Some Cloud Computing Use Cases, An Overview of Some Cloud Computing

Standards Organizations, and a Bonus Slide.

Robert Grossmanblog.rgrossman.com

Open Cloud Consortium

September 3, 2009Revised October 9, 2009

Outline

1. Some definitions & some high level use cases2. Some current standards efforts3. More use cases (community use case

document)4. De Facto Standards

If you think of standardization as the best that you know today, but which is to be improved

tomorrow; you get somewhere. Henry Ford.

Ford assembly plant for Model T at Highland Plant Park around 1915.

Sometimes there are reasons for a lack of interoperability…

4

Change of gauge at Ussuriisk (near Vladivostok) at the Chinese –Russian border

Train gauge in China is 1435 mm

Train gauge in Russia is 1520 mm

Standalone cloud

Cloud 1 Cloud 2

enterprise

Extended enterprise cloud

Cloud 1

Cloud 3

Cloud 2

Intercloud

Cloud

Part 1Some Definitions and Two Use Cases

First Two Use Cases

1. Moving an existing cloud application from Cloud 1 to Cloud 2 without changing the application.

2. Providing surge capacity for an application on Cloud 1 using any of the Clouds 2, 3, … (without changing the application).

Cloud 1 Cloud 2

1. Migrate / port2. Surge / burst

Portability

Portability– The ease with which a system, component,

application or data can be transferred from one hardware or software environment to another.

Cloud 1 Cloud 2

Migration

Migration– Moving a virtual machine (VM) between physical hosts within a network or

virtual network with only a very short pause in execution (c. 50 – 500 ms).– More generally, moving a VM between clouds with only a very short pause

in execution.– More generally, moving a virtual application, virtual network, etc. to a

different physical infrastructure with only a very short pause in execution.

Cloud 1 Cloud 2

Interoperability

Interoperability– The ability of two or more systems, applications, or

components to exchange and use information.– The ability of systems to provide and receive services

from other systems and to use the services so interchanged to enable them to operate effectively together.

Source: Adopted from the Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )

Cloud 1 Cloud 2

Open Systems

A system that implements sufficient open specifications for interfaces, services, and supporting formats to enable properly engineered Application Software:– To be ported with minimal changes across a wide

range of systems– To interoperate with other applications on local and

remote systems– To interact with users in a style that facilitates user

portabilitySource: The Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )

NIST Definition

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

Delivery & Deployment Models

Three delivery models:– Software as a Service– Platform as a Service– Infrastructure as a Service

Deployment models– Public Clouds– Private Clouds– Community Clouds– Hybrid Clouds

Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

What Are the Layers?

Infrastructure as a Service– Virtual Data Centers (VDC)– Virtual Networks (VN)– Virtual Machines (VM)

Platform as a Service– Cloud Compute Services– Data/Table Cloud Services– Cloud Storage Services

Part 2.There Lots of Cloud Standards

Where are the Standards Targeted?

Infrastructure as a Service– Virtual Data Centers (VDC)– Virtual Networks (VN)– Virtual Machines (VM)

Platform as a Service– Cloud Compute Services– Data/Table Cloud Services– Cloud Storage Services

Open Virtualization Format (OVF)

Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)

SNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)

Large Data Cloud Interoperability Framework

IF-MAP based dynamic infrastructure service linking IaaS and DaaS

Corporate Standards• VMware’s vCloud API Programming Guide vCloud API Version 0.8 (IaaS)• Amazon Web Services (AWS) (IaaS)• Google App Engine (PaaS)• Microsoft Azure Platform (PaaS)• Citrix (IaaS)

Source: http://cloud-standards.org

Cloud Standards Group (5 of 9)

Wiki at cloud-standards.org Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)

– Portability for virtual machine images Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)

– Cloud data management interface Open Grid Forum (OGF)

– Provisioning and monitoring of IaaS Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)

– Large data clouds, information sharing between clouds Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)

– Best practices for providing security within a cloudSource: http://cloud-standards.org

Good (Partial) Summary of Efforts

Presentations available from NIST, DMTF, SNIA, OGF, OCC, and others at

http://www.omg.org/news/meetings/GOV-WS/css/css.htm

Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)

Over 20 vendors including: Citrix, Dell, HP, IBM, Microsoft & VMware

Virtualization Management (VMAN) Forum Their multi-vendor Open Virtualization Format

(OVF) is the leading standard for portable virtual machines.

They have an incubator for cloud www.dmtf.org

DMTF Life Cycle Management for VMs

Source: DMTF Standards; A Building Block for Cloud Interoperability, Winston Bumpus President, DMTF.

Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)

40+ active members Working on Cloud Data Management Interface Targeted at ANSI and ISO certification Starting up a Cloud Storage Initiative There is a draft of SNIA Cloud Data

Management Interface (CDMI) with reference implementation due at end of CY09

Public web page http://snia.org/cloud

SNIA Cloud Storage Containers Cloud storage container

is one of their key abstractions

Data Storage Interface (DSI_ protocols include: WebDAV, NFS, CIFS, iSCSI, OSD

Management interfaces include proprietary, Web UI, SMI-S

Source: SNIA Cloud Storage presentation at Cloud Computing Summit OMG Standards in Government and NGO Workshop

Open Grid Forum (OGF)

Open Grid Forum is leading organization creating grid standards with many members.

Many of their standards are oriented towards universities and scientific applications.

Focus is on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) API. Goal is creation of simple RESTfull API with approximately

15 commands. Four providers and two projects to implement proposed

standard. http://www.occi-wg.org

OCCI Feature Matrix

Very nice feature matrix of 17 features and 11 vendors

OGF Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)

Goal is to create RESTfull interfaces for managing IaaS. Source: Craig A. Lee, The Open Cloud Computing Interface for Interoperability

Across Clouds, July 13, 2009

Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)

501(3)(c) Not-for-profit with over 12 members, including companies, universities, FFRDCs & open source projects.

One focus area is on large data cloud services. Another focus is on bridging IaaS and PaaS standards. Operates wide area cloud testbed called the Open

Cloud Testbed. Developed a benchmark for large data clouds called

MalStone. www.opencloudconsortium.org

OCC Large Data Cloud Interoperability

OCC is releasing open source reference implementations for interoperability of large data cloud storage and compute services.

Cloud Storage Services

Cloud Compute Services (MapReduce & Generalizations)

Cloud Data Services (BigTable, etc.)

Quasi-relational Data Services

App App App App App

App App

App App

large data cloud services

Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)

20 Corporate members. CSA is an industry advocacy group, not a

standards organization. Deliverables are white papers describing best

practices and recommendations for secure clouds.

www.cloudsecurityalliance.org

CSA White Paper

Source: www.cloudsecurityalliance.org

Part 3. Some Additional Use Cases

InterCloud Naming Use Case

3. How do we name virtual machines (VM), virtual networks (VN), and virtual data centers (VDC) so that they can be accessed between clouds?

Cloud 1

Cloud 2

Cloud n

…

Source: Abstracted from some of the discussions at the First Infrastructure 2.0 Working Group Meeting.

Large Data Cloud Use Cases

4. Moving a large data cloud application from one large data cloud storage service to another.

5. Moving a large data cloud application from one large data cloud compute service to another.

Large Data Cloud Storage Services

Large Data Cloud Compute Services

App 1 App 2

Inter-Cloud Information Sharing Use Case

6. How do we share information between two clouds with security and compliance requirements (e.g. HIPAA).

Cloud 1 Cloud 2

Cloud Computing Use Case White Paper

End user to cloud Applications running on the cloud and accessed by end users

Enterprise to Cloud to end user

Applications running in the public cloud and accessed by employees and customers

Enterprise to cloud Cloud applications integrated with IT capabilities.

cloud

enterprise

Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

Additional Cloud Use Cases

Enterprise to cloud to enterprise

Cloud applications running in the public cloud and interoperating with the partner apps

Changing cloud vendors An organization using cloud services decides to switch cloud providers or work with additional providers

Hybrid cloud Multiple clouds work together, coordinated by a cloud broker.

cloud 1

enterprise

cloud 2

Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

Requirements Mapped to Use Cases

Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

Requirements Mapped to Use Cases

Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

Part 4De Facto Standards

Some of the De Facto Standards…

Mindmeister Map of Cloud Computing

Dupont’s Mindmeister Map divides the industry:– IaaS, PaaS, Management, Community

http://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show_public/15936058

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For More Information

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