“A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and managed computer infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption1”

“Cloud computing is an emerging approach to shared infrastructure in which large pools of systems are linked together to provide IT services.”

SaaS› Software as a Service› Storage as a Service

PaaS – Platform as a Service IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service

In SaaS no need to buy expensive licensed applications Examples: SalesForce, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Quicken Online  Instead of selling you a copy of Microsoft Word for $300, a

cloud computing model would "rent" word processing software to you through the Internet for perhaps 5 dollars a month.

Advantages: Free, Easy,  repair a single central copy of the product online

Disadvantages: Limited functionality, no control or access to underlying technology,  you have to trust into the online software vendors.

“Containers” “Closed” environments Examples: Google App Engine(support only java & python),

,Force.com(support 16 languages)[5] ,Windows Azure(.Net,java,Php), Mosso, Engine Yard, Joyent

Advantages: Good for developers, more control than “Application” Clouds, tightly configured

Disadvantages: Restricted to what is available, other dependencies

Provide “Compute” and “Storage” clouds Virtualization layers (hardware/software) Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, Amazon S3, Nirvanix,

Linode Advantages: Full control of environments and

infrastructure Disadvantages: premium price point, limited competition

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides the user with virtual infrastructure, such as servers and data storage space. This is where virtualization fits into the cloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides the user with development environment services where the user can create and run home-grown applications.

Software as a Service (SaaS) provides the user with access to already created applications that are operating in the cloud.

•Layers equate structure•Building blocks: Infrastructure, Platforms, Applications

1000’s of Cloud Applications currently Handful of Cloud Platforms Elite group of Cloud Infrastructure

providers # of Marketplace providers

Provides extension to Cloud Infrastructure and Platforms with basic functionality

Examples: Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon SQS, Google BigTable

Advantages: Extends functionality of Compute & Storage Clouds to integrate with other clouds

Disadvantages: Sometimes requires use of specific Platforms or Infrastructure

Sits on top of various Cloud Infrastructures for management

Examples: RightScale, Appistry Advantages: Provides more options for Cloud environments Disadvantages: Dependent on Cloud Providers

Colocation Managed Cloud

Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes

Scalability Slowest, Rigid & Costly

Slower, somewhat flexible, Costly

Instant, Flexible, Pay-per-usage

Cost High Costly, sometimes month/year contracts,

No contracts, usage based, no upfront costs

“Green” Low Low High - virtualized

Pricing model Buy Servers & Colo costs whether used or not

Rent Servers & Hosting costs whether used or not

Rent based on usage only

Technology has evolved People demand more control Instant gratification Managed is not dynamic enough

Cloud Computing -“Enabling Technology” to move from

Traditional Hosting to Cloud Hosting

Ease of Use Scalability Risk Reliability Cost

Deploy infrastructure with a mouse or API› No cabling, screwdrivers, racking,

unboxing, buying› Middle of the night› Do it yourself remotely from anywhere

anytime

1.Control your infrastructure with your application demands.2.No need to purchase expensive hardware's for scalability.

1. Nothing to buy2. Cancel immediately3. Change instantly, even operating

systems4. Throw it out5. Rebuild it instantly after testing

RISK

1. Based on High quality hardware2. Design for failures:

› Automatically spin up replacements› Use multiple clouds

1. Pay for only what you use2. No need to buy in advance3. Zero Capital Outlay 4. No contracts

Grid computing is the ability to process information by utilizing a collection of networked heterogeneous information-processing components (hardware and software), all of which are provisioned from various geographical locations and across organizational boundaries.[5]

In grid computing the concept of Virtual Organizations (VOs) rises. Which means that all resources were owned by a single organization.

Two key outcomes exist in grids:1. The Open Grid Service Architecture

(OGSA) 2. The Globus Toolkit. OGSA means how grids are created and

maintained.

The Globus Toolkit is a software middleware package. All that is required is to install and configure Globus and then create all required resources and services.

grid security approach is the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) which has been implemented in

the Globus Toolkit

NAREGI ( National Research Grid Initiative) is a grid project that focuses on the research and development of grid middleware.

The test contains almost 3000 CPUs and is capable of 17 teraflops of processing power, offered from various research institutions throughout Japan.

BOINC is an Open-source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.

BOINC is supported by the National Science Foundation(SETI@home, Climateprediction.net)

1. Neither grids nor clouds have a commonly accepted definition.

2. Grids are publicly funded and operated, whereas clouds are privately funded and operated.

3. Grids and clouds are instantiations of distributed systems, which is a common feature of them.

4. Grids evolve slowly and clouds evolve fast, and The level of expertise to use a cloud is significantly lower than that of a grids.

1. Paul Lancaster Business Development Manager, GoGrid Site: http://www.GoGrid.com

2. http://www. amazon.com3. http://wikipedia.org 4. http://saasevolution.blogspot.com 5. Grids vs. Clouds , Michael Brock and

Andrzej Goscinski ,School of Information Technology , Deakin University ,Australia

6. http://boinc.berkeley.edu/