • External verification of a product’s design for future use cycles,
safety to human and environmental health, and sustainable manufacturing processes
• Expert evaluations of product ingredients throughout the supply chain for toxicity hazards and risks in context of use
• Defined trajectory for optimizing product design and manufacturing processes
• Characterization and mitigation of potential environmental issues & risks
• Verified data and claims through third-party assessments to meet regulations or contribute to other certifications
Manufacturers with Certified Products
Cradle To Cradle Product Certification
Overview
Multi-attribute standard
Categories Based on Principles
Select safe and healthy materials
Eliminate the concept of waste
Power with abundant clean energy
Protect water as a precious resource
Respect human and natural systems
C2C Stages
© 2010-2012 McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Cradle to Cradle Certification of product or material
Inventory Assess Optimize
Designed for Continuous Improvement
Certification Process
18
4
C2C Products
Innova0on Ins0tute
Cer0fy Product
-‐ Review and verify Assessment Summary Report
-‐ Ensure signed TLA received
-‐ Ensure cer0fica0on fees received
-‐ Issue cer0ficate and rights to use cer0fica0on mark
-‐ Enter product into online registry
3
Accredited Assessor
Assess Product and Manufacturing
Process
-‐ Conduct site visit -‐ Conduct material assessment and process evalua0on based on Standard criteria
-‐ Submit Assessment Summary Report to C2CPII
2
Manufacturer,
Suppliers, Assessor
Compile Product Informa0on
-‐ Sign NDAs as needed -‐ Complete Bill of Materials, and other applica0on forms -‐ Register product with C2CPII
-‐ Begin Trademark License Agreement (TLA) process
1
Product
Manufacturer
Decide to Cer0fy Product
-‐ Review C2C principles, standard
-‐ Commit to op0miza0on
Select Accredited Assessor
-‐ See list on Ins0tute website
Accredited Assessors
Cradle To Cradle Product Certification
V3.0 Standard Criteria
Material Health
Design products that are safe and healthy for
humans and the environment from
production to use to reuse
Safe ingredients
perpetually cycled
Bill of Materials Part# Part
Description Parts per product
Generic Material
Exact Material Specification
Color/ Finish
Part Wt. (lbs)
Total wt (All
parts) Product Wt. (lbs.)
% of Total Wt
12345 Chair base 1 Aluminum 380 cast aluminum None 8 8 50 16
12346 Caster 5 Multiple 50
12346.1 Pintle 5 Steel 1010 steel Zinc plate 0.25 1.25 50 2.5
12346.2 Axle 5 Steel 1215 Steel None 0.1 0.5 50 1
12346.3 Wheel 10 Nylon Acme nylon 123 Black 0.075 0.75 50 1.5
12347 Pneumatic cylinder 1 Multiple 50
12347.1 Outer Tube 1 Steel 1008 steel Black 3.5 3.5 50 7
12347.2 Inner Tuber 1 Steel 1010 steel None 1.5 1.5 50 3
12347.3 Washer 2 Steel 1215 steel None 0.5 1 50 2
12347.4 Misc. pieces 2 Aluminum 6262 aluminum None 0.2 0.4 50 0.8
12347.5 Seal 2 Rubber Kraton xyz None 0.05 0.1 50 0.2
12347.6 End Cap 1 Acetal Delrin xyz None 0.15 0.15 50 0.3
12347.7 Grease 1 Lubricant Mobil super grease None 0.001 0.001 50 0.002
Product
Material
Chemical
Textile Seating Fabric
Fiber Dyes Auxiliaries
Complicated Supply Chains
Materials Subject to Review Each homogeneous material present at ≥ 0.01% (≥ 100 ppm) in the overall product is subject to further review Exceptions – Materials subject to review at any level (if the part each is relevant to is present at ≥ 0.01%):
• finishes (coatings, plating, paints)
• blowing agents
• textile auxiliaries / process chemicals
• paper bleaching agents
• plating chemistry
Chemical ingredients present at ≥ 0.01% (100 ppm) in each homogeneous material are subject to review The following chemical ingredients must be reported regardless of concentration level:
• Lead, mercury, chromium VI, cadmium, pigments, dyes and other colorants, phthalates, halogenated organics, scarce elements (i.e., indium, gold, diamond, etc.)
• Process chemicals relevant to materials subject to review -- Metal plating agents (i.e., chromium VI), textile auxiliaries, blowing agents, paper bleaching agents
Chemicals Subject to Review
No Banned List Chemicals
• Applies to intentional inputs >1000 ppm in each material (some exceptions)
• Lead, cadmium, PTFE, PAHs banned for use where exposure is highly likely to occur (e.g., paints, coatings, finishes on toys, other children’s products, jewelry)
• Two Banned Lists • Technological Nutrient List – allows for use of some
chemicals (e.g., lead, PTFE, PAHs) in materials where exposure is highly unlikely to occur
• Biological Nutrient List – additional compounds that should not be in the biosphere (lead, PTFE, PAHs)
• Applies to all certification levels
Version 3.0 Banned List Chemicals
PVC, PVDC, CPVC, polychloroprene
Metals: Arsenic, cadmium, chromium VI, Mercury, Lead* (Biological nutrient threshold = maximum background soil concentration)
Flame Retardants: HBCD, PBDEs, TBBPA, TDCPP
Phthalates: DEHP, BBP, DBP
Chlorinated hydrocarbons: chlorobenzenes, PCBs, short-chained chlorinated paraffins
Pentachlorophenol
Nonyl- and octylphenols, nonyl- and octylphenol ethoxylates
Organotins
PTFE* (Banned in TN’s if primary component of product or material)
PFOA, PFOS
PAHs*
*On the Biological Nutrient banned list but not the Technical Nutrient list
Material Assessment Ratings
Criterion Green Yellow Red Carcinogenicity Not known or suspected of being
carcinogenic Not classifiable as a human carcinogen Known or suspected carcinogen
Disruption of Endocrine System
Not known or suspected of being an endocrine disruptor
Listed as a known/suspected endocrine disruptor supported by peer reviewed science
Mutagenicity Product has been tested and is not mutagenic to eukaryotes
Product has been tested in prokaryotes only and is negative
Product has confirmed positive mutagenicity test(s)
Reproductive Toxicity
Not known or suspected of being a reproductive toxin Substance has positive test results or
is listed as a reproductive toxin Teratogenicity Not a known or suspected
teratogen Not teratogenic as long as MAK value observed
Positive teratogenic test results or listed as a known or suspected teratogen
Acute Toxicity (oral) Oral LD50 > 2000 mg/kg 2000 mg/kg > Oral LD50 >200 mg/kg Oral LD50 < 200 mg/kg
Acute Toxicity (inhalative) LC50 > 4000 mg/m3 4000 mg/m3 > LC50 > 400 mg/m3 LC50 < 400 mg/m3 Chronic Toxicity Low chronic toxicity (e.g., NOAEL
> 100 mg/kg) Moderate chronic toxicity High chronic toxicity Sensitization
Not sensitizing to skin or airways (either proven via experience or test)
Equivocal sensitization data Listed as a skin or airway sensitizer or has tested positive in sensitization test(s)
Irritation of Skin/Mucous membranes Mild or no irritation Mild to moderate irritation Severe irritation, risk of severe burns
or serious damage to eyes
Human Health Criteria
Environmental and Other Criteria Criterion Green Yellow Red Fish Toxicity LC50 > 100 mg/L (96 hr) 100 mg/L > LC50 > 10 mg/L LC50 < 10 mg/L Daphnia Toxicity LC50 > 100 mg/L (96 hr) 100 mg/L > LC50 > 10 mg/L LC50 < 10 mg/L Algae Toxicity EC50 > 100 mg/L (96 hr) 100 mg/L > EC50 > 10 mg/L EC50 < 10 mg/L Persistence/ Biodegradation
T1/2 < 10 days Readily biodegradable (based on OECD tests)
10 days < T1/2 < 30 days in air, 50 days in soil Ultimately biodegradable but not readily
Not biodegradable
Bioaccumulation BCF < 100 100 < BCF < 1000 BCF > 1000 Content of Halogenated Organic Compounds
Substance does not contain any organohalogens in concentrations > 0.01%
Substance contains organohalogens in concentrations > 0.01%
Content of Toxic Metals
Substance does not contain select toxic metals in concentrations > 0.01%
Substance contains select toxic metals in concentrations > 0.01%
Climatic Relevance/ Ozone Depletion
Not listed as a class 1 or 2 ozone depletor Listed as a class one or two ozone
depletor
Single Chemical Risk Assessment
Overall Risk Assessment for Material
Final ABC-X Assessment for Each Material
A/B
Recycled content (postconsumer recycled (PCR) or post-industrial (PI)) is highly defined to exact chemical composition and meets requirements of the A or B assessment rating
C Recycled content (PCR or PI) is highly defined to exact chemical composition and meets requirements of the C assessment rating OR recycled content meets the testing requirements as listed in section 3.4.2
Grey Cannot determine composition enough to generate an assessment rating √ Mixed and varied PCR Content √ Untreated PCR paper
X
PCR content shown to contain problematic chemistry Heavy Metals: Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, and Chromium VI 100-1000 ppm each (all material types) Organohalogens: Organohalogens > 100 ppm each
Banned PCR containing Banned List chemicals cannot be included in certified products
Material Ratings for Recycled Content
Example Material Assessment NYLON 6 Final
Material Assessment
The potential routes of exposure of carbon black as it exists in a polymeric material do not pose a risk to the user or recycler of the material. Therefore the red flag for this ingredient is changed to a yellow risk assessment as used in this material. While there is very little recycled content in this material, glass filled nylon 6 can be mechanically, or chemically recycled and therefore is positioned to be a true technical nutrient.
C
Ingredient Assessment Summary CAS# Function Concentration Hazard
(worst score) Exposure Single
Chemical Risk
25038-54-4 Base resin >63% Green Green Green 65997-17-3 Reinforcement 33% Yellow Yellow Yellow 822-16-2 Lubricant <1% Green Green Green 7758-02-3 Stabilizer <1% Yellow Yellow Yellow 7681-65-4 Stabilizer <1% Green Green Green 1333-86-4 Pigment <1% Red Yellow Yellow* Overall Chemical Risk for Material c (Yellow) Cyclability b (Green) !
Material Health Assessment Results
• Work with suppliers to complete inventory from 75% - 100%
• Commit to phasing out problematic chemicals
• Work towards 100% safe and healthy preferred chemicals
• Design products with preferred materials
Continuous Improvement
MATERIAL HEALTH Basic Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
No Banned List chemicals
Materials defined as biological or technical nutrient
100% "characterized" (all generic materials)
Strategy developed to optimize x-assesssed
At least 75% assessed by weight
At least 95% assessed by weight
No CMR chemicals
100% assessed by weight
Formulation optimized (100% positive chemistry)
Meets Cradle to Cradle emission standards
All process chemicals assessed and optimized
• Significant overlap in 25 hazard endpoints already exists • Most differences are due to combining data differently for
repor0ng purposes • Programs can share data gathering and make use of shared
assessment data without significant changes to either standard
Alignment between programs
38
&
Material Reutilization
Design to eliminate the concept of “waste” with intentional nutrient cycles to retain the full value of
the nutrient
100% recovery and upcycling
Material Reutilization Score
(% of the product considered recyclable or
compostable)
(% recycled or rapidly renewable
content) *2 +
3 x 100
Reutilization score is ≥ 35
Silver
Gold
Bronze
Platinum
Reutilization score is ≥ 50
Reutilization score is ≥ 65
Reutilization score is 100
Continuous Improvement
MATERIAL REUTILIZATION Basic Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
Defined the appropriate cycle (TN or BN)
Plan for product recovery and reutilization
Material (re)utilization score ≥ 35
Material (re)utilization score ≥ 50
Material (re)utilization score ≥ 65
Nutrient management strategy complete
Material (re)utilization score of 100
Product is actively being recovered and cycled
Renewable Energy & Carbon Management
A future powered by
renewable energy where manufacturers positively impact energy supply,
ecosystem balance, and keep carbon in soil
and vegetation
100%+ renewably powered
Continuous Improvement
RENEWABLE ENERGY & CARBON MANAGEMENT Basic Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
Quantify purchased electricity and on-site emissions
Renewable energy and carbon management strategy
5% of purchased electricity is renewable or offset
5% of direct on-site emissions are offset
50% of purchased electricity is renewable or offset
50% of direct on-site emissions are offset
>100% of purchased electricity is renewable or offset
>100% of direct on-site emissions are offset
≥ 5% of embodied energy from Cradle to Gate is covered by offsets or addressed + optimization strategy
Water Stewardship
Treat water as precious resource by encouraging effective management
and use strategies
Water out is cleaner than
the water coming in
Continuous Improvement
WATER STEWARDSHIP Basic Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
No discharge violations within the last two years · · · · ·
Local- and business water issues characterized · · · · ·
Stated intent to mitigate identified problems · · · · ·
A facility-wide water audit is completed · · · ·
Process chemicals in effluent are characterized and assessed
· · · or
Strategy for >20% of supply chain water issues
Process chemicals in effluent are optimized
· · or
Progress against Silver level strategy
Water leaving the facility = drinking water quality ·
Social Fairness
Responsible business operations and ethics for all stakeholders, including the supply chain and the
environment
A partner to all stakeholders
Continuous Improvement
SOCIAL FAIRNESS Basic Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
Conduct streamlined self-audit
Management plan to address identified issues
Social responsibility self-audit + positive impact strategy
Material specific audit/certification >25% of product
or Supply chain issues investigated and strategy developed or Conduct an innovative social project
Two of the Silver-Level requirements are complete
All three Silver-Level requirements are complete
Third-party facility-level audit is complete
Commitment to Continuous Improvement
• A good faith effort toward optimization
• Outline intentions and strategies
• Prioritize the phase-out of problematic materials
• Strive for higher levels of certification
• Progress evaluated for re-certification every two years
0%
Conclusion • Independent, transparent,
third-party program
• Rigorous, multi-attribute assessment
• Continuous improvement process
• A reference tool to select better products
www.c2ccertified.org