Transcript of Composition and Photography © 2010 by Gregory Mills.
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- Composition and Photography 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Rule of Thirds
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Rule of Thirds O O
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- O
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- O
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- Leading Lines
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Balance
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Asymmetrical Balance
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Triangles
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Repetition
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Simplification
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Framing
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- Foreground, Middle Ground, Back Ground
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- Multiple Compositional Tools
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- Digital Cameras & Photo Gear 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Question: What is the best camera to use? Answer: The one you
have with you
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- Photo taken with an iPhone of the 2009 air liner crash into the
Hudson River
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- Types of Digital Cameras Cell Phone/iPhone Compact Ultra
Compact Enthusiast Super Zoom Micro Four Thirds Digital SLR Medium
Format
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- Cell Phone/iPhone Always available Small size Fair image
quality when light is good 2 to 13 mega pixels Tiny sensor
Extremely poor in low light Some have flashes
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- Compact Point & Shoot $150 - $250 Cheap Small size Good
image quality when light is good 10 to 14 mega pixels Small sensor
Very poor in low light Very slow Stylish colors
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- Ultra Compact Point & Shoot $300 - $500 Very small size
Good image quality when light is good 10 to 14 mega pixels Small
sensor Very poor in low light Slow Stylish colors
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- Enthusiast $400 - $800 Good quality Lots of advanced features
Too bulky to comfortably fit in a pocket Good image quality 10 to
14 mega pixels Small sensor Poor in low light Slow
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- Super Zoom $350 - $600 Bulky but not as large as DSLR Zooms
in/out really far (8x to 15x) Good image quality when light is good
10 to 14 mega pixels Small sensor Poor in low light Slow
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- Mirrorless Camera (ILC) $500 - $800 As expensive as low to mid
range DSLRs Uses interchangeable lenses like a DSLR Smaller than
DSLR Good image quality 10 to 14 mega pixels Cropped (medium)
sensor Acceptable in low light
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- Consumer Digital SLR $500 - $1,500 Entry level DSLR for
beginners to advanced users Better in low light than other types of
camera Price does not include lens Lenses cost $100 up to $10,000+
10 to 18 mega pixels Cropped (medium) sensor
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- Pro/Semi Pro Digital SLR $2,500 - $8,000 Wedding, sports,
wildlife photography Most have Full Frame Sensors Price does not
include lens Multiple memory card slots Very customizable 12 to 36
mega pixels Excellent in low light Weather resistant Very, very
fast
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- Medium Format $18,000 - $60,000 Used for magazine photos and
product photography Not as sophisticated as DSLRs Price does not
include lens Huge sensor Best image quality 30 to 60 mega pixels
Average speed Poor in low light
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- Nikon Canon Sony Olympus Panasonic Casio Pentax Fuji Kodak
Which Brand Should I Buy?
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- Nikon Canon Sony Olympus Panasonic Casio Pentax Fuji Kodak
Point and Shoot Brands
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- Mirrorless Camera (ILC) Nikon Canon Sony Olympus Panasonic
Casio Pentax Fuji Kodak
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- Nikon Canon Sony Olympus Panasonic Casio Pentax Fugi Kodak
Digital SLR Brands
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- Question: How many mega pixels (MP) do I need? Answer: 8 to 12
Anything over 14 is more than you need unless you are printing
photos over 2 feet x 3 feet or cropping severely
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- Features Common to Most Cameras LCD Screen and/or view finder
Optical Zoom/telephoto Menu for adjusting setting Flash Automatic
mode ISO control Auto White Balance Focus control Scene modes Timer
Review button
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- Nice-to-Have Features Auto Bracketing Burst Mode Remote shutter
release Vibration Reduction/Image Stabilization (VR/IS) Weather
resistant or water proof housing Time-lapse and/or slow motion
photography Low noise at high ISO Video recording (often HD)
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- Other Features Upload to YouTube, Facebook or Flicker Face
recognition and smile detection GPS coordinates Black & White,
Sepia or other effects (NEVER USE THESE) In camera editing (NEVER
USE THIS) Digital Zoom (NEVER USE THIS) Delete Button Useless
Features
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- Digital Cameras Accessories 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Cheap Not all Point and Shoots will accept lenses Acceptable
results Lenses for Point and Shoot Cameras
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- SD SDHC Micro SD Compact Flash Memory Stick/Memory Stick Pro
Memory Cards
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- Small form factor Capacity up to 2 GB Works on old cameras Can
only fit in camera one way Has lock to prevent accidental erasure
SD (Secure Digital)
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- Small form factor Capacity from 2 to 32 GB Comes in 4 speed
classes Class 2 - slow and cheap Class 4 - medium Class 6 - fast
and expensive Class 10 - fast and only works on very new cameras
Work on most new cameras Most popular type Has lock to prevent
accidental erasure SDHC (SD High Capacity)
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- Very tiny and easy to loose Capacity from 512 MB to 32 GB Most
common in cell phones Can only fit in camera one way Micro SD
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- Physically largest type of card Found in old cameras and in Pro
DSLRs Can read/write faster than any other type Can only fit in
camera one way Compact Flash
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- Sony only (proprietary card) More expensive due to lack of
competition Long and skinny Memory Stick/Memory Stick Pro
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- Connects your camera to the Internet via Wi-Fi Uploads your
photos or video directly to Flicker, YouTube, etc. Good
photographers vet their photos before uploading them Eye-Fi
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- Pro cards cost 4 to 10 times more than cheap ones Cheap cards
are for slow cameras like point and shoots Cheap cards sometimes
become corrupt Pro cards are fast for fast cameras or for shooting
video Pro cards are more reliable and water proof/heat resistant
Are the expensive cards worth it?
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- Best bang for buck to improve your photography Fewer segments
in legs are stronger More segments collapse into a smaller package
Cheap tripods: $40 - $100 Expensive tripods: $200 - $800 Tripods
have Legs and a Head Heads are sold separately on expensive tripods
Most expensive tripods are carbon fiber Tripod
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- Lighter, smaller and faster to use than tripod Not as stable as
a tripod Monopod Bean bag Stable, easy to use, cheap Can use rice
or dried beans
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- Protects the lens from impact Can cause problems under certain
lighting conditions Expensive ones perform better UV Lens Filter
Lens Cleaning Kits Microfiber cloth that will not scratch lens Lens
Pen removes fingerprints Air bulb to blow off dust
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- Extra Batteries Keeps your shooting longer Cold weather
shortens life of battery so it is important to have extra
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- Primary (Non Rechargeable) Packs the most power and are longest
lasting Will not work on all devices Works in cold weather
Expensive Lithium Batteries Alkaline Batteries Cheap Easily
obtainable Drains fast Looses power in cold weather
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- Replaces older NiCad batteries Provides more power than
Alkaline batteries Looses charge after a few months 15 Minute
charges kill batteries but charge fast New chargers can only charge
in pairs Rechargeable NiMh Batteries Sanyo Eneloop Keeps 85% of
charge after one year Does not have as much charge as regular NiMh
batteries Not available locally (Amazon has them)
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- Camera Bag and Camera Case Padded to protect and organize you
camera gear Many styles to choose from $30 to $350 for camera bags
$5 to $30 for camera cases
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- Software 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- iPhoto (Mac) Aperture (Mac) $300 ACDSee (Mac and Windows)
$40-$60 Lightroom (Mac and Windows) $150 Photoshop Elements (Mac
and Window) $100 InfanView (Windows) FREE Picassa (Mac and Windows)
FREE Windows Live Photo Gallery (Windows 7) FREE Organization
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- Photoshop Elements (Mac and Window) $100 Photoshop (Mac and
Windows) $600 the GIMP (Mac, Windows and Linux) FREE Paint.net
(Windows) FREE Editing
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- Exposure 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Aperture Shutter Speed ISO Amount Of Light
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- Aperture 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- 2007 by Gregory Mills Depth of Field
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- 2.2 seconds at F/111/15 second at F/1.8 Depth of Field
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- Aperture F/1.8F/3.5F/11F/22 Shallow Depth of FieldDeep Depth of
Field
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- Shutter Speed 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Show Motion 2010 by Gregory Mills 1/60 of a Second
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- Or Freeze Time 2010 by Gregory Mills 1/1000 of a Second
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- Long Exposures 2010 by Gregory Mills 8 Seconds
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- ISO 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Noise from high ISO 100 ISO 1600 ISO800 ISO 400 ISO
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- Noise from high ISO (1600) 2005 by Gregory Mills
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- Noise from high ISO (1600)
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- Additional Light Sources 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Shoot Outside 2007 by Gregory Mills
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- But Not During Midday
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- Shoot in the Shade During Midday 2008 by Gregory Mills
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- Use What You Have
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- Flash
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- Camera Buttons Exposure Compensation Flash Power Compensation
Command Dial M = Manual Av or A = Aperture Tv or S = Shutter P =
Program
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- Point & Shoot Photos
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- 2010 by Gregory Mills
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- Under Expose 1 Stop For Richer Sunsets/Sunrises
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- Focus and Recompose Technique
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- Always focus on the eyes Shoot at eye level for kids and pets
Zoom in tight (dont leave too much headroom) Simplify the
background Watch for things growing out of the head Use good
composition (rule of 3rds, etc.) Put eye in 3 rd intersection It is
OK to cut off the top of the head Turn eyes to the light for good
catch lights Have subject sit if they appear uncomfortable or give
them a prop Have them sit on the edge of the chair and lean forward
slightly Dont have your subject say cheese, make them laugh instead
Tips for Portraits 2011 by Gregory Mills
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- Shoot wide and get in close to show environment (good for
business portraits) Dont get too close shooting wide or you will
distort the face If you shoot profiles horizontally, give some free
space in the direction they are looking Shoot most portraits in
portrait orientation Subjects dont always have to smile Tilt the
camera sometimes to add interest Turn off the on camera flash-
usually very unflattering except in bright sunlight Use off camera
flash if you need flash Use a reflector under your subject to
minimize shadows under their eyes Have people with glasses turn
away from the light to remove reflections More Tips for Portraits
2011 by Gregory Mills
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- Talk to your subject and keep them engaged Have your subject
look down, then back up and be ready when they do Dont cut off
someone at a joint Dont leave hotdogs (fingers without hands) Shoot
older subjects from above (hides double chin) Change your shooting
angle to reduce unflattering feature such as a large nose or
receding hair line Dont have your subjects body face square into
the camera (turn them at an angle) Keep space between body and arms
for a more slimming look Even More Tips for Portraits 2011 by
Gregory Mills
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- Dont put the tall people in the back when doing group
portraits- use clusters instead Arrange groups of three into a
pyramid Cluster groups around objects such as a chair or column,
rather that in rows Have people get closer than the normally would
for group or couple portraits) Have everyone close their eyes and
open them on a 3 count, take the photo on 4 (no one will be
blinking) Shoot group portraits at f/5.6 to f/11 Group photos work
better outdoors than indoors (unless you have lots of lighting
gear) Place thinner subject slightly in front of heavier subjects
(usually good choice for bride and her mother type shots) Tips for
Group Portraits 2011 by Gregory Mills
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- Shoot outdoor photos to blur out the background (shallow depth
of field- f/1.2 to f/3.5) Put the sun over your shoulder is for
amateurs. Use fill flash Use diffused light outdoors If shooting
during midday sun, find some shade Cloudy days produce great
diffused portrait light Avoid dappled light Avoid direct sunlight
Use fill flash if you must shoot in direct sunlight Tips for
Outdoor Portraits 2011 by Gregory Mills