Covalent Covalent BondsBonds

Ionic Bonds ReviewIonic Bonds Review

•Valence electrons are given or taken

•Metals and nonmetals only! (Polyatomic ions)

•Form ions (charged particles)

Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds

•Share valence electrons•Follow octet rule—8 valence electrons

•Nonmetals and nonmetals•No ions•Number of valence electrons needed is the # of bonds formed

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds•Rule #1–Element with lower group number is written first–Example: Oxygen & Carbon

Phosphorus & Sulfur

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Exception to Rule #1–When compound contains oxygen and a halogen, name of halogen is first.–Example: Oxygen & Fluorine Bromine & Oxygen

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Rule #2–If both elements are in same group, element with higher period number is listed first.–Example: Selenium & Sulfur Nitrogen & Phosphorus

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Rule #3–The second element in the name is named as if it were an anion. That is, drop the last part of the element name and add “ide”

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Rule #4–Greek prefixes are added to each element name to indicate the number of atoms of each in the compound.

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Greek Prefixes–Mono one–Di two–Tri three–Tetra four–Penta five

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Greek Prefixes (cont.)–Hexa six–Hepta seven–Octa eight–Nona nine–Deca ten

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Exception to rule #4–If compound contains one atom of the element that is written first, mono is NOT used–CO—carbon monoxide NOT monocarbon monoxide

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Help with spelling:–When the addition of Greek prefix causes an “a” and an “o” to be adjacent to one another, the vowel at the end of the Greek prefix is usually dropped.

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds

•Help with spelling:–Example: nonaoxide—nonoxide monooxide—monoxide

Naming Covalent Naming Covalent CompoundsCompounds•More help with spelling:–The “i” at the end of di- and tri- is NEVER dropped.

Practice: Name these:Practice: Name these:

1. NF₃2. ClO₂3. P₄S₁₀4. CS₂5. BrF₃

Answers:

1. Nitrogen trifluoride2. Chlorine dioxide3. Tetraphosphorus

decasulfide4. Carbon disulfide5. Bromine trifluoride

Practice: Write formulas:Practice: Write formulas:

1. Disulfur decafluoride2. Sulfur dioxide3. Iodine monochloride4. Antimony trichloride5. Phosphorus

pentafluoride

Answers:

1. S₂F₁₀2. SO₂3. ICl4. SbCl₃5. PF₅