Post on 03-Apr-2018
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Community Organizing and Socialmobilisation for Health
FRANCIS Cranmer Kyakulaga
BCH IIJanuary 2013
Introduction andkey definitions
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Background to CommunityOrganising for Health
Community organizing activities
are a way of activating thecommunity to encourage or
support social and behavioralchange (Bracht et al., 1990).
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Intro conti
It is intended to bring about change
at the community level is based onprinciples of empowerment,
community competence, active
participation and "starting where
the people are" (Minkler, 1990, p.
270).3
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Conti..
Using the various community examples
at various levels as our laboratory wewill examine organizers, issues, and
organizations involved in the practice
of community organizing. We willexplore the diverse roles, goals and
strategies used by community
organizers to affect social change.4
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Intro Conti
Models of community organizing
including; mass mobilization, socialaction, grass roots empowerment,
leadership development and
advocacy. Special attention will bepaid to issues of gender, class, race,
ethnicity in organizing for health.
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Social critics incl. Iris Marion Young argue
that, there is no universally sharedconcept of community (Young, 1986).
Community can be defined by: Patterns of interaction among individuals;
Perceptions of commonality or common interest; and/or
Geography, i.e., adjoining houses, streets, neighbourhoods,
or schools.6
What is a Community?
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Community is a group of people living
in close proximity to one another whohave formed relationships through
several overlapping and interacting
social networks and through a sharedsense of needs and local common
good (adapted from Eng & Blanchard,
1991).7
What is a Community
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Community conti
It is a group of people having ethnic or
cultural or religious characteristics incommon; "the Christian community of the
apostolic age"; "he was well known
throughout the Catholic community" It is a group of nations having common
interests; "they hoped to join the NATO
community"8
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Conti.
It is also the body of people in a learned
occupation; "the news spread rapidly throughthe medical community"
It is a district where people live; occupied
primarily by private residences In ecology, it could be a group of
interdependent organisms inhabiting the
same region and interacting with each other9
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Collaboration, partnership andjoint-
working are used interchangeably torefer to : collective actions by
individuals or their organizations for a
more shared communal benefit thaneach could accomplish as an individual
player (El Ansari et al, 2001).10
Collaboration and Partnerships
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society and social institutions
These are more than just a collection of individuals.
They include how those individuals are linked toeach other. They are sets of systems such as
economy, political organization, values, ideas,
technology, and patterns of expected behaviours
(social interaction). Individuals come in and goout (birth, death, migration), yet those institutions
(such as communities) continue; they transcend
their members. The whole is greater than the
sum of its parts.11
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Community capacity in Health
Community capacity in health is the
characteristics of communities thataffect their ability to identify, mobilize
for, and address social
and public health problems (McLeroy,
1996).
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Community empowerment:
This is a social action process that
promotes participation of people,organizations and communities towards
the goals of increased individual and
community control, political efficacy,improved quality of community life and
social justice (Wallerstein, 1992).
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Community involvement:
a deliberate strategy that systematically
promotes the participation of thecommunity in its own health development
in order to benefit from increased local self-
reliance and social control over the
infrastructure and technology of health
care (adapted from Kahssay & Oakley,
1999 and Fonaroff, 1983).14
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Community Mobilisation
This is process of involving people to organise
and take action to achieve a commonobjective which will be beneficial to them. For
example, an NGO/CBO may mobilise women
and political leaders in one community to
participate in a water and sanitation project.
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Social mobilization
Dialogue and negotiations with individualmembers, heads of households and influentialcommunity members
Involving religious, community leaders, NGOsand other influential champions in the district tomobilize for immunization
Work with line departments including education,community development Sub County andParish chiefs) in the district
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Advocacy
Dissemination of information on the immunization
status by administrative/political area (Sub County,
Constituency and Parish) to Civic and Politicalleaders to make them aware of the performance
of their area of jurisdiction, to come up with
evidence based interventions to improve
immunization services
Involving the political leadership district
executive, councilors, members of parliament and
child right advocates in the district to advocate for
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What is community participation?
The processes we refer to and advocate in our
work and publications, involve much more thansimply informing the relevant publics. While in
Australia the terms consultation and
participation are often used interchangeably,
we choose to make a distinction to highlight thepartnership qualities of the work we describe.
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Community health structures:
These a wide range of
organizations, formal andinformal groups and networks
within the defined community.
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Competent community:
one whose members can
collaborate effectively in identifyingproblems, can reach consensus on
goals and strategies, and can
cooperate in the actions necessary
to acquire resources to solve those
problems (Cottrell, 1983).20
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District health system:
A self-contained segment of the
national health system consistingof a well-defined population living
within a clearly delineated
administrative and geographical
area, whether urban or rural
(WHO, 1995).21
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Political and administrative structure
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Health service structures:
Those structures within the local
health system that providepromotive, preventive, curative and
palliative services by formal
(professional and para-professional)
health workers.
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HSD
District Health Services HQ
National Referral HOSP
Referral Facility(Public or NGO)
(HC IV or HOSPITAL)
HC II HC II
HOUSEHOLDS / COMMUNITIES / VILLAGES
Regional Referral
HOSPITALS
HC II HC II HC II
HC IIIHC IIIHC III
MOH Headquarters
District
Health
Services
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Interface:
The point where interaction
occurs between the healthservice structures and
community structures.
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Synergy:
This is increased effectiveness or
achievement produced bycombined action or cooperation.
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