Conditions/Diseases of the Skeletal and Muscular

Systems

Bones become thinner and weaker with age

Osteoperosis begins between ages 30 and 40

Women lose 8% of

bone mass per decade, men 3%

Clinical ConditionsOsteoporosis

ScoliosisAbnormal lateral curvature of the spine“S” shapedOccurs most often in the thoracic regionMost common during adolescence and girls

are more prone to developing the conditionIf muscles on one side of the body are not

functioning properly, those on the opposite side tug on the spine and force it out of alignment

Treated with body braces or surgically before the growth period ends to prevent permanent deformity or breathing difficulties

Clinical Conditions

GigantismChildhood hyper secretion of

growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth.

Pituitary dwarfismGrowth hormone deficiency in

children resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.

Fractures - A break in the bone

Closed – bone breaks cleanly

Open – the broken bone ends have broken through the skin

Greenstick – bone splits and bends, does not break (seen only in children)

Spiral fractures

Figure 6–16 (4 of 9)

Figure 6–16 (6 of 9)

Colles’ fracture

Figure 6–16 (7 of 9)

Greenstick fracture

Comminuted fractures

Figure 6–16 (9 of 9)

Compression fractures

Depression fracture of the skull

Fixing an Open Fracture

Video 2

Symptoms of Fractures

SwellingPAIN/TendernessDeformity – unnatural angle or positionBruising/discolorationInability to move body part - bear weightGrating sound - squeakingExposed fragmentsSometimes no symptoms

Sprains - An injury to a ligament

Mild (1st degree) – overstretched ligament

Moderate (2nd degree)– partial tear

Severe (3rd degree) – complete tear

Ankle Sprains

Symptoms of SprainsSwellingTendernessPain in motionBruising/discolorationJoint laxity

Strains - An injury to a muscle/tendon

Symptoms:SwellingTendernessPainBruisingDeformity

More conditions

Tendonitis – inflammation of the tendon

Examples of Strains

DefinitionA skeletal joint is a point at which two bones meet. This is sometimes called an articulation.                              

Dislocations - Displacement of the bone

The joint is pushed beyond its normal range of motion

Symptoms:Deformity of jointSevere painSwelling around jointBruisingInability to move injured area

More Conditions

Bursitis – inflammation of the sac (bursa) near the joint

Bursa – small sac containing fluid that lies between tendons and bones

Arthritis - Inflammation in and around the joint

100 different types; most common disease in the world

SymptomsJoint stiffnessPain on movementLocal weaknessSwelling

First Aid

R – restI - iceC - compressionE - elevation