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Inthewakeofmultimillion-dollarpoliticalcampaignsfundedwithout-of-statemoney,ColoradoandWashingtonvotedtolegalizemarijuanainNovember2012.Thoughitwouldtakemorethanayeartosetupretailstores,personaluse(inColoradoandWashington),andhomecultivation/givingawayofuptosixplants(inColorado)werealmostimmediatelylegalizedafterthevote.

Publicmarijuanause,thoughillegal,remainsacommonwaytocelebratethelaw.Also,abrand-newmarijuanaindustrysellingcandies,waxes,sodas,

andothermarijuanaitemshasexploded,andwithitalobbytoKightregulation.

These“experiments”inlegalizationandcommercialization,havenotsucceeded.Perhapsunsurprisingly,Coloradonowleadsthecountryinpast-monthmarijuanausebyyouth,withWashingtonin6thplace.Otherstatesthathavesincelegalizedmarijuanaoccupy4thplace(DistrictofColumbia)and5thplace(Oregon).Stateswith“medicalmarijuana”lawsoccupy2ndand3rdplace(VermontandRhodeIsland,respectively).Additionally,asexplainedingreaterdetailbelow,thelawshavehad

serious,negativeimpactsonpublichealthandsafety.

Thefederalgovernment,throughtheDepartmentofJustice(DOJ),announceditwouldinitiallytakeahands-offapproach,promisingtotracktheconsequencesoflegalization,fromyouthmarijuanausetouseonpubliclands,anddetermineactionlater.Sofar,however,neitherthefederalnorstateauthoritieshaveimplementedarobustpublictrackingsystem.ThisfailureledtheU.S.GovernmentAccountabilityOfKice(GAO)tocriticizeDOJin2016fornotappropriatelymonitoringanddocumentingoutcomes.

US WA CO

20.7%19.1%

12.9%

18.9%17.6%

12.2%

16.1%15.3%

11.6%

2011-20122012-20132013-2014

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

US WA CO

20.7%18.9%

12.9%

18.9%17.5%

12.3%

16.2%15.4%

11.8%

PAST-YEARMARIJUANAUSEBYSTATE(AGES18+)PAST-YEARMARIJUANAUSEBYSTATE(AGES12+)

COLORADO&WASHINGTONSTATESINCELEGALIZATION

PAST-MONTHMARIJUANAUSEBYAGEGROUP(2013-2014)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Ages12+ 12-17years 18-25years Ages26+

12.4%

31.2%

12.6%14.9%

11.2%

24.5%

10.1%12.8%

6.1%

19.3%

7.2%8.0%

USWACO

Source:NSDUH

LessonsAMerThreeYearsofMarijuanaLegalizaUonShortReport

IssuedFebruary17,2016

WWW.LEARNABOUTSAM.ORG FEBRUARY17,2016

Source:NSDUH

Past-yearandpast-monthmarijuanausebyallagegroupsexceedsthe

nationalaverageinbothWashingtonStateandColorado.MarijuanauseinbothstateshasrisensigniKicantly*in

manycategories.

*SigniKicantatthe0.05level.

2

TEENADMISSIONSTOTREATMENT

Teenadmissionstotreatmentformarijuanauseatthe

ArapahoeHousetreatmentnetworkinCOincreasedby66%

between2011and2014.

WWW.LEARNABOUTSAM.ORG

TEENARRESTS

ArrestsformarijuanauseinDenverpublicschoolsincreasedby6%betweenthe2013and2014

schoolyears.+66%

Source:DenverPoliceDepartment

+6%

MARIJUANA-RELATEDPOISONINGSHAVERISENSHARPLYINBOTHSTATES

FEBRUARY17,2016

Source:ArapahoeHouse

PoisoningsrelatedtomarijuanahavesurgedinbothColoradoandWashingtonsincebothstateslegalizedmarijuanain2012.

Source:RockyMountainHIDTA(Sep.2015) Source:WashingtonPoisonCenter

COLORADO WASHINGTON

MARIJUANA-RELATEDDUICASESHAVESPIKEDINBOTHCOLORADO&WASHINGTONAFTERLEGALIZATION

PercentageoftotalDUI/DREcasestestedposiUveforTHC*inWA

0%

9%

17%

26%

34%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015*

32.7%

28.0%

24.7%

18.6%20.2%19.4%

18.2%

*2015datathroughJune2015 Source:NPR&WashingtonTrafKicSafetyCommission(w/updated2012-15statistics)Note:ThisstudyusedtoxicologydatathathadbeennormalizedbytheStateofWashingtontoallowforamulti-yearcomparison,despitethefactthata“marijuanapositive”isnowtriggeredatthe2ng/mllevelversusa1ng/mllevelpriorto2013.

Source:ColoradoStatePatrol;RockyMountainHIDTA(Sep.2015) Note:Only47%ofoperatorsinvolvedintrafKicdeathsweretestedfordrugimpairmentin2014,consistentwithpastpractices

PercentageoftotaltrafficfataliUeswherethedrivertestedposiUveforTHCinCO

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

19.3%

14.8%16.5%

14.1%10.9%10.1%

7.8%7.0%6.9%

PercentageoftotalDUI/DUIDcitaUonsrelatedtomarijuanainCO

20142015

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%

14.6%12.2%

COLORADO WASHINGTON

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ISTHEMARIJUANAINDUSTRYTARGETINGLOW-INCOME,MINORITYCOMMUNITIES? ATHRIVINGBLACKMARKETINCOLORADO

A2016investigationbytheDenverPostrevealedthata“disproportionateshare"ofmarijuanabusinessesarenowlocatedinlower-incomeandminoritycommunitiesinDenver,communitiesthatoftensufferdisparateimpactsofdruguse.ThisissimilartoaJohnsHopkinsstudythatshowedthatpredominantlyblack,low-incomeneighborhoodsinBaltimorewereeighttimesmorelikelytohavecarry-outliquorstoresthanwhiteorraciallyintegratedneighborhoods.

+12.5%

DENVERCITYANDCOUNTYCRIMEISUP

InFebruary2015,ColoradoAttorneyGeneralCynthiaCoffmantoldreporters:"Thecriminalsarestillsellingontheblackmarket.…WehaveplentyofcartelactivityinColorado(and)plentyofillegalactivitythathasnotdecreasedatall.”Lt.MarkComteoftheColoradoSpringsPoliceViceandNarcoticsUnitsimilarlycommentedthat“[legalization]hasdonenothingmorethanenhancetheopportunityfortheblackmarket.”Indeed,afederallawenforcementofKicialcharacterizedColoradoas“theblackmarketfortherestofthecountry.”

Source:ColoradoSpringsGazette&USAToday

FEBRUARY17,2016

Source:RockyMountainHIDTA(Sep.2015)

0

100

200

300

400

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

320

207158

36150

521%

#ofparcelsofmarijuanamailedfromCOtoanotherstate&interdictedbytheUSPSIn2014,therewere360

highwayinterdictionsresultinginseizuresofColorado

marijuanadestinedtoover40states.

Thisrepresentsa31%increasefrom2012,anda521%increasefrom2008.

COLORADOMARIJUANAISREGULARLYDIVERTEDTOOTHERSTATES

InthecityandcountyofDenver,overallcrimewasup4.1%in2015,comparedtotheprioryear.Mostsaliently,drugandnarcoticscrimerose12.5%,belyingrampantmediareportsof“legalizationlinkedwitha

dropincrime.”

WWW.LEARNABOUTSAM.ORG

+26.3% +74.2%Drug/narcotics

crimeMotorvehicle

theftHomicide

Source:RockyMountainHIDTA(Sep.2015)

47OneofDenver’slower-income

neighborhoodshasonemarijuanabusinessforevery47

residents.

Source:DenverPoliceDepartment(NIBRS,accessedFebruary17,2016)

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PRIVATEEQUITYANDINSTITUTIONALCAPITALAREFLOWINGINTOMARIJUANA

Themarijuana-focusedprivateequityKirm,PrivateerHoldings,inpartnershipwiththedescendantsofBobMarley,havecreatedamultinationalcannabisbrandcalledMarleyNatural.Investorshavealreadyraised$50milliontolaunchMarleyNaturalandotherbrandedmarijuanabusinesses.Thepoliticalcampaignstolegalizemarijuanadonotmentionthesebrandedmarijuanaproducts,candies,oradvertisingpractices.

ABOUTTWO-THIRDSOFCOLORADOMUNICIPALITIESHAVEBANNEDMARIJUANA

MARIJUANAEDIBLESPOSEAPUBLICHEALTHRISK

4%

67%10%

20%

Salespermitted SalespermittedbuttaxedBanormoratorium Unknown

Source:ColoradoMunicipalitiesLeague

WWW.LEARNABOUTSAM.ORG FEBRUARY17,2016

Afull181ofColorado’s271municipalities—67%—hadbannedmarijuanaintheir

jurisdictions,orhadpassedamoratoriumonitscultivation/sale,asofApril2015.

Ediblesoftencontain3-20timestheTHCconcentrationrecommendedforintoxication.

Therehavebeenatleastthreedeathsrelatedtomarijuanaediblesthrough2015.

WhileColoradoislookingathowtocontrolthisindustry,themarijuanaindustrymarcheson-defendinggummybears,cupcakes,sugarycerealsandsodas-similartohowBigTobaccodefendedtheirpracticesforacentury.

TARGETINGCHILDREN?

Source:Fortune

Source:FoodSafetyNews;MaineAlliancetoPreventSubstanceAbuse

Tobaccoindustrymascots:JoeCamel

Marijuanaindustrymascots:“Buddie"

5

66%

MARIJUANA-RELATEDHOSPITALIZATIONSHAVERISENANAVERAGEOF30%PERYEARSINCELEGALIZATION

184In2013,Denverpoliceissued184citationsforpublicdisplay

and/orconsumptionofmarijuana.

761In2015,761citationswere

issuedforpublicconsumption,a314%

increase.

Source:DenverPost;ColoradoPublicRadio

HospitalizaConsrelatedtomarijuanainColorado(COHospitalAssociaCon)

WWW.LEARNABOUTSAM.ORG FEBRUARY17,2016

MOREMARIJUANACITATIONSINDENVERAFINANCIALBOON?NOTFORGOVERNMENTS,BASEDON

THETOBACCOANDALCOHOLINDUSTRIES

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

0 4000 8000 12000

11,439

8,272

6,715

6,305

6,019

Source:RockyMountainHIDTA(Sep.2015)

COLORADOKIDSARESTILLABLETOOBTAINMARIJUANA,THROUGHTHEBLACKMARKETORFRIENDS/FAMILY

SourceofmarijuanaforColoradohighschoolstudents(schoolcounselorsurvey)

"Medical MJ" cardholders"Medical MJ" caregivers

"Medical MJ" dispensariesRetail MJ stores

Black marketParents

Other familyFriends who bought MJ legally

0% 7.5% 15% 22.5% 30%Source:RockyMountainHIDTA(Sep.2015)

Source:CDC,AmericanLungAssociation;TaxPolicyCenter

6

WWW.LEARNABOUTSAM.ORG FEBRUARY17,2016

NODATA,NOCOSTACCOUNTING,NOPROBLEM?

MoresophisticateddataaresorelylackingwithrespecttomarijuanainColoradoandWashington.Real-timedataareneededonboththeconsequencesoflegalizationandtheeconomiccostsofsuchapolicy,suchas:

• Emergencyroomandhospitaladmissionsrelatedtomarijuana• Marijuanapotencyandpricetrendsinthelegalandillegalmarkets• Schoolincidentsrelatedtomarijuana,includingrepresentativedatasets• Extentofmarijuanaadvertisingtowardyouthanditsimpact• Marijuana-relatedcarcrashes,includingTHClevelsevenwhenBACisover0.08• Mentalhealtheffectsofmarijuana• Marijuanabriefinterventionandtreatmentadmissions• Costofimplementinglegalizationfromlawenforcementtoregulators• Costofmentalhealthandaddictiontreatmentrelatedtoincreasedmarijuanause• Costofneedingbutnotreceivingtreatment• Effectonthemarketforalcoholandotherdrugs• Costtoworkplaceandemployers• Impactonemployeeproductivity

SAMSCIENCEADVISORS:

• HooverAdger,MD,ProfessorofPediatricsandDirectorofAdolescentMedicine,JohnsHopkinsUniversity• EdenEvins,MD,MPH,AssociateProfessorofPsychiatry,HarvardMedicalSchool• StuartGitlow,MD,MPH,MBA,President,AmericanSocietyofAddictionMedicine• SionHarris,PhD,CenterforAdolescentSubstanceAbuseResearch,Children’sHospitalBoston• SharonLevy,MD,MPH,AssistantProfessorofPediatrics,HarvardMedicalSchool• KimberRichter,MD,PhD,ProfessorofPreventiveMedicineandPublicHealth,UniversityofKansas.• PaulaRiggs,MD,AssociateProfessorofPsychiatry,UniversityofColoradoatDenver• ChristianThurstone,MD,AssociateProfessorofPsychiatry,UniversityofColorado• KathrynWells,MD,AssociateProfessorofPediatrics,UniversityofColoradoatDenver• KrishnaUpadhya,MD,MPH,AssistantProfessorofPediatrics,JohnsHopkinsSchoolofMedicine

Comprisingthetopscientistsandthinkersinthemarijuanaresearchandpracticespace,SAMworkstobridgethegapbetweenthepublic’sunderstandingofmarijuanaandscience’sunderstandingofmarijuana.Atthelocal,state,tribal,andfederallevels,SAMseekstoalignmarijuanapolicyandattitudesaboutthedrugwith21st-centuryscience,whichcontinuestoshowhowmarijuanauseharmsthemindandbody.SAMarguesagainstextremesinmarijuanapolicy,andopposesbothincarcerationforlow-leveluseandblanketlegalization,favoringinsteadahealth-basedmarijuanapolicy.Learnmoreatwww.learnaboutsam.org.

ABOUTSMARTAPPROACHESTOMARIJUANA(SAM)