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Control of Gene Expression
Prof. DR. dr. Hadyanto Lim, M.Kes, SpFK, FESC, FIBADepartment of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences
Faculty of Medicine, Methodist University of Indonesia - Medan
Molecular Biology Research, Postgraduate School,
University of Sumatra Utara - Medan
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How can a completeorganism be cloned ?
Question
Wilmut I.et al. Nature1997; 385: 810-13.
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/0,9263,7601970310,00.html8/13/2019 Control of Gene Expression (FK UMI)
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A differentiated cell contains all the genetic instructions
necessary to direct the formation of a complete organism
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Differentiated cell contains genetic instruction
Cell differentiation generally depends on
changes in gene expression
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Because the tadpole contain a full range of differentiated
cell that derive their DNA sequences from the nucleus of the
original donor cell, it follows that the differentiated donor
cell cannot have lost any important DNA sequence.
Differentiated cell contains genetic instruction
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Differentiated cell contains genetic instruction
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Cell type
Different cell types synthesize different sets of protein,but many processes are common to all cells. Theseinclude :
1. Structural proteins of chromosomes,
2. RNA polymerases
3. DNA repair enzymes
4. Ribosomal proteins
5. Enzymes involved in the central reactions ofmetabolism
6. Proteins that form the cytoskeleton
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Level of protein controlled by gene expression
1. Transcriptional control, controlling when and
how often a given gene is transcribed.
2. RNA proccessing control, controlling the splicing
and processing of RNA transcripts.
3. RNA transport and localization control,
selecting which completed mRNAs are exported
from the nucleus to the cytosol and determining
where in the cytosol they are localized.
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4. Translational control, selecting which RNAs in
the cytoplasm are translated by ribosomes.
5. mRNA degradation control, selectively
destabilizing certain mRNA molecules in the
cytoplasm.
6. Protein activity control, selectively activating,
inactivating, degrading, or localizing specific
protein molecules after they have been made.
Level of protein controlled by gene expression
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Functional role of miRNAsin the normal and
diseased heart
Small EM, & Olson EN. Nature 2011; 469:336-342
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Levels of Control of Gene Expression
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Human Cloning
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Snyder E , Loring J. N Engl J Med 2006;354:321-324
The Generation ofEmbryonic Stem Cells
after Somatic-Cell NuclearTransfer
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The US President Position on Human Cloning
On April 10, 2002, President Bush
announced that he believed that all
human cloning is wrongand thattherefore both reproductive cloning and
research cloning ought to be banned.
Anna GI. N Eng J Med2002; 346: 1599-1602.
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Why the heart transforms
Lim H, YZ Zhu. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63: 2584-2596 (Switzerland).
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Review Article
Lim H, YZ Zhu. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63: 2584-96 (Switzerland)Websites : www. google.com; www. yahoo.com ; searching : Hadyanto Lim
Cited by 20 international journals until 2011
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Cited by Other Articles in International Journals
Belmadani S, Bernal J,
Chih-Chang Wei CC, et al.,American Journal of
Pathology 171:777-789.
(Sept 2007).
University of Alabama,
Birmingham (USA)
Prud'homme GJ
Laboratory Investigation
87:1077-1091.
(Aug 2007).
University of Toronto,
Toronto, ON, Canada
Grobe JL ,
Der Sarkissian S. Stewart
JM et al,.Clinical Science
113 :357-364.
(Oct 2007).
University of Florida,
Gainesville (USA)
(Printed in Great Britain)(Printed in USA) (Printed in USA)
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Cited by Other Articles in International Journals
Journal of ClinicalHypertension 2008;10: 69-72
Lionakis N, Moyssakis I, Gialafos E
Cardiology Department,
Laiko General Hospital,
Athens, Greece
Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:209-217
Eur Heart Fail 2010; 12 :219-226
Gleen DJ, Rahmutula D,
Nishimoto M, Liang F,
Gardner DG.
Shyu KG et al
(Printed in USA) Printed in Oxford University (Great Britain)
University of California, San
Francisco, USA
Taipei Medical University,
Taipei, Taiwan
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Cited by Other Articles in International Journals
Heart Fail Rev 2010; 15:133142
Pol CJ, Muller A, Simonides WS
Department of Physiology, Institute
for Cardiovascular Research,
VU University Medical Center
Amsterdam 1081 BT,
The Netherlands
Printed in Netherlands
Rudolf Jarai et al
Department of Cardiology and
Emergency Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine II,
Medical University of Vienna,
Austria (Impact Factor: 5.228 ) (IF 2.09)
J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13: 4415-21
Printed in USA
M. Brueckmann, et al
2010, onlineMedical Faculty of
Mannheim,
University of Heidelberg,
Germany.
Printed in Germany
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Cited by Other Articles in International Journals
1The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling
and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of
Education and Chinese Ministry of Health,
Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan,
Shandong, 250012, China.
Human Gene Therapy 2011; 21 :1545-1554;
YX Zhao et al. Diniz, Gabriela Placon
Laboratory of Cellular Biology and
Functional Anatomy, Department of
Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, University of So Paulo,
05508-900, So Paulo, Brazil
Int J Endocrinol 2010;
Printed in USA Printed in USA
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Cell Tis Res 2011Transforming growth factor beta
signaling in adult cardiovascular
diseases and repair
Doetschman T, et al. ,
Univ. Arizona, USA
Cited by Other Articles in International Journals
Relationship Between Myocardial Redox Stateand Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in
Patients on Left Ventricular Assist Device
Support
Caruso R et al. 1
CNR Clinical Physiology Institute, Cardiovascular
Department, Niguarda C Granda HospitalMilan, Italy
Printed in JapanPrinted in Germany
Circulation J 2011
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/circj/75/10/_contents8/13/2019 Control of Gene Expression (FK UMI)
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of
1-substituted-3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-([1,2,4]
triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)pyrazoles as
transforming growth factor- type 1 receptor
kinase inhibitors
Jin CH et al. 2011
College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University,
Republic of Korea
Printed in USA
Transforming growth factor-1 in essential
hypertensionBlanco M, et al.
Area de biotecnologa, Hospital de Alta Resolucin
Valle del Guadiato, Pearroya, Crdoba, Espaa
Published in Laboratorio Clinico. 2011;04:121-6. -
vol.04 nm 03
Spain
Cited by Other Articles in International Journals
Printed in Spain
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Kompas, January 5, 2006
Dr. Hadyanto Lim, MSc, PhD, a senior lecturer at the School of Medicine, Methodist
University of Indonesia, described the role of TGF-1 in postinfarction cardiacremodeling in heart failure.
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Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
Promoter is a specific DNA sequence that directs RNA polymerase tobind to DNA, to open the DNA double helix, and to begin synthesizing
an RNA molecule. Operator, a regulator element within the promoter that directstranscription.
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Control of Gene Expression in ProkaryotesOrganization of a Bacterial Operon (cluster of genes that code for enzyme)
Transcription of the
structural genes is
controlled by a
repressor protein
that, when bound tothe operator site of
the DNA, blocks
movement of the
RNA polymerasefrom the promoter to
the structural genes
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Switching the triptophan genes on and off
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The binding of tryptophan to the tryptophan
repressor protein changes its conformation
The mechanism of gene regulatory proteins that control
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The mechanism of gene regulatory proteins that control
gene transcription in procaryotes
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Processing Level Control
The fibronectin gene consistsof a number of exons.
Two of these exons encode
portions of the polypeptide
called EIIIA and EIIIB, which
are included in the proteinproduced fibroblasts, but
which are excluded from the
protein produced in the liver.
Fibronectin produced by
fibroblasts are retained in
the matrix contains two extra
peptides compared to the
version of the protein
produced by liver cells and
secreted into the blood.The difference is due to alternative splicing.
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Translation-Level Control
The Untranslated
regions (UTRs) contain
nucleotide sequences
used by the cell tomediate translational-
level control
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The Last
DNA Replication and Repair