Transcript of Computer It is an electronic device which receives data, processes it and gives meaningful result....
- Slide 1
- Computer It is an electronic device which receives data,
processes it and gives meaningful result. Main operations: Input
Storing Processing Output Control
- Slide 2
- Architecture Of Computer CPU
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- CPU: Performs all the processing tasks of a computer. Also
called Brain of the Computer. Controls all parts of a computer
system Has three components: Arithmetic and Logic Unit : has small
locations called registers, and consists of Arithmetic and Logic
sections. Control Unit : controls the operations of CPU, and
governs transfer of data between IO devices and the system. Memory
: RAM and ROM
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- Types of Computer Based on Use: Analog Computer Digital
Computer Hybrid Computer Based on Sizes: Super Computer Main Frame
Systems Mini Computer Personal Computers Micro Computers
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- Generations of Computer First: 1949-54, Vaccum Tubes/Electronic
Valves, Magnetic Drum (about 1KB memory), Speed: 333ms Second:
1954-64Transistors, Magnetic Core, tape and disk (about 100KB main
memory), Speed: 10ms Third: 1964-80, Integrated Circuits, High
Speed Magnetic Cores (about 1MB main memory), Speed: 100ns Fourth:
1980-Now, Large Scale ICs, Semi-Conductor Memory(about 10 MB main
memory), Speed: 10ns
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- Bits / Bytes / Words UnitSize BitOne Binary Digit Nibble4 bits
Byte8 bits Word16/32/64 bits Kilobyte (KB)1024 bytes Megabyte
(MB)1024 KB Gigabyte (GB)1024 MB Terabyte (TB)1024 GB Petabyte
(PB)1024 TB
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- Hardware Examples: Motherboard, VDU, Secondary and removable
storage devices, Sound Card, Peripherals etc. Input Devices
Keyboard Mouse Trackball Joystic Digital Camera Microphone Touch
Screen Scanner
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- Types of keys on a keyboard: Alphanumeric Special Function
Output Devices Monitor (Video Display Terminal) Projector Printer
Sound Card Speaker Video Card
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- Software Application Software Software that a user uses to
accomplish a particular task. Eg: MS Word, Notepad, Adobe Reader
etc. System Software: Software that is designed to operate the
computer hardware. Provides a platform for running application
software. Eg: device drivers, operating systems, servers,
utilities.
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- Memory RAM: Dynamic RAM (DRAM) : needs periodic refreshing.
Static RAM (SRAM): does not require periodic refreshing ROM: PROM
EPROM EEPROM
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- Programming Languages of Computer Machine Language Assembly
Language High Level Language eg: BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN,
JAVA, C# Fourth Generation Language (4GL)
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- Programming Languages of Computer Hardware Machine Language
Assembly Language High level Language
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- Program Compilation Converts program in high level language to
executable machine language. Converts entire document at once.
Program Interpretation Converts program in high level language to
executable machine language. Converts document line by line.
Programming Languages of Computer
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- Operating Systems Set of programs that control, coordinate and
supervises activities of a computer system. Types of OS: GUI Batch
Processing Operating System Real-time Operating System Multi- User
(eg: Time Sharing Systems) Multi-processing Multi-tasking
Multi-threading Distributed
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- Operating Systems Hardware OS Application User
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- MSDOS (Disc Operating System) Developed by Microsoft (1981) for
micro computers. Was most popular in 80s and mid 90s Single user
OS. Character User Interface. Provides commands for File handling.
It is not case sensitive. File names restricted to 8 chars. No
spaces are allowed in filenames. It has various internal and
external commands.
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- File Naming in DOS Primary Name: Secondary Name or Extensions
eg:.exe,.com,.bat,.ovr,.doc,.txt.
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- Related Questions Microsoft Word is an example of a/an SBI PO
2010 (1) OS (2) Processing device (3) Application Software (4)
Input device Ans: Application Sofware C++ is a/an . language SBI PO
2010 (1) Unnecessary (2) Object oriented (3) Developed (4) Machine
(5) Assembly Ans: Object Oriented
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- . is a type of input machine. SBI PO 2010 (1) Monitor (2)
Printer (3) Plotter (4) Keyboard (5) None of these Ans: Keyboard
Which of the following is not an input unit? SBI PO 2010 (1) Touch
pad (2) Mouse (3) Scanner (4) Monitor (5) Microphone Ans:
Monitor
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- Program or instructions are included in of a system. PNB PO
2010 (1) Hardware (2) icon (3) information (4) Software (5) None of
these Ans: Software The capacity of memory is measured in terms of
PNB PO 2010 (1) bit (2) byte (3) nibble (4) megabyte (5) All of
these Ans: megabyte
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- The place where data and program goes is known as Allahabad
Bank PO 2010 (1) mouse (2) keyboard (3) CPU (4) CU (5) None of
these Ans: CPU In MICR, C stands for PNB PO 2010 (1) code (2) color
(3) computer (4) character (5) None of these Ans: Character
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- Which of the following is not one of the four major data
processing functions of a computer? Allahabad Bank PO 2010 (1)
Gathering data (2) Processing data into information (3) Analyzing
the data or information (4) Storing the data or information (5)
None of these Ans: Analyzing the data or information. These are
specially designed computers that perform complex calculations
extremely rapidly. Syndicate Bank PO 2007 (1) servers (2) Super
computers (3) laptops (4) mainframes (5) None of these Ans: Super
computers
- Slide 23
- It is the science that attempts to produce machines that
display the same type of intelligence that humans do? Bank of India
PO 2010 (1) Nanoscience (2) Nanotechnology (3) Simulation (4) AI
(5) None of these Ans: AI
- Slide 24
- Word Processor (MSWord) Word Window and its components: Title
bar Menu Bar Standard Tool Bar Ruler Scroll Bars (Vertical and
Horizontal) Workspace Formatting tool bar Drawing tool bar Status
bar.
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- Look of MS Word 2003
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- Bottom half of Ms word: Top half of Ms word:
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- Characteristics of Word Editing Feature. Permanent storage
facility. Formatting (Changing the text in any form) Graphics
Thesaurus (For changing word with its Synonyms) Find and Replace.
Headers and Footers Page Orientation. Spell Checker. Mail Merge.
Bullets and Numbering. Tables.
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- Shortcut Keys Ctrl + A: Select all components of page. Ctrl +
B:Bold highlighted section Ctrl + I :Italic highlighted section
Ctrl + U:Underline highlighted section Ctrl + C:Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X:Cut selected text. Ctrl + V:Paste. Ctrl + P:Open print
window. Ctrl + F:Open Find box. Ctrl + Y:Redo last operation. Ctrl
+ Z: Undo last operation. Ctrl + K: Insert Link. Ctrl + L: Align
left. Ctrl + R: Align right. Ctrl + E: Align Centre. Ctrl + J:
Justify. Justify. Ctrl + M: Indent Paragraph.
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- Ctrl + < (Ctrl + Shift + (Ctrl + Shift + >) Increase font
size. Ctrl + [Decrease font size. Ctrl + ]Increase font size. Ctrl
+ S Save the document.
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- MS Excel It is a spreadsheet application. It has graphic tools,
calculation support, pivot tables, and a macro-programming language
called Visual Basic For Applications(VBA).
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- Terms used in Excel Worksheet Row Number Column Letter Cell
Cell Pointer Current Cell Range of Cells Work Book Data in
Worksheet Formula Functions Cell Referencing :
Absolute/Relative/Mixed Charts: Area/ Column/ Line/ Bar/ Pie
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- Some Excel Shortcuts Ctrl + ASelect all components of page.
Ctrl + BBold highlighted section. Ctrl + I Italic highlighted
section. Ctrl + KInsert Link. F2 Edit the selected cell. F5 Go to a
specific cell. F7 Spell check selected text or document. F11Create
chart. Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter current time. Ctrl + ; Enter current
date. Shift + F3 Open excel formula window. Shift + F5Open search
box. Ctrl + F6 Switch between open workbooks/window. Ctrl + Page up
Switch between excel worksheets in same document. Alt + = create
formula to sum all above cells into the cell currently
selected.
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- Some Excel Shortcuts Ctrl + 5Strikethrough highlighted
selection. Ctrl + Arrow Key Move to next section of text. Ctrl +
SpaceSelect entire column. Shift + Space Select entire row. Ctrl +
F9Minimize current window Ctrl + F10Maximize current window Ctrl +
Insert value of above cell into current cell. Ctrl + TabMove
between two or more open excel files. Ctrl +Shift + $Format number
in currency format.
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- MS Powerpoint It is the presentation graphics part of MS Office
suite. We can create various presentation materials like charts,
graphics, slides, handouts, overheads etc. It can be used to create
slide shows. Some methods for creating new presentation are: Auto
Content Wizard, Design Templates, Sample Presentation and Blank
Presentation. File formats of powerpoint are: the 2003
default.ppt(presentation),.pps (powerpoint show),.pot (template).
Custom animations can be used to create small story boards by
animating pictures to enter, exit or move. Powerpoint presentations
can consist of several pages or slides.
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- Common Operations Apply a Template to a Presentation A template
is a PowerPoint presentation that defines how your text and slide
background will look. A plain presentation is simply black text on
a white background. Define Slide Transition and Animation
Transition effects help define how a presentation move from one
slide to the next. Animation defines how you want your listed
information to come in and out of the presentation. Edit the Slide
Master or Individual Slides The Slide Master in a template is a
slide that controls the formatting, text, and objects that appear
on every slide in your presentation.
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- Some Powerpoint Shortcuts F5Start the slide show from first
slide. Shift + F5Start the slide show from current slide. F7Check
the spelling of text. Shift + F7Thesaurus (suggest synonyms). Ctrl
+ F9Minimize current window
- Slide 39
- MS Access It is an RDBMS that combines Microsoft Jet Database
Engine with GUI and software development tools. The Microsoft Jet
Database Engine ( JET stands for Joint Engine Technology), is a
database engine on which several Microsoft products have been
built. A database engine is the underlying component of a database.
It stores data in its own format, and can link or import data from
other Access databases. A database is a tool for collecting and
organizing information.
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- MS Access In a RDBMS data is stored in the form of tables or
relations. RDBMS is a multi-table database, where tables are
related to one other. Each table has number of rows and columns.
Each column or field, represents a category Each entry in a table
is known as a row or a record. MS Access is an RDBMS that enables
us to manage relational database in windows environment. It enables
us to enter, retrieve and modify/update data and also create forms
and reports. Databases created in the Access 2007 format have the
file extension.accdb, and databases created in earlier Access
formats have the file extension.mdb
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- Database Objects Tables: store data in form of rows and
columns. Queries: For viewing data from a table. Forms: enable us
to enter, view and modify in a table. Also known as data entry
screens. Reports: generate reports based on tables and query
results. Data Access Page: they are web pages to view and work with
data from the Internet or an intranet, where data is stored in an
Access database. ( no longer supported in MS Access 2007). Macros:
series of commands and functions that can be executed when a task
is needed to be performed. Modules: Visual basic procedures and
declarations stored as one unit.
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- Some Access Shortcuts Ctrl + NOpen new DB. Ctrl + OOpen
existing DB. Alt + F4Quit Access. Ctrl + POpen print dialog box for
printing current or selected object. Popen print dialog box from
print preview S open page setup dialog box from print preview C or
Esccancel print preview or layout preview. F12 or Alt + F12open
Save As dialog box. Ctrl + S or Shift + F12 or Alt + Shift + F2 :
save a DB object.
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- F4 or Alt + Down Arrow :open a combo box F9 : refresh the
contents of a lookup field, list box or combo box. Page Up: move up
one page. Page Down: move down one page. Up Arrow: move up one
line. Tab: exit the combo box or list box. Ctrl + F: open find tab
in Find and Replace dialog box. Ctrl + H: open replace tab in Find
and Replace dialog box. Shift + F4: to find the next occurrence of
the text specified in Find and Replace dialog box when the dialog
box is closed.
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- Related Questions In application software (MS Excel), there is
. immediately below the title bar. SBI PO 2010 (1) Text area (2)
Menu bar (3) Standard tool bar (4) Task bar Ans: Menu bar Just
below the formatting bar, there is SBI PO 2010 (1) Task bar (2)
Tool bar (3) Formula bar (4) Scroll bar Ans: Formula bar
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- By ., text can be made more attractive in different colors,
shapes and sizes. SBI PO 2010 (1) Word Art (2) Picture (3) Word art
text box (4) Mail merge (5) None of these Ans: Word Art Comic Sans
Ms is example of SBI PO 2010 (1) Font type (2) Font face (3) Font
layout (4) Font structure (5) Font design Ans: Font face
- Slide 46
- Telephone no, date of birth, name of customer are the examples
of PNB PO 2010 (1) record (2) data (3) file (4) database (5) None
of these Ans: Data In which grouping, the formatting of text is
done in Word? PNB PO 2010 (1) Tables, Paragraphs and Indexes. (2)
Paragraphs, Indexes and Sections. (3) Characters, Sections and
Paragraphs. (4) Indexes, Characters and Tables. (5) None of these
Ans: Tables, Paragraphs and Indexes.
- Slide 47
- The item cut during cutting and pasting process is stored
temporarily in PNB PO 2010 (1) ROM (2) Hard Drive (3) Diskette (4)
Dashboard (5) Clipboard Ans: Clipboard
- Slide 48
- Data Communication and Network Signals: electric or
electromagnetic encoding of data. Signaling: propagation of signal
along suitable medium. Transmission: communication of data achieved
by propagation and processing of signals. Parallel data
transmission: each wire carries a bit of information. Series data
transmission: bits are sent sequentially. (slower as compared to
parallel transmission) Synchronous transmission: characters are
transmitted as groups, with control characters in beginning and end
of data stream. Asynchronous transmission: each char is transmitted
separately.
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- Modes of Communication: Simplex Half duplex Full duplex. Types
of Computer Network: LAN (Local Area Network) eg: nw in a building
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) eg: nw connecting branches in
different cities. WAN ( Wide Area Network) eg: internet. Topology:
physical layout of a network. Mesh Star Bus Ring
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- Mesh Topology Bus Topology
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- Star Topology RingTopology
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- Tree Topology: combination of Bus and Star topology.
- Slide 53
- Internet It is a global interconnection of systems, linked
together by various means. For communication to be possible an
addressing mechanism and safe means of moving data is required The
rules governing the sending and receiving data are implemented in
TCP and IP protocols. TCP divides data stream into small packets.
Internet Protocol puts addressing information on these packets. IP
Address: is a 4 byte (32 bit) number that represents a logical
address of a host.
- Slide 54
- IP Versions IPv4 eg: 172.16.254.1 IPv6 eg:
2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (128 bits or 16 bytes) Hosts: individual
systems/machines at particular location. Domain is a general
category that a computer on internet belongs to. Domain names serve
as humanly-memorable names for Internet participants, like
computers, networks, and services. Domain Name Service(DNS):
resolves queries for domain names into IP Addresses for the purpose
of locating computer services and devices worldwide.
- Slide 55
- E- Mail: used for sending electronic messages. SMTP (Simple
mail Transfer Protocol): is an Internet standard for e-mail
transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Use net and
news groups are set up by people for sharing common interests.
Usenet is a worldwide distributed internet discussion system.
Telnet: is a program runs on your computer and connects your PC to
a server on the network. Telnet is a common way to remotely control
web servers.
- Slide 56
- Gopher protocol displays set of resources on Internet in the
form of menus or list of items. World Wide Web (WWW): is a system
of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet. World
Wide Web Consortium (W3C): is the main international
standardization organization for development of standards for the
world wide web. Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML): it is a tag based
language that is used to create web pages. Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML): is an ISO-standard technology for defining
generalized markup languages for documents. HTML, XHTML and XML are
all examples of SGML-based languages. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(HTTP): used to manage transfer of HTML documents.
- Slide 57
- Uniform Resource Locator (URL): is a way to avail resources on
internet. Browser: is an application program which is used to
explore internet resources. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): is a
standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to
another host over a TCP- based network. Modem
(Modulator-Demodulator): enables a computer to transmit data over
telephone line. Wide Area Information Service (WAIS) : is a client-
server text searching system that is used to search index databases
or libraries on remote computers. Mosaic is the web browser
credited with popularizing the WWW. developed at the National
Centre for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). It gives access to
internet resources by using GUI allowing users to navigate through
documents.
- Slide 58
- Information Technology IT refers to the branch of engineering
that deals with manipulation, storage, retrieval and
transmission(sharing) of information. It includes both hardware and
software. IT now plays a major role in our day-to- day activities,
and has automated various tasks which were earlier done
manually.
- Slide 59
- Computer Virus A computer virus is a malicious program that can
copy itself and infect various systems. It spreads from one
computer to another via network or internet, or through a removable
media such as floppy disc, CD, DVD, USB drives etc. Some of the
most popular viruses that came into light so far are: I Love You
(2000) Code Red (2001) Nimada (2001) Melissa (1999) Sasser
(2004)
- Slide 60
- Malware, short for malicious software, is software to help
hackers disrupt users computer operation, gather sensitive
information, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware,
adware, and other malicious programs. Antivirus Software can be
used as preventive measure from viruses. They can destroy or remove
viruses by finding them. Back up of data on other mediums can
negate the losses incurred if data gets misplaced. Some Antivirus
software are: Symantec Norton Antivirus Kaspersky Antivirus McAfee
Antivirus Panda Security Trend Micro Bitdefender
- Slide 61
- Related Questions What is the full form of PPP? SBI PO 2010 (1)
Power to Process Point (2) Point to Point Protocol (3) Point to
Power Protocol (4) Protocol for Powerpoint (5) None of these Ans:
Point to Point Protocol In HTML, which tag is used to give
background color? SBI PO 2010 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Ans:
- Slide 62
- To hyperlink on web page through HTML which tag is used? SBI PO
2010 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Ans: . Is a folder where virus suspected
files are kept. SBI PO 2010 (1) Junk Mail (2) Spam Mail (3) Both 1
and 2 (4) Delete (5) Virus affected folder Ans: both 1 and 2
- Slide 63
- . does work related to exchange of data between the computers.
SBI PO 2010 (1) Sound Card (2) Network Card (3) Expansion Slot (4)
Modem (5) None of these. Ans: Modem Which tag is used to invoke
form from HTML language? SBI PO 2010 (1) (2) (3) (4) <
invoke> (5) None of these Ans: