Post on 14-Dec-2015
Cold WarA conflict that is not “hot” (no actual
war)Just doing things to hurt your enemy
without actually going to warThe Reason –
M utuallyA ssuredD estruction
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
Defense Secretary Robert McNamara came up with this policy
The idea was to build up your nuclear arsenal to make the counter-strike so frightening that neither side would use their weapons
The belief was that if no one – Soviet or American – could survive a nuclear war, then there would not be one
Has NOTHING to do with snow or cold temperatures
A 46 year (1945-1991) competition between the United States and the Soviet Union
Each side was trying to prove which society was the best
The Soviet Union was trying to get communism to new countries (China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)
The U.S. was trying to stop communism from spreading
There were 2 Germanys (east/west Germany – Berlin Wall)
There was an “arms race” each side was racing to make more nuclear bombs than the other side
There was a “space race” a race to see who could get into space 1st
Cuba allied with USSR and pointed missiles at the US
Each side had hundreds of spies People were kept inside
communist countries by barbed wire and machine guns (Berlin Wall)
Different Ideologies (ideas that shape and guide a group)
East (Soviet Union USSR) Socialism (government
controls all – jobs, industry, housing, education, healthcare)
No one is homeless No one is without healthcare Not a lot of things to buy Rule by 1 party (communist
party)
Government controlled media (no free speech)
Want communism to spread Citizens cannot leave
(barbed wire) Godless- atheism
West- (USA and Western Europe)
Capitalism (profit $$$ goes to the people) – more stores and stuff to buy but there are winners and losers (rich and poor)
Democracy – Rule by the people
Free speech, free press Free travel outside the
country Trying to stop the
spread of communism In God we trust
What would Lenin say about capitalism?
What would a millionaire say about Socialism?
Trying to gain Countries (Allies) for World War III
America: stopping the Spread of the Red
Atheist: NO God materialist- everything is “matter” there’s no soul –no heaven-no God
“religion is the opiate of the masses”
People need to be stirred up, mad want Revolution
Religion was a “drug” that got people thinking of heaven
Most communists were atheists
Believers were heavily persecuted
Closed and destroyed churches
Thousands of priests sent to concentration camps or shot
Brainwashed kids Museums of atheism Anti- religious posters “Red” weddings/funerals
*You hate communism
*You wanted Hitler to hurt us
*You didn’t share the German rocket technology
*You give money to countries to stop communists
*You are godless atheists*Communists take away people’s land and businesses
*You don’t allow freedom
*You are trying to spread communism around the world*You force communism on countries
Why didn’t Stalin trust America or Britain?
Why didn’t the US and Britain Trust Stalin?
KGB: Russian spies and secret policeCIA: spies from the USA
Potsdam, Germany July 1945
Churchill, Truman, Stalin Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Yalta, Russia February1945
Potsdam, Germany
Yalta, Russia
Meetings between Allied leaders at the end of WWII
Yalta - February 1945
Friendly Divide Germany into 4
parts USSR agrees to help
with Japan
Potsdam- July 1945
Not friendly Disagreements over
Germany and Eastern Europe
US has the atomic bomb and Stalin knows it
Churchill, Truman, StalinChurchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
Potsdam, Germany July 1945
Yalta, Russia Feb. 1945
Churchill, Truman, StalinChurchill, Roosevelt, Stalin
After WWII Stalin’s
armies stayed in the countries of eastern Europe and rigged elections to make sure that all of them had Communist governments
“Issues” the U.S. and USSR had with each other
1. During WWII Stalin was pissed that the US was taking so long to enter the Europe war
2. US shared nuclear secrets with Britain but not Russia
3. The United States was sneaky with the German rocket technology
4. Stalin said that he would allow free elections in eastern Europe – but didn’t
5. Communists destroy religion
6. Communists want to spread communism
7. Stalin started giving weapons and $$$ to Mao and the communists in China
6.
Closing Activity:1. What are 2 characteristics of
communism?2. What would a communist say about
capitalism? 3. What would a capitalist say about
Communism?4. Why was Stalin suspicious of
USA/Britain?5. Why is the US giving away money?6. What are 3 things that suck about living
under communism?7. Why is the US suspicious of USSR?
1.When were the 2 meetings of Yalta and Potsdam?2.Was Hitler dead for both?3. Was the Atomic bomb available for both?4. What were some things that were decided at Yalta?5. What were some changes by the time Potdsam came around? 6. What were “issues” at each?
Closing Activity: Complete these sentences
1. Yalta…2. Potsdam…3.The 3 leaders at Yalta were 4. The 3 leaders at Potsdam were…
5. Eastern European countries…6. Truman and Stalin disagreed at
Potsdam by….7.
Drama between USSR and the West after WWII
Will Stalin allow free elections in eastern Europe?
Will the US share information about the Atomic bomb?
Why all the drama? Russian troops stay
in Eastern Europe Stalin arrests
opponents of communism in E. Europe
Russians close the borders of Eastern Europe with barbed wire
The Russians form Cominform to push communism in other countries
Americans do not share Atomic bomb with Russia
Truman says that the US will get involved to stop communism (containment)
The US gives billions in aid in the Marshall Plan
The Western nations form NATO
Churchill’s reference to the “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Baltic
to Trieste in the Adriatic an
"iron curtain" has descended across the Continent.
Iron Curtain: a curtain or wall of barbed wire and guards that stop anyone in eastern Europe from leaving and going to the west
The Marshall Plan
The United States loaning millions of dollars and goods to the countries in Europe to help revive their economies
And keep their capitalistic governments stable so that they wouldn’t turn to communism
Truman Doctrine A.K.A “Containment:”
The U.S. policy of getting very involved in containing communism to the countries where it already is Giving aid in money and weapons to countries who are in danger of falling to communismGoal: DON’T LET IT SPREAD!
Even going to war Think – China, Korea,
Vietnam
Contain the “Kool AID” COMMUNISM
Also in 1949
West Berlin: the island of capitalism in the sea of
communism
Berlin Blockade of 1948 1949 US, Britain
and France joined their 3 parts together
This infuriated Stalin and he cut off all supply lines into Berlin
The Allies flew supplies into Berlin
Stalin decided not to start a war so West Berlin remained free
Berlin Blockade of 1948
Churchill’s reference to the “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Baltic
to Trieste in the Adriatic an
"iron curtain" has descended across the Continent.
Definition: a curtain or wall of barbed wire and guards that stop anyone in eastern Europe from leaving and going to the west
Berlin Wall: Constructed 1961- Torn down 1989
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
A military alliance of countries in Western Europe and North America to create strength against the USSR
Formed in 1949 How it works: If one country gets
attacked all the others help
Warsaw Pact:
The USSR and Countries of Eastern Europe’s alliance against NATO
Formed in 1955
Basically Stalin’s response to NATO
United Nations UN Formed after in 1945
WWII centered in New York Mission: to keep peace
and tackle world problems
NOT repeat the mistakes of the League of Nations
General Assembly Began with 51 nations.
Now has 193 – all can vote – voice opinions
Security Council 15 countries – makes the decisions
5 Permanent members with VETO power
5 permanent members of the UN Security Council
USSR, Britain, USA, China, France
Can Veto (stop) any UN action
Nikita Krushchev
3rd dictator of USSR (after Lenin and Stalin)
Was leader for Sputnik, 1st man in space, built the Berlin Wall
Put Missiles in Cuba
Presidents during the Cold War in the 50s and 60s
Harry Truman 1947-1953
Dwight D Eisenhower 1953-1961
John F Kennedy 1961-1963
Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) 1963-1968 (Vietnam)
Hydrogen Bomb Are aka
thermonuclear bombs
Developed in 1953 1,000 times more
powerful than Atomic bombs
H-bombs use fusion – ramming particles together (atomic bombs use fission –splitting atoms)
Arms Race A competition or “race” to see which side (USA or USSR) could build the biggest and most
Missiles, airplanes, ships, tanks
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
Defense Secretary Robert McNamara came up with this policy
The idea was to build up your nuclear arsenal to make the counter-strike so frightening that neither side would use their weapons
The belief was that if no one – Soviet or American – could survive a nuclear war, then there would not be one
Space Race
A race between the US and USSR dealing with trying to fire rockets and objects into to space
If a rocket could leave the atmosphere it could surely travel across oceans
Sputnik The first man-made
satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union in October of 1957
Space Race
Yuri Gagarin
1st man into space 1961
Capitalism Communism (socialism)
Individuals (private citizens) own the means of production i.e. Phelps/Dodge mining company, Ford Motor Company, Nike, Coca Cola, Southwest Airlines, McDonalds, Hilton hotels, apartment complexes, thousands of acres of farmland, basically everything
Private individuals own the housing so people have to pay rent or buy
Private citizens own the hospitals or insurance companies so you have to pay for healthcare
Many schools are private - Harvard, Stanford, Duke University so students have to pay thousands in tuition
Banks loan money so you can borrow “capital” to start your own business and make millions
Winners (rich) Losers (poor) The rich influence lawmakers to
stay in power It is very hard for the workers to
go to college, borrow money so some say that the system is unfair
Government or state control the factories (government controls all trains, mining, factories, restaurants, hotels, etc.) workers work for the government
Government owns all housing so no one is homeless
Government owns all the hospitals – free healthcare
Government controls all schools – free tuition
No banks, no advertising, no commercials because no one is trying to become rich
you can’t own your own company and then create a chain of stores to become rich
No one is motivated to become rich so they don’t make thousands of stores – so there aren’t lots of things to buy
Think of the cereal aisle in an American grocery store – in a communist country Cuba) there might be only white boxes that read “Corn Flakes”
Capitalism is evil. Greed makes man exploit his fellow man
Socialism (government running things) is for the good of all – no one is homeless, unemployed or without health care
Capitalism is always about expanding and taking more – look at colonization
The USA and Britain entered into France (D-day) late because they wanted Germany to destroy Russia
The USA and its allies are giving tons of money to countries to stop countries from choosing communism on their own
The USA is barbaric look at how they used the Atomic bomb on Japan
We need to get nuclear weapons to protect ourselves from the USA
Competition between businesses is good – makes a better product
Private companies do a better job at running things than the government. Think of hospitals
Communism takes competition out and no one is competing to make better products
We in the west are afraid that the USSR will never leave Eastern Europe- you will force communist governments on them
Karl Marx envisioned a world where communism overthrew capitalism – we know that is USSR’s goal
The USSR is giving aid the communists in China –you want communism to spread to China
We need to build our military to keep communism from spreading
The Cold War Has NOTHING to do with snow or
cold temperatures!!!!!! A 46 + year (1945-1991)
competition between the United States and the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was trying to help countries become “communist” and the U.S. was trying to stop countries from falling to communism
Each side had spies trying to get info to hurt the other
Each side was trying to prove what system was better – Communism or Capitalism
USA was helping Russia’s enemies USSR was helping USA ‘s enemies (China, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, etc.)
There were 2 Germanys There was an “arms race” each
side was racing to make more nuclear bombs than the other side
There was a “space race” a race to see whose rocket technology could get more things into space and eventually the moon
“Issues” the U.S. and USSR had with each other
1. During WWII Stalin was pissed that the US was taking so long to enter the Europe war
2. Stalin had spies in New Mexico stealing Atomic secrets
3. The United States stole all the German rocket technology
4. Stalin said that he would allow free elections in eastern Europe – but didn’t
5. Stalin started giving weapons and $$$ to Mao and the communists in China
6. Soviet troops stayed in North Korea and Eastern Europe
“I do not know with what weapons World War 3 will be fought but World War 4 will be fought with sticks and stones”
Albert Einstein
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin at Yalta discussing what to do with Germany
after W.W.II
EUROPE after W.W.II: notice the NATO countries and Warsaw Pact
countries the “Iron Curtain”
Domino Theory: the belief by American military leaders that if one
country in a region fell to communism then all the countries in that region
would eventually fall to communism as well
Chinese Civil War
Mao Zedong Supported by USSR Had the support of the
peasants Went on the “long
march” and survived and thrived
Won the war and made China communist
Jiang Jieshi Supported by the US Had the support of the
business men Corruption and poor
leadership lost the war Lost the war and fled
to Taiwan
The Korean War 1950-1953
The 38th parallel At the end of World War II
Koreans in northern Korea surrendered to Soviet troops
Koreans living in the south surrendered to U.S. forces
A temporary truce divided the country at the 38th parallel
There was a communist North Korea and a
capitalistic South Korea
1949 Soviet supplies
Soon after The Soviet Union
started to supply North Korea with tanks, airplanes, and money in order to take over the peninsula.
Korean War begins On June 25, 1950 North
Korea invaded South Korea
South Korea asked the UN for help
The UN discussed its options
Truman, following the “containment”, doctrine
told the world the US would defend South Korea
15 other UN nations joined the US
UN veto? South Korea asked UN to
intervene. When the vote came to the
security council, the Soviets could not veto because they were absent protesting the fact that China was still being represented by Capitalist Chiang Kai Shek and not Communist Mao Zedong
The rest of the security council (Britain, U.S., capitalist China, and France voted to send troops to help South Korea
Troops
A total of 18 nations, including United States and Britain.
They were all under the direct command of General Douglas MacArthur.
Early in the Korean War By September of 1950
the North Koreans had control of the entire peninsula.
The only part that they didn’t have control of was a small part called Pusan.
MacArthur launched a surprise attack using troops on the ground from Pusan, and a amphibious assault from Inchon.
China gets involved The UN troops
pursued the retreating North Koreans across the 38th parallel.
They had pushed them to the Yalu River, at the Chinese border.
The Chinese felt threaten by the US involvement, and the American Fleet off of their coast.
So In October of 1950, the Chinese sent 300,000 troops into North Korea.
Damn! China’s in With the Chinese
troops helping North Korea, the War Changed.
The Chinese greatly outnumber the UN forces.
By January 1951, they had push the UN completely out of North Korea.
Then they quickly moved into South Korea and captured the capital of Seoul.
Truman and MacArthur After the capture of the
Capital, MacArthur called for a nuclear attack against China.
Truman thought that this proposal by MacArthur was careless.
Truman told MacArthur that, “We are trying to prevent another World War, not start one.”
In turn General MacArthur said some negatives comments about Truman and tried to go over the president’s head and appeal to congress.
Truman addressing the nation informing them of his decision to remove or “fire” MacArthur from his role
“Cease-fire” at the 38th parallel
After two years of fighting, the UN forces regained what was South Korea,
Both sides signed an armistice or cease-fire agreement
No peace treaty was signed
It was only a cease-fire agreement
The border between the North and South Korea was still the 38th parallel.
The aftermath of the Korean War
At the hand of Communist dictator Kim II Sung, North Korea established collective farms.
Developed heavy industry
Built up a military. Kim Il Sung’s son Kim
Jong Il has been a brutal tyrant – jailing thousands, people in his country have experienced food shortages and he’s been in trouble for obtain nuclear weapons illegally
South Korea prospered, with the help of the United States and other countries.
South Korea concentrated on developing its industry.
They also concentrated on expanding their foreign trade.
Closing activity: Complete the sentence 1. The Truman Doctrine or “containment”___ 2. The Marshall Plan___________ 3. the Iron Curtain___________ 4. NATO is a _____________ 5. The UN ______________ 6. The Warsaw Pact___________ 7. The UN went to fight in South Korea
because_______ 8. The Chinese___________ 9. Douglas Mac Arthur wanted to _______ 10. President Truman _____________ 11. The 38th parallel __________
Fulgencia Batista:Cuba’s corrupt dictator and Fidel Castro and Che Guevara:
The Revolutionaries
Bay of Pigs The CIA (USA)
provided weapons, transportion for 1,400 Cuban exiles who wanted to overthrow Castro
Castro knew they were coming and had 20,000 troops and killed or captured them
Huge embarrassment for the United States
Ernesto “Che” Guevara
Closing Activity: Complete the sentence
1. before Castro’s Revolution the USA and Cuba..
2.Castro took over Cuba in the year…3. Castro was receiving ______ from USSR4. The Bay of Pigs….5. Russia gave Cuba….6. US spy planes saw______ in Cuba7. A choice president Kennedy had were…8. Another choice Kennedy had was….9.
Oct 16th JFK is informedOct 20th Kennedy decide to Blockade10/22 Kennedy tells world of the
Blockade10/23 Letter from Kruschev10/24 Soviet ships are blocked by the
blockade10/25 letter from Kruschev10/26 3rd letter from Kruschev10/27 Kennedy says ok to the deal10/28 Kruschev agrees to take
missiles out
Kennedy’s Options
Do NothingBomb with
planesFull scale
InvasionBlockade
What would be good about this?
What would be bad about this option?
Turkey
Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis
Democrats fared well in the Congressional elections of 1962
Kennedy pushed for a nuclear test-ban treaty (one was signed in late 1963)
Installation in August 1963 of a Moscow-Washington “hot line” for easy communication in case of crisis (teletype machine, not telephone)
Kennedy advocated to not think of the Soviet Union as a devil-ridden country
VIETNAM
In the later 1950s fighting broke out between the North and the South
The United States sent military aid to the South Vietnamese because they were afraid of the
‘Domino Theory”