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COMMON DRUGS & THEIR USES
Chapter 18 BCC
Pharmacy Technician
ObjectivesAt the completion of the study the student
will: Describe how drugs are named Describe how drugs are classified List brand and generic names for
commonly prescribed drugs Identify at least one medical use for
drugs that are commonly prescribed Identify medication safety issues for
commonly prescribed drugs
Drug Names & Classes A drug is named by it’s chemicals and
describes it’s structure/components Marketed drugs under patent protection
have one nonproprietary or generic name and one proprietary or brand name
The US Adopted Names Council (USAN) designates the official nonproprietary names for drugs
Classification Schemes Various systems of classification By disorder, body system affected, type
of receptor acted on, type of action, etc. Can be complicated… P. 421 Classifications we have been using
Analgesics Analgesic drugs create a state in which
the pain from a painful medical condition is reduced or not felt. Angalesics Action
Salicylates Relieve mild to moderate pain. Anti-inflammatoryAnti-pyretic
Acetaminophen Relieves mild to moderate pain. Anti-pyretic
NSAIDS More potent than salicylatesRelieve moderate painAnti-inflammatoryAnti-pyretic
Opiate-type For severe painAddiciting
Anesthetic Agents Cause an absence of sensation or pain. Local or general Local anesthetics block pain conduction
from peripheral nerves to the CNS Dental work, birth pain, sunburn, hemorrhoids Groups: Esters, Amides, Others
General anesthesia depresses the CNS to the level of unconsciousness. Classified by route of administration Stages I, II, III, IV
Anti-Infective Treat disease produced by
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and parasitic worms
Types of action Damage bacterial cell wall, modify protein
synthesis, modify energy metabolism, modify DNA synthesis
Classes Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antifungals
Antineoplastics Treatment of cancer Drugs are targeted at cells with fast growth
rates Toxicity destroys cancerous and healthy cells Classes
Antimetabolites Alkylating Agents Plant Alkaloids Hormones Anti-tumor Antibiotics Radioactive Isotopes
Cardiovascular Agents Treat disease and conditions of the heart. Classes by Action Classes by Condition:
Antianginals Antiarrhythmics Antihyperlipidemics Antihypertensives Thmobolytics Vasopressors
Dermatologicals Skin (Integumentary System) the body’s
largest organ Drugs used to treat conditions related to
the skin Trauma, edema, rashes, pigment, dry
skin or scaling, cancers, growths
Electrolytic Agents Maintaining the proper balance of body
fluids is essential to health and body function.
Water is the primary element in the body Electrolytes are water soluble substances
that are contained in our body fluids as salts.
Common Electrolytes Sodium Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate
Gastrointestinal & Urinary Tract Agents
Treat disorders of the stomach or intestines
Classes: Enzymes, Antidiarrheals, Antiemetics, Antacid, Laxatives, Urinary Tract Agents
Hemtological Agents Blood coagulation or clotting is a complex
process in which the protein fibrinogen is transformed to an insoluble fiber called fibrin
Hematopoietics are drugs that treat various forms of anemias by stimulating or helping to stimulate blood cell growth.
Hemostatic drugs are used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding.
Hormones & Modifiers Hormones are secretions of the
endocrine system’s ductless glands.
The endocrine system regulates our weight, appetites and metabolism, raises or lowers our blood sugar levels, is responsible for normal growth and brain development, signals menstruation, and stimulates the production of sperm and ovaries in human sexual reproduction.
Endocrine glands release more than 20 major hormones directly into the bloodstream where they can be transported to cells that have built-in receptors to receive them.
Immunobiologic Agents & Vaccines
Used to produce passive or active immunity Some Immunobiologic agents contain antibodies that
attack and destroy antigens Immunobiologic agents can be either vaccines, toxoids or
immune globulins There is a possibility that an immune globulin can contain
an infectious agent—watch for signs of infection Passive immunity from animals may be used for pathogens
such as : diphtheria, rabies, botulism, and black widow spider venom
Human passive immunity is often used in the treatment of: measles, pertussis, mumps, tetanus, and hepatitis A and B
A toxoid is a toxin that is no longer toxic but is till able to stimulate the production of antibodies
Musculoskeletal Agents Muscular System Skeletal System Conditions Types: Anti-Gout,
osteoporotic, antispasmodics, muscle relaxant
Neurological Agents Nervous system- CNS & PNS Nerve impulses are communicated
through chemical transmissions Disorders: Parkinson’s Disease,
Alzheimer’s Disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, multiple sclerosis and ADHD.
Ophthalmic & Otic Agents Eye and ear treatments Infection and inflammation Ophthalmic agents treat conditions such as
glaucoma, eye infection, eye pain, and inflammation (also used in eye examinations)
Otic agents treat conditions such as accumulation of ear wax and infections to the outer ear
Types of Ophthalmics: Antibiotics, Antiviral, Antihistamine, Cortico-steroids, NSAIDS, Mydriatics, Ocular lubricant, Antiglaucoma
Types of Otics: Anti-infective, Ear wax softener
Psychotropic Agents Psychotropic drugs
are drugs that affect behavior, psychiatric state and sleep.
Antipsychotic, antiseizure, sedatives, hypnotics, antianxiety, antidepressants, drugs for treating alcohol and drug dependency
Respiratory Agents Balancing oxygen and carbon dioxide
levels correctly is essential to health. Use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide
as waste. Respiratory system is responsible for this
exchange. Common disorders: Asthma, allergy,
emphysema, bronchitis, COPD and pneumoia.
Common drugs: antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives and bronchodilators
Review END of Chapter Review Match Terms Multiple choice
Questions?