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Chapter 1Chapter 1

Evidence-Based Healthcare: Using Research in Practice

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Overview of CourseOverview of Course

• The outcome of the course is for you to use research findings in healthcare practice appropriately.

– Understanding of research terms and processes to become critical and intelligent users of research in clinical care = evidence-based practice.

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Questions to ConsiderQuestions to Consider

• How do you feel about research?

• Why does “research” have a negative response?

• Why is research difficult to use?

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QUESTIONQUESTION

• What often happens when healthcare professionals try to use research without understanding the language and process of research?

A. Healthcare professionals become frustrated.B. Healthcare professionals become avid users of research.

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ANSWERANSWER

A.

Healthcare professionals become frustrated because they do not understand the language or the process.

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QUESTIONQUESTION

Is the following statement true or false?

When healthcare professionals try to use research without understanding the language and process of research, healthcare professionals misunderstand the implications of research findings.

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ANSWERANSWER

True.

If the healthcare professional does not understand research language or the research process, they will misinterpret or misunderstand the findings.

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QUESTIONQUESTION

Is the following statement true or false?

When healthcare professionals try to use research without understanding the language and process of research, healthcare professionals stop using research.

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ANSWERANSWER

True.

Healthcare professionals become frustrated and avoid doing research when they do not understand the language.

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QUESTIONQUESTION

Is the following statement true or false?

When healthcare professionals try to use research without understanding the language and process of research, patient care suffers.

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ANSWERANSWER

True.

Patient care suffers because decisions about care practices may be based on misunderstanding or not understanding or the avoidance of using research!

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What Is Healthcare Research?What Is Healthcare Research?

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Evidence-Based PracticeEvidence-Based Practice

Why Should Research Be Used in Healthcare?

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Gersch and Rebar’s Evidence-Based Practice Bridge TheoryGersch and Rebar’s Evidence-Based Practice Bridge Theory

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Essential Elements of Evidence-Based Practice: A Model Essential Elements of Evidence-Based Practice: A Model

• Assess

• Ask

• Acquire

• Appraise

• Apply

• Evaluate

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When Do You Seek Evidence? (ASSESS)

When Do You Seek Evidence? (ASSESS)

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What Is an Effective Clinical Question? (ASK)

What Is an Effective Clinical Question? (ASK)

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Develop a Clinical QuestionDevelop a Clinical Question

Using the Who, What, When, and Where method, develop a clinical question for the following situation.

You want to know if using humor is effective when working with an anxious patient.

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Develop a Clinical QuestionDevelop a Clinical Question

Using the Who, What, When, and Where method, develop a clinical question for the following situation.

Do you know how young children perceive thex-ray machine?

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Is This a Clinical Question?Is This a Clinical Question?

Using the Who, What, When, and Where method, critique this clinical question.

Do you know what to assess (pain, fatigue, number of sticks, vein condition) in order to decide whether to establish a venous port for blood draws in a patient who needs blood drawn repeatedly and regularly?

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How Have We Found Answers to Questions in the Past?

How Have We Found Answers to Questions in the Past?

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How Should We Find Answers for Best Clinical Practices—Find

Answers to Clinical Questions? (ACQUIRE)

How Should We Find Answers for Best Clinical Practices—Find

Answers to Clinical Questions? (ACQUIRE)

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What Is a Research Report?What Is a Research Report?

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Where Can You Find a Research Report?

Where Can You Find a Research Report?

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QUESTIONQUESTION

Which sample title reflects a research report?

A. “Five steps to improving your care of the patient with diabetes”

B. “The role of exercise in maintaining glycemic control”

C. “Comparison of two approaches to diabetes education in adolescents”

D. “The adolescent with diabetes—what is the most useful advice?”

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ANSWERANSWER

C. “Comparison of two approaches to diabetes education in adolescents”

Any of the titles MAY reflect a research report, but only the third title suggests and describes a research report. The two-group comparison suggests that outcomes were measured on two different diabetes education programs.

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So If the Title Does Not Tell Us Whether or Not

the Publication Is a Research Report,

How Do We Know?

So If the Title Does Not Tell Us Whether or Not

the Publication Is a Research Report,

How Do We Know?

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How to Become a Critical and Intelligent User of Research (APPRAISE)

How to Become a Critical and Intelligent User of Research (APPRAISE)

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What Is a Systematic Review, and Why Is It Important?

What Is a Systematic Review, and Why Is It Important?

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Research Questions Applied to Systematic ReviewsResearch Questions Applied to Systematic Reviews

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Levels of EvidenceLevels of Evidence

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What Is an Abstract,and How Can It Help You in Your

Search for Answers?

What Is an Abstract,and How Can It Help You in Your

Search for Answers?

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Questions?Questions?