Aroosa Shafait

Benish Shafiq

Naveed Sultan

Supervised by:

Sir, Zain-ul- abdin

Condctrometric Investigation Of Solvent- Solvent

Interactions Of Transition Metal Electrolyte

(Cocl2.6h2o) In Neat Water And Methanol In

Presence Of Added Electrolyte (Nacl)

During the conductrometric investigation of solvent-solventinteraction metal Co+2 electrolyte used, NaCl and Methanol usedas solvent. In this method salvation behaviorof Co+2 in thepresence of added electrolyte (NaCl) is investigated in purewater, in pure methanol and then different mole percentages ofMethanol. As Methanol and water both posses OH group so theyhave resemblance in many physical properties. Hence increase inconductance in pure water show great dissociation constant thenMethanol. When Electrolyte is added in CoCl2 solution of purewater, ion salvation of Co+2 start. The ion salvations continueuntil the complex formation completed. In the case of CoCl2solution in pure Methanol, after adding electrolyte show lessdegree of dissociation and complex formation. As the amount ofwater increases, ion dissociates more frequently. Concentrationalso effect density and viscosity values, as concentrationincreases both increases (density & viscosity).

The objective of the study is the conduct metric

investigation of solution containing two electrolytes in

the solvent system and comparing them with those

measured in the neat solvent containing one electrolyte.

Variation in conduction may be carried out in the

solution where the concentration of the transition metal

and the electrolyte are changed symmetrically which

leads to draw useful conclusion about ion-solvent

interactions.

Definition

Measurement of the electrical conductivity of a

solution during the course of a chemical reaction. It is

the determination of the quantity of a material present

in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the

electrical conductivity of the mixture.

Electrolytic conductance.

Electronic conductance.

Metallic conductance.

Definition:

The word "viscosity" is derived from the Latin

"viscum", meaning mistletoe. A viscous glue called

birdlime was made from mistletoe berries and was used

for lime-twigs to catch birds.

Definition : The mass density or density of a material is

its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case

Greek letter rho). Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:

Nature of electrolyte:

The conductance of an electrolyte depends upon thenumber of ions present in the solution. Therefore, thegreater the number of ions in the solution the greater isthe conductance.

Concentration of the solution:

The molar conductance of electrolytic solution varieswith the concentration of the electrolyte. In general, themolar conductance of an electrolyte increases withdecrease in concentration or increase in dilution.

Temperature: The conductivity of an electrolyte dependsupon the temperature. With increase in temperature, theconductivity of an electrolyte increases.

Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts

Hydrolysis of Salts

Rates of Reaction Solution, Diffusion

Conductmetric Titrations

Apparatus:

Chemicals:

Methanol

CoCl2.6H2O

NaCl

KCl

CO+2 has d7 configuration and a radius of 72pm.

Cobalt is fairly soluble in neat water with resulting light pink to rosy red color of solution conductance measured over an entered CoCl2 concentration range from 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.1M.

Effect of Electrolyte

When NaCl is added in Solution individually increase in

conductance show increase in ion dissociation of electrolyte.

Solution of CoCl2 in 80% CH3OH:

Effect of Electrolyte

When electrolyte is added in solution firstly dissociation of

ions takes place which cause increase in conductance then

equilibrium is establish.

Solution of CoCl2 in 50% CH3OH:

Effect of Electrolyte

When electrolyte NaCl is added to solution it is observed

that both aqua and organo-complex is formed after

dissociation of CoCl2 into its respective ions.

Solution of CoCl2 in 20% CH3OH:

Effect of Electrolyte

When electrolyte NaCl is added to solution it show similar

behavior as complex formation takes place and aftercomplex formation equilibrium is established.

Solution of CoCl2

Is prepared in pure water and pure methanol along with differentconcentrations of methanol as 100%, 80%, 50% and 20% to checkconductance before and after indication of electrolyte (NaCl). It is concludethat:

Ion dissociation takes place more in solution of CoCl2 in water.

Co+2 form aqua-complex with water which is octahedral and it formorgano-complex with methanol which is tetrahedral.

After addition of NaCl as electrolyte conductance increases more vigorously.

Ions of electrolyte and methanol both solvates Co+2 but it form complexwith that legend which is stronger or greater in concentration.

When there is no increase in conductance, it means complex formation iscompleted.

Concentration also effects viscosity and density. As concentration increasesviscosity and density also increases.