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CPS 111 – Introduction to Information Communication Technology

Lecture 3Week of 04/10/2010Lecturer: Fatou Jaiteh

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Homework rules

Homework is due by the end of the day on the due date listed (Hwk 1 due today)

Homework must be submitted directly to me Emails will not be accepted

Late homework will be worth 40% of the original grade

Once homework solutions are posted the homework will not be accepted

Homework solutions will be posted by end of day the day after the homework is due

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Assignment, quiz and test re grade requests

Must submit a write up including What you would like to be re graded

specifically Why you think your answer is correct

Please note that the whole assignment will be re graded, not specific problems

You must submit the re grade request within one week of the day the assignment was returned

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Today’s agenda

Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software

Cont. functions of personal computer Networks

Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse

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Quiz 1 – 19 points total

What 4 components contribute to your final grade and what are their respective percentage contributions (1 pt each – 8 pts total)?

List one classroom rule (2 pts) By when must your submit your group

project teams (2 pts)? Where can you find all slides, homework

and solutions and class announcements (2 pts)?

What are your expectations for this class (5 pts)?

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Quiz solutions – Question 1

Criteria Proportion Comment

Midterm examination 30%

Group Project 10% No more than 5 and no less than 3 students in the same group

Homework and Quizzes 10%

Final examination 50% No supplement examinations except with request and appropriate authorization

Total 100%

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Quiz solutions – Question 2 (Any of the following are accepted for full credit)

One person speaking at a time Listen to the speaker Food and drink consumed outside of

classroom Turn off or silence all mobile phones Treat the computer equipment with respect Ask questions and participate!

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Quiz solutions – Question 3, 4 and 5

You must submit your group project teams by the next class session (5/10/2010)

You can find all slides, homework and solutions and class announcements on the “class website” or http://sites.google.com/a/utg.edu.gm/cps-111-fall-2010/ or on one of the computers in computer lab 2 Outside of my office will receive half credit. You

CANNOT find slides or class announcements here

Any class expectations that you have and have listed will be accepted

Lets discuss some class expecations that were mentioned

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Today’s agenda

Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software

Cont. functions of personal computer Networks

Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse

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Computers range from the smallest PDAs to the largest CPU mainframes

Today’s computer systems come in a variety of sizes shapes and computing capabilities Mainframe Systems - Used to handle high

transaction processing volume or complex computational problem solving (e.g. major corporations and government agencies)

Midrange computers - Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the processing of many business applications. Often used to help manage larger Internet websites, corporate intranets and extranets and other networks

Microcomputers - Also called PCs (personal computers) and are available as hand-held, notebook, laptop, portable, desktop or floor-standing models

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There are hundreds of smaller components within a computer, but only a few major ones

Monitor Keyboard Mouse Cables Computer tower

Processor (CPU) Fan(s) Disk drive and/or floppy drive Hard drive RAM Motherboard

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Computers can be relatively easy to assemble

Plug computer tower and monitor to wall Connect monitor, keyboard and mouse to

computer tower Look for pictures on back of the tower to help

guide you to the correct connection location Verify that outlet is on and functional Take note of:

USB ports Headphone connection Network ports

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A computer is only a high powered “processing box” without peripherals

Peripherals is a generic name given to all: Input devices Output devices Secondary storage devices

Are separate from, but can be electronically connected to and controlled by, a CPU

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Input technologies now provide a more natural user interface

Keyboards are the most widely used devices for entering text and data

The electronic mouse is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen The computer interface displayed on

the computer screen is also known as the Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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It is increasingly more common to utilize multimedia forms of output

Video output Video monitors – Use a cathode ray tube

similar to that in used in a TV Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) – Used for

portable microcomputers such as laptops and PDAs

Printed output Inkjet printers – Spray ink onto a page Laser printers – Electronic process similar to

photocopying Audio output

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Data / information can be stored until needed using various storage devices

SemiconductorMemory

Magnetic Disks

Optical Disks

Magnetic Tape

Acce

ss S

peed

Incr

ease

s

Cost

per

Byt

e In

crea

ses

Stor

age

Capa

city

Dec

reas

es

Primary Storage(Main Memory)

Secondary Storage

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Data are processed and stored in a computer through binary representation

Data are processed and stored in a computer system through the presence or absence of electronic or magnetic signals This is called two-state or binary

representation The smallest element of data is

called a bit A byte is a basic grouping of bits

that the computer operates as a single unit

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There are two major types of computer software

Application software – Performs information processing tasks for end user Application specific programs General purpose application programs

System software – Manages and supports operations of computer systems and networks System management programs System development programs

The types of software you will encounter depend on the types of computer you use

and the tasks you want to accomplish

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The system and application software interface between the end users and computer hardware

End User

Application Software

System Software

Computer Hardware

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We can group system software into two major categories

System management programs manage the hardware, software, network, and data resources of computer systems during the execution or information processing jobs

System development programs help the users develop information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing

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The OS is the most indispensible component of the software interface between users and the hardware

Operating system controls the following: User interface – Allows you to

communicate with the OS (command-driven, menu-driven, GUI)

Resource management – Manage the hardware and networking resources

File management – Control the creation, deletion, location and access of files of data and programs

Task management – Manage the accomplishment of the computing tasks

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Today’s agenda

Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software

Cont. functions of personal computer Networks

Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse

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There is a wide spectrum of telecommunication based technologies available today

Telecommunications is the exchange of information in any form (voice, data, text, image, audio, video) over computer based networks Entertainment Information

Transactions Communications E.g. High-definition TV Distance

learning Cellular systems

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The networked enterprise

When computers are networked, two industries – computing and communications – converge, and the result is vastly more than the sum of the parts. Suddenly, computing applications become available for business-to-business coordination and commerce, and for small as well as large organizations. The global Internet creates a public place without geographic boundaries – cyberspace – where ordinary citizens can interact, publish their ideas, and engage in the purchase of goods and services. In short, the impact of both computing on our society and organizational structures is greatly magnified.

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Businesses have become networked enterprises

Systems which are being used to network business processes and employees together and connect them to their customer, suppliers and other business stakeholders: Internet Web Intranets Extranets

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What is the Internet?

The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure

It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet

Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols

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The Internet has become the largest and most important network today

The explosive growth of the Internet is a revolutionary phenomenon in computing and telecommunications

Thousands of business, educational, and research networks now connect millions of computer systems

The Internet does not have a central computer system. Instead each message sent has a unique address code so any Internet server in the network can forward it to its destination No headquarters - International advisory and

standards groups of individual and corporate members promote use of the Internet and the development of new communications standards

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What is the Web (World Wide Web)?

The Web is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet

An information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet

The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data

Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information

The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks

Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video

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The Web is just one of the ways that information can be disseminated over the Internet

The Internet, not the Web, is also used for e-mail, which relies on SMTP, Usenet news groups, instant messaging and FTP

The Web is just a portion of the Internet, albeit a large portion, but the two terms are not synonymous but are often confused and used interchangeably  

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The World Wide Web is one of the most popular Internet applications

The most popular Internet applications are e-mail, instant messaging, browsing sites on the Web, and participating in newsgroups and chat rooms

You can make online searches for information at websites using search engines such as Google and Yahoo!

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What business value do companies derive from their business applications on the Internet?

Generate new revenue from online sales

Reduce costs of doing business Develop new web-based products Increase customer loyalty and

retention Attract new customers Develop new markets and channels

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Many companies feel that investing in the intranet is as fundamental as supplying an employee with a phone

A network inside of an organization that uses Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the enterprise Information sharing Communication Collaboration Support of business processes

Is protected by passwords and encryption and can only be accessed by authorized users via the Internet

Business value Collaboration and communication Web publishing Business operations and management

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As companies continue to use extranets they are able to gain many competitive advantages along the way

Extranets are network links that use Internet technologies to interconnect the intranet of a business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers or other business partners

Business value Speed and ease of access to intranet resources Enables a company to offer new kinds of

interactive web-based services to their customers

Improved collaboration

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It is important to understand some important characteristics and basic components of telecommunications

Network Alternative Examples of Alternatives

NetworksInternet, intranet, extranet, wide area, local area, client/server, peer-to-peer

MediaTwisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics, comm. Satellites, wireless, LAN

ProcessorsModems, multiplexers, routers, switches, hubs

SoftwareNetwork operating systems, web browsers, telecommunications monitors

ChannelsAnalog/digital, switched/nonswitched, bandwidth alternatives

Topology/architectureStar, ring, and bus topologies, OSI and TCP.IP architecture and protocols

Key telecommunications components and alternatives

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The basic components of a telecommunications network

1. Terminal2. Telecommunications processors3. Telecommunications channels4. Computers5. Telecommunications control

software

PC, NC, Other

Terminals

Processor Processor

Computers

Software

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1

2 2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

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Different types of networks serve as the telecommunications infrastructure for the Internet, intranets, and extranet

WAN (Wide area networks): Connecting a large geographic area such as a city

LAN (Local area network): Connect within a limited physical area such as an office

VPN (Virtual private network): A secure network that uses the Internet to connect participating organizations

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Note how the LAN allows users to share hardware, software and data resources

PC Workstation

PC Workstation

PC Workstation

PC Workstation

PC Workstation

PC Workstation

Network Server

Internetwork Processor to

Other Networks

Shared Printer

Shared Databases

and Software Packages

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Different types of networks serve as the telecommunications infrastructure for the Internet, intranets, and extranet

Client/server: Client computers (end user PC) are interconnected by LANs and share application processing with network servers, which also manage the networks Have become the predominant

information architecture of enterprise wide computing

Peer-to-peer networking: The file-sharing software in the P2P network connects your PC with one of the online users in the network

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Telecommunications channels make use of a variety of telecommunications media

Twisted-pair wire: Ordinary telephone wire, consisting of copper wire twisted into pairs in the most widely used medium for telecommunications

Coaxial cable: Are you in high-service metropolitan areas and many office buildings for LANs

Fiber optics: Cables consisting of one or more hair-this filaments of glass fiber wrapped in a protective jacket About 100 times greater that coaxial cables

and 1,000 times better than twisted-pair wire

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Wireless telecommunications transport digital communications without wires between communication devices

Rely on radio wave, microwave, infrared, and visible light pulses to transport digital communications Terrestrial microwave Communications satellites Cellular and pcs systems Wireless LANs The wireless web

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The wireless application protocol (WAP) architecture for wireless Internet services to mobile appliances

FilterSoftware

WebServer

Mobile Information Appliance (e.g. PDA)

Proxy Software

Foundation of wireless mobile Internet and Web applications

HTML or XML

WML

Wireless Access

Protocol

Wireless Communication

Tower

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Processors perform a variety of support functions between computers and other devices

Modems: Convert digital signal from a computer or transmission terminal at one end of a communications link to analog frequencies that can be transmitted over telephone lines A modem at the other end converts the

transmitted data back into digital form Most common type of communications

processor

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Networks are interconnected by special-purpose communications processors

Internetwork processors: Switches: Communications processor

that makes a connections between telecommunication circuits and networks

Routers: Interconnects networks based on different rules so a message can be routed to its destination

Hubs: Port (connection for shared access to networks resources) switching communications processor

Gateways: Connect networks that use different communications architecture

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Network management software monitors and manages network performance

Major network management functions: Traffic management Security Network monitoring Capacity planning

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Trends in telecommunications

Toward more competitive vendors, carriers, alliances and network services, accelerated be deregulation and the growth of the Internet and the WWW

Industry

Toward extensive use of Internet, digital fiber-optics, and wireless technologies to create high-speed local and global Internetworks for voice, data, images and video communications

Technology

Toward the pervasive use on the Internet, enterprise intranets, and inter organizational extranets to support electronic business and commerce, enterprise collaboration, and strategic advantage in local and global markets

Application

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Today’s agenda

Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software

Cont. functions of personal computer Networks

Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse

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The desktop environment may change depending on which OS is used

In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE) commonly refers to a style of GUI that is based on the desktop metaphor (seen on most modern PCs)

Computer Desktop using Microsoft Windows 2007 Starter Operating System

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 DEs are designed to assist in accessing/configuring the most important or commonly used features

 A desktop environment typically consists of: Icons Taskbar Windows Folders Wallpapers Shortcuts Desktop widgets Toolbars

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

An icon is a small pictogram which may represent a file, folder, application or device on a computer operating system

A taskbar is a bar displayed on a full edge of a GUI desktop that is used to launch and monitor running applications

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1

2

2

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

A window is a visual area containing some kind of user interface. It usually has a rectangular shape It displays the output of, and may allow input to, one or

more processes

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

Folder, directory, catalog, or drawer, in computing, is a virtual container within a digital file system, in which groups of computer files and other folders can be kept and organized

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

Wallpaper (also desktop picture and desktop background) is an image used as a background on a computer screen, usually for the desktop of a graphical user interface

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

Desktop widgets are interactive virtual tools that provide single-purpose services E.g. current weather, the time, a calendar, etc.

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

A computer shortcut is a small file containing a target URI or the name of a target program file that the shortcut represents A path between two points that is faster than the

commonly used paths

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS

A toolbar is a GUI widget on which onscreen buttons, icons, menus or other input or output elements are placed

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Today’s agenda

Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software

Cont. functions of personal computer Networks

Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse

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Keyboards are the most widely used devices for entering text and data

How can you control your computer? How can you tell it what you want to do now?

You have to give it your command You deliver your command through the

use of input devices Keyboard Mouse Touch pad Etc.

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There are several different groups of keys on a standard keyboard (QWERTY layout)

Special Keys Arrow Keys

Number Pad

Additional Keys

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The home row of the keyboard is the most important to the touch-typist

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Practice activity 1

Find F and J on the keyboard Do you feel the small raised bump

under each index finger? Which number on the numeric pad

contains the small raised bump? Close your eyes Find the F and J keys

Did you put your fingers on the home row keys correctly?

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Practice activity 2

Open a new Microsoft Word Place your fingers correctly on the home

keys Please type the following three times

each (use spaces appropriately): asdfg hjkl; ;lkjh gfdsa Ah had a lag Slag had ah flag;

For additional practice before the next class please reference: http://www.typeonline.co.uk/lesson1.html

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Keyboard shortcut keys allow the user to navigate a computer more quickly

A keyboard shortcut or hotkey is a finite set of one or more keys that invoke a software or operating system operation when triggered by the user http://

www.computerhope.com/shortcut.htm

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Ten useful shortcut keys to memorize

1. Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy the highlighted text or selected item

2. Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste the text or object that's in the clipboard

3. Ctrl + Z and Ctrl + Y: Undo any change. Pressing Ctrl + Y would re-do the undo

4. Ctrl + F: Open the Find in any program5. Alt + Tab or Alt + Esc: Quickly switch between open

programs6. F1: Open help for the program you're in7. Ctrl + P: Print what's currently being viewed in

programs such as Microsoft Word or your Internet browser

8. Ctrl + Left arrow / Right arrow: Move the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time

9. Ctrl + Home / End: Move the cursor to the beginning or end of a document.

10. Page Up / Space bar and Page Down: Move that page one page at a time in that direction

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Practice activity 3

In the Microsoft Word document that you have open: Type you name Highlight your name Select Ctrl + C at the same time Select a new spot on the document Select Ctrl + V at the same time

What happens?

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Practice activity 4

Select Ctrl + F Select F1 on the keyboard Select Alt + Tab on the keyboard Close out of all open windows and

programs

What function do each of these shortcut keys perform?

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Keyboard symbols (1 of 5)

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Keyboard symbols (2 of 5)

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Keyboard symbols (3 of 5)

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Keyboard symbols (4 of 5)

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Keyboard symbols (5 of 5)

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Emoticons (1 of 4)

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Emoticons (2 of 4)

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Emoticons (3 of 4)

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Emoticons (4 of 4)

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Today’s agenda

Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software

Cont. functions of personal computer Networks

Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse

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The electronic mouse is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen

What is a mouse? A hand held pointing device

An arrow is displayed on the screen which is called a pointer

Performs four basic functions: Pointing Clicking (right and left) Double clicking Click and drag

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When using the term “click” it assumed to reference the right click functionality

When working with icons Right Click (Click) Select Left Click Icon options/management Double-click Open

When working with buttons Click Open

Click and drag Move (icons) – pointer on icon, then click and

hold Multiple selection – pointer on blank space,

draw a rectangle to cover icons

When using the term “click” it assumed to reference the right click functionality

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Pop quiz!

What are the four functions of a mouse?

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Practice activity 1

Grasp the mouse firmly on both sides using the thumb and fourth or little finger and by cupping it in the palm of your hand

Lay the mouse on a flat surface bracing it with the palm of your hand

Rest the index finger over the left button and the middle finger over the right button

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Practice activity 2

The pointer will be pointing up and to the left

Practice moving the mouse to the recycle bin and then holding it over the icon

Move your hand in a arc What happens if you lift your mouse off

the table? Look at the bottom of the mouse. What do

you see?

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Practice activity 3

Place your right/left hand toward the edge of the table. Curl the middle, fourth and little finger slightly under so that the index finger is pointed

Practice “clicking”: Tap your index finger once on the table

Practice “double-clicking”: Tap your index finger twice on the table

Now practice this same exercise using the mouse

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Practice activity 4

Click on the start button (bottom left of the screen)

Move the mouse away from the Start Menu and click once on a blank space on the desktop. What happens?

Click once on the My Computer icon on the desktop. Do you see that the color changes?

Click once on a blank space on the desktop. What happens to the color of the My Computer icon?

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Practice activity 5

Move the mouse to the My Computer icon Double-click to open the icon Move the mouse to My Documents icon Double-click to open the icon Close the windows by clicking on the X

within the small red box in the upper right hand corner of the window

Move the mouse back to the My Documents icon

Left-click on the icon. What happens?

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Any comments or questions?

Homework due by end of day today Must give to me directly

Homework solutions will be available tomorrow On class website In CPS 111 folder in computer lab 2

Turn in group project teams to me today

Next class topic: Improving typing ability Quiz 2 Hwk 2 assigned

Be sure to sign in

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Appendix

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Currently the following 8 lab sections are available

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Momodou Sanyang9:00AM - 12:00PM

Fatou Jaiteh9:00AM - 12:00PM

Lamarana Jallow

9:00AM - 12:00PM

Acquah Hackman9:00AM - 12:00PM

Acquah Hackman9:00AM - 12:00PMFatou Jaiteh

2:30PM - 5:30PM

Lamarana Jallow

1:00PM - 4:00PM

Momodou Sanyang2:30PM - 5:30PM

All sections are held in Lab 2 – Please attend only ONE section

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Contact information

Fatou Jaiteh – fjaiteh@utg.edu.gm Miss Fatou or Fatou Jaiteh

Office hours Tuesday: 12PM–1:30PM & 5PM–6PM Location: My office (shared with Kathy

Lewis) Please contact me after class to

schedule individual office hours

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Class website

All slides, homework, homework solutions and announcements will be available on the class website at the following location:http://sites.google.com/a/

utg.edu.gm/cps-111-fall-2010/