Post on 27-Feb-2021
CORONAVIRUS ATTITUDE TRACKER SURVEY PAKISTAN
Wave 8 Results
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: PERCEPTIONS OF THREAT FROM COVID-19
SECTION II: PUBLIC OPINION ON GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
SECTION III: SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO THE OUTBREAK OF COVID-19
SECTION IV: PUBLIC PERCEPTION REGARDING EDUCATION RELATED ACTIVITIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
SECTION V: ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK ON HOUSEHOLDS
KEY FINDINGS 1. COVID IS GONE , JOB DONE
Sweeping majority close to 75% feel COVID-19 is now under control implying that fear has subsided and need forcontinued precautions is superfluous. In the 8 waves tracking this is the first time that more people disagree that they feargetting COVID-19!
2. FOREIGN, FUTILE AND FAKE (3F’S OF COVID 19)
COVID-19 cases trajectory in Pakistan and lifting of lockdown has made Pakistani public very suspicious. More than half of
the population (55%) claims to take precautions despite being unsure if the virus is real. Highest proportion of such people
are from KP and are under the age of 30. Nearly 45% think that the virus is laboratory-made and spread around the world
on purpose. This suspicion is most common among respondents under the age of 30 and is least common among
respondents from Balochistan. As per results from September, 46% Pakistanis consider the virus a conspiracy, which is an
improvement from 55% in August. Perhaps, suspicions fell slightly owing to the increased awareness about the virus and
renewed fears of a second wave as well as perhaps personal exposure to increasing people who are falling
sick. Nonetheless, these suspicions could erode trust in government and health interventions by government and
international organisations in a significant manner and must be carefully dealt with. Policymakers need to work on
Communication Strategy that addresses the Foreign, Fake, Futile (3 Fs) that population feels with respect to COVID-19. This
is crucial also for future COVID-19 lockdowns if needed as well as mass vaccinations if required from international
community.3
Younger you are the more suspicious and conspiracy prone
An alarming development is that younger people under the age of 30 are significantly more likely to believe thatCOVID is a foreign conspiracy. This is problematic because this age groups represents a significant proportion ofpopulation owing to median age being 21 in Pakistan as well as the fact that young people have significantly largermobility and therefore the probability of infecting people if not following SOPS
3. COVID-19 AND THE GOVERNMENT IN PAKISTAN: GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO BE THE ONLYWINNER IN THIS UNFORTUNATE BATTLE OF LIFE AND DEATH
Suspicion about the number of cases reported by government has risen slightly. While 61% people believed theaccuracy of the numbers in August, that percentage has since fallen to 55% in September. Gallup Pakistaninterprets that an even larger number of Pakistan are now suspicious that the numbers reported by thegovernment are an exaggeration. This is a dangerous turn of events because in event of a second wave it would beharder to convince people of the gravity of the situation.
Overall however, federal government enjoys support as majority (70%) Pakistanis believe that the government ishandling the corona virus situation well. It is imperative however to note that support for the federal government interms of tackling the virus is high in all provinces except for Balochistan, where the proportion of people who thinkthe federal government is doing well has fallen from 76% in August to 52% in September - a 24% fall. While PTI’sgovernment has received international praise for its handling of the COVID crisis, shifts in the political arena as thecrisis subsides would remain to be noted.
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KEY FINDINGS
4. Economic devastation continues and after brief lull Gallup finds economic indicators to bedeteriorating again
While government continues to enjoy support, economic impact of the virus on household remains immense.
85% Pakistanis report a fall in their household incomes since the spread of the virus.
Since August, there have been slight increase in proportion of households that had to rely on alternate fooditems to cover needs, had to borrow food or seek help from relatives or had to sell assets. Alternatively,reliance on savings seems to have reduced from 19% in April to 6% in September, indicating a 13% fall.
In light of these results, our takeaway is that a long-term plan should be in place so that such shocks do notimpact households severely.
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KEY FINDINGS
SECTION I:
PERCEPTIONS OF THREAT FROM
COVID-19
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Question: To what extent do you agree/disagree that the threat of Coronavirus is being exaggerated?
2 in 3 PAKISTANIS (67%) CONSIDER THE THREAT FROM CORONAVIRUS TO BE EXAGGERATED, COMPARED TO 70% IN AUGUST
62% 62%
49%
63%
55%
70%Agree, 66%
35% 38%45%
33%
41%
26%
Disagree, 21%
Wave 1,March
Wave 3,April
Wave 4,April
Wave 5,May
Wave 6,June
Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Trend Analysis
Agree, 66%
Disagree, 21%
DK / NR, 13%
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
8
SINCE WAVE 7, 6% FALL AMONG FEMALES AND 5% AMONG RURAL RESIDENTS WHO AGREE THAT THE CORONAVIRUS THREAT IS EXAGGERATED
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
41%
58%
66%
55%
71% 68%65%
74% 74%
65%70%
64%
39%
57%
37%43%
63%57%54%
79%
43% 40%
65%
85%
Wave 1,March
Wave 3, April Wave 5, May Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Provincial Trend
Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan
51%59%
71% 68% 67%
43%
67%
54%
71%65%
Wave 1,March
Wave 3,April
Wave 5,May
Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Gender Trend
Male Female
69% 70%
57%
69% 69%59% 60%
54%
70%65%
Wave 3, April Wave 5, May Wave 6, June Wave 7, July/August Wave 8, September
Urban-Rural Trend
Urban Rural
Question: To what extent do you agree/disagree that the threat of Coronavirus is being exaggerated?
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Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “I am afraid that myself and someone in my household will be
infected by coronavirus”
COMPARED TO 64% IN JUNE, FEWER PAKISTANIS (42%) NOW FEAR INFECTION FROM THE CORONAVIRUS, in the 8 waves tracking this is the first time that more people disagree that
they fear getting covid 19!
61%66%
60% 60%64%
42%36%
31%
40% 38% 35%
51%
Wave 1,March
Wave 2,April
Wave 3,April
Wave 4,April
Wave 6,June
Wave 8,September
Trend Analysis
Agree Disagree
Agree, 42%
Disagree, 51%
DK / NR, 7%
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
10
Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘I think Coronavirus is a foreign conspiracy’
SINCE JULY, 9% FALL IN PROPORTION OF PAKISTANIS WHO BELIEVE THAT THE CORONAVIRUS IS A FOREIGN CONSPIRACY
23%
55%
Agree, 46%
72%
33%Disagree,
37%
Wave 1, March Wave 7, July/August Wave 8, September
Trend Analysis
Agree, 46%Disagree, 37%
DK / NR, 17%
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
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47%40%
13%
46%
35%
19%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Urban-Rural
Urban Rural
49%
36%
15%
48%39%
13%
35%43%
22%
41%
20%
39%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Provincial Breakdown
Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan
46%
37%
17%
46%
37%
17%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Gender Breakdown
Male Female
51%
35%
14%
43%37%
20%
36%
48%
16%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Age BreakdownUnder 30 30 to 50 50+
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
RESPONDENTS FROM PUNJAB (49%) AND THOSE UNDER 30 (51%) ARE MOST LIKELY TO CONSIDER CORONAVIRUS A FOREIGN CONSPIRACY
Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘I think Coronavirus is a foreign conspiracy’
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Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘I think Corona is laboratory-made virus spread in the world
on purpose’
45% PAKISTANIS OPINE THAT CORONAVIRUS IS LABORATORY-MADE VIRUS AND IS SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD ON PURPOSE
54%
Agree, 45%
31%Disagree, 35%
15%DK/NR, 20%
August, Wave 7 September, Wave 8
Trend Analysis
Agree Disagree DK/NR
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
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47%
38%
15%
44%
33%
23%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Urban-Rural
Urban Rural
47%
35%
18%
48%
34%
18%
31%
42%
27%
46%
22%
32%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Provincial Breakdown
Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan
45%
34%
21%
45%
36%
19%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Gender Breakdown
Male Female
52%
32%
16%
41%36%
23%
32%
45%
23%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Age BreakdownUnder 30 30 to 50 50+
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
RESPONDENTS UNDER THE AGE OF 30 (52%) ARE MOST LIKELY TO CLAIM THE CORONAVIRUS IS LABORATORY-MADE AND SPREAD IN THE WORLD ON PURPOSE
Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘I think Corona is laboratory-made virus spread in the world
on purpose’
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Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘Although I do take precautions, I am not 100% sure whether
Coronavirus is real’
NEARLY 1 IN 2 PAKISTANIS SAY THAT ALTHOUGH THEY TAKE PRECAUTIONS, THEY ARE UNSURE IF CORONAVIRUS IS REAL
Agree, 54%
Disagree, 35%
DK/NR, 11%
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
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52%
40%
8%
55%
32%
13%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Urban-Rural
Urban Rural
56%
35%
9%
48%39%
13%
58%
26%16%
49%
32%19%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Provincial Breakdown
Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan
54%
34%
12%
55%
35%
10%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Gender Breakdown
Male Female
58%
33%
9%
51%
37%
12%
53%
33%
14%
Agree Disagree DK / NR
Age BreakdownUnder 30 30 to 50 50+
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
HIGHEST PROPORTION OF RESPONDENTS UNDER 30 (58%) AND FROM KP (58%) WERE LIKELY TO SAY THAT ALTHOUGH THEY ARE TAKING PRECAUTIONS, THEY ARE NOT SURE IF CORONAVIRUS IS REAL
Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘Although I do take precautions, I am not 100% sure whether
Coronavirus is real’
Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘I think the Coronavirus pandemic is now under control’
WITH A 28% RISE SINCE JUNE, NEARLY 3 IN 4 PAKISTANIS NOW AGREE THAT THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC IS UNDER CONTROL
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
42%
32%
9% 10%7%
StronglyAgree
Agree Disagree StronglyDisagree
DK/NR
All
47%
79% Agree, 75%
45%
15%
Disagree, 19%
Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Trend Analysis
17
Question: Do you personally know anyone who has tested positive for COVID-19?
1 IN 5 (19%) PAKISTANIS CLAIM TO PERSONALLY KNOW SOMEONE WHO TESTED POSITIVE FOR COVID-19
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
21%
Agree, 19%
79%
Disagree, 77%
Wave 7, July/August Wave 8, September
Trend Analysis
SECTION II:
PUBLIC OPINION ON GOVERNMENT
RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Question: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements: ‘I believe the number of Coronavirus cases being
reported by the government are accurate’
3 IN 10 PAKISTANIS CONTINUE TO BE SKEPTICAL ABOUT THE NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES BEING REPORTED BY THE GOVERNMENT
57%61%
55%
32% 33% 30%
Wave 6, June Wave 7, July/August Wave 8, September
ALL PAKISTAN
Agree Disagree
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
Question: To what extent do you agree/disagree that the Federal Government of Pakistan is controlling the Coronavirus situation very well?
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO ENJOY UNUSUAL LEVELS OF POPULATION SUPPORT WITH RESPECT TO ITS COVID-19 PERFORMANCE : support is across the political divide , showing that people
make a distinction in economic/ social/political and health related interventions by the Fed Govt (praising on health and giving negative marks on economy/social and political performance)
60%
77%82%
67% 69% Agree, 70%
37%
18% 18%
28% 28%
Disagree, 20%
Wave 1,March
Wave 2, April Wave 3, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Trend Analysis
Agree, 70%
Disagree, 20%
DK/NR, 10%
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
21
SINCE AUGUST, 24% FALL AMONG RESPONDENTS FROM BALOCHISTAN WHO AGREE THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS CONTROLLING THE CORONAVIRUS SITUATION WELL
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
78%
87%83%
64% 69%Punjab, 70%
71%
83%
75%
62%
Sindh, 68%
89%
80%
79%
64%
KP, 77%
54%
84%
93%
76%
Balochistan, 52%
Wave 1, March Wave 3, April Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Provincial Trend
70%
77% 78%
65%68%
Male, 74%
84%87%
85%
69%71%
Female, 65%
Wave 1,March
Wave 3, AprilWave 4, AprilWave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Gender Trend
Question: To what extent do you agree/disagree that the Federal Government of Pakistan is controlling the Coronavirus situation very well?
78% 77%
61%67%
Urban, 71%
83% 83%
70% 70%
Rural, 69%
Wave 3, April Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Urban Rural Trend
SECTION III:
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO THE
OUTBREAK OF COVID-19
23
SINCE WAVE 5, A STEADY RISE IN THE PROPORTION OF PAKISTANIS OBSERVED WHO REPORT A MALE FAMILY MEMBER OFFERING JUMMAH IN A MOSQUE. 78% REPORTED THE SAME IN SEPTEMBER
Yes78%
No16%
DK/NR6%
All
Question: Did any male member of your household go for Friday prayers last Friday?
52%
29%34%
51%
65%
77% Yes, 78%
48%
71%66%
49%
35%
21%
No, 16%
Wave 2, April Wave 3, April Wave 4, April Wave 5, May Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
Trend Analysis
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
SECTION V:
COVID-19 AND ECONOMIC IMPACT ON
HOUSEHOLDS
25
Question: How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - My household income has decreased since COVID-19 started’
A SIGNIFICANT MAJORITY OF PAKISTANIS (85%) CONTINUE TO CLAIM THAT THEIRHOUSEHOLD INCOME HAS DECREASED SINCE THE SPREAD OF THE CORONAVIRUS
PANDEMIC IN PAKISTAN, A TREND CONSISTENT WITH EARLIER TWO WAVES
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
88% 84% 85%
12% 16% 14%
Wave 6, June Wave 7, July/August Wave 8, September
TREND
Agree Disagree
26
11% 3% 11%
73%
10% 3% 7%
78%
Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
Gender Breakdown
Male Female
11% 4% 10%
72%
10% 3% 9%
77%
7% 2% 7%
82%
Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
Age Breakdown
Under 30 30 – 50 50+
RESPONDENTS FROM PUNJAB (77%) AND THOSE AGED 51+ (82%) MOST LIKELY TO SAY THAT THEIR HOUSEHOLD INCOME HAS FALLEN SINCE THE START OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
10% 4%14%
71%
10% 3% 7%
78%
Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
Urban-Rural BreakdownUrban Rural
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
10%2%
9%
77%
12%4% 10%
74%
12%3%
10%
72%
4%14%
7%
71%
Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree
Provincial Breakdown
Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan
Question: How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - My household income has decreased since COVID-19 started
27
AFTER HAVING REDUCED FROM A PEAK OF 26% IN JUNE,SLIGHT RISE (3%) IN PROPORTION OF PAKISTANIS WHO CLAIM TO HAVE REDUCED THE NUMBER OR SIZE OF MEALS FOR
SOME FAMILY MEMBERS TO COVER THEIR HOUSEHOLD'S BASIC NEEDS
23%26%
9%12%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
Question: In the past 7 days, did you ‘Reduced the number or size of meals for some household members’ to cover your household's basic
needs? (only reporting percentage of people who agreed)
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
14.4 Million Adults
3.8 Million Households
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the below national numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
28
After having come down from a peak of 22% in June, rising by 6% from August 2020 level , 16% Pakistanis say they are RELYING ON LESS PREFERRED OR INEXPENSIVE FOOD ITEMS TO COVER
BASIC HOUSEHOLD NEEDS IN THE PAST 7 DAYS
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
19.2 Million Adults
5.1 Million Households
Question: In the past 7 days, did you ‘Rely on less preferred and less expensive foods’ to cover your household's basic needs?
(only reporting percentage of people who agreed)
23% 22%
10%
16%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
29
SINCE AUGUST, PROPORTION OF PAKISTANIS WHO SAY THEY HAVE BORROWED FOOD OR ASKED FOR HELP FROM A FRIEND OR RELATIVE IN THE PAST 7 DAYS TO COVER THEIR HOUSEHOLD’S BASIC NEEDS
HAS NEARLY DOUBLED
20%18%
11%
21%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
25.2 Million Adults
6.7 Million Households
Question: In the past 7 days, did you ‘Borrow food or ask for help from a friend or relative’ to cover your household's basic needs?
(only reporting percentage of people who agreed)
30
DECLINING NUMBER OF PEOPLE ARE SAYING THEY ARE LEANING ON THEIR SAVING PERHAPS SHOWING THAT SAVINGS ARE ALREADY RUN OUT
19%
15%
10%
6%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
Question: In the past 7 days, did you ‘Use cash or bank savings’ to cover your household's basic needs?
(only reporting percentage of people who agreed)
7.2 Million Adults
1.9 Million Households
31
11% PAKISTANIS STILL REPORT HAVING STARTED TO LOOK FOR WAYS TO EARN ADDITIONAL MONEY TO COVER THEIR HOUSEHOLD'S BASIC NEEDS
10%
16%
11% 11%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
Question: In the past 7 days, did you ‘Look for ways to earn additional money (e.g. work more hours, do an occasional job etc.)’ to cover your
household's basic needs? (only reporting percentage of people who agreed)
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
13.2 Million Adults
3.5 Million Households
32
A SMALL 1% RISE IN PEOPLE WHO SAY THEY ARE RELYING ON OUTSIDE HELP SURVIVE SINCE AUGUST 2020
10%9%
3%4%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
Question: In the past 7 days, did ‘rely on government or NGO assistance to cover your household's basic needs?
(only reporting percentage of people who agreed)
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
4.8 Million Adults
1.3 MillionHouseholds
33
2% RISE IN PEOPLE WHO ARE REPORTING SELLING ASSETS TO SURVIVE
6%7%
5%
7%
Wave 4, April Wave 6, June Wave 7,July/August
Wave 8,September
All
Question: In the past 7 days, did you ‘Sell assets’ to cover your household's basic needs?
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
8.4 Million Adults
2.2 Million Households
34
GALLUP INDEX OF ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY AND WELL BEING KEY FINDING
Source: Gallup Pakistan Coronavirus Attitude Tracker Survey 2020, Wave 8
Gallup’s Index of Economic Vulnerability and Well being is measured through following questions. In the past 7 days, have you…
Index 1 : ‘Reduced the number or size of meals for some household members’ to cover your household's basic needs?Index 2 : ‘Relied on less preferred and less expensive foods’ to cover your household's basic needs? Index 3 : ‘Borrowed food or ask for help from a friend or relative’ to cover your household's basic needs?Index 4 : ‘Used cash or bank savings to cover your household's basic needs?Index 5 : ‘Looked for ways to earn additional money (e.g. work more hours, do an occasional job etc.)’ to cover your household’s basic
needs?Index 6 : ‘Relied on government or NGO assistance to cover your household's basic needs?
On each of the above indices we see that vulnerability has increased between August and September. Gallup believes that this is can be explained by following
1/ The cash transfer programme (Ehsaas) and its ameliorating effects are now waning off as people have consumed the money and are now unable to sustain a living through income opportunities.
2/ In August there was a lot of hope that re-opening will resolve the issue of economic slowdown and therefore an initial euphoria. As September came and went, there is increasing understanding that economy is not going back to pre-COVID times in terms of consumption and spending. Moreover, the pre-COVID economy was also not in great shape as the GDP growth rate was around 3%.
GOVT NEEDS TO STEP IN THESE EARLY STAGES OF ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY. For the non bankable poor (at the bottom of the pyramid),another cash transfer programme and for the rest of the segments tax breaks and other incentives to spend money and restart businesses will be crucial
METHODOLOGY
43% 49%
7%
18-29 30-50 51+
AGE
SAMPLE SIZE: 2106
CATI INTERVIEWS
DATA COLLECTION 9 September - 2 October
2020
RURAL65%
URBAN35%
FEMALE48%
PUNJAB58%
SINDH24%
BALOCHISTAN5%
KP13%
MALE52%
Detailed Note on Methodology
Gallup Pakistan’s usual approach of fieldwork is conducting face-to-face interviews in households using geographical sampling. Thesampling is done using the census as the frame. Due to coronaviruslockdown, as well as health and safety concerns, we have halted allface-to-face interviews, therefore CATI methodology has beenemployed.
This methodology uses Random Digit Dialling approach where allmobile phone numbers in Pakistan (130 million active sims) are theuniverse.
Exclusion in sample: According to PSLM (a government survey), 90%of households in Pakistan claim someone in their household owns amobile phone. This means that 10% households are excluded fromthe sample.
Caution: Findings below the national level have significantly different error margin calculations. We advise use of the belownational numbers only as telling broad direction of the results and not as statistically significant numbers.
ERROR MARGIN±2 to 3% at 95% confidence level
for national level results
±
CONTACT US
36
www.gallup.com.pk/
/GallupPak
@GallupPak
isb@gallup.com.pk