CLASSIFYING MATTER

Vocabulary & PeoplePure Mixture

Compound Molecule Diatomic

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Formula Subscript Coefficient

OUTCOME QUESTION(S):

S1-2-09How do you classify matter using the words: element, compound, atom, molecule, mixture and pure?

S1-2-10How do you use a formula to find the elements in the molecule and the number of atoms of each element?

Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space, or

volume.

Mixture Substance contains more than one kind

of particle.

PureEvery particle that

makes up a substance is the SAME.

PURE1. Elements• Simplest form matter• Smallest particle of an element - atom

2. Compounds• Two or more elements chemically bonded• Smallest particle of an compound – molecule

A bucket of gold atoms (Au) and a bucket of water molecules

(H2O) are both PURE since in both cases there is only ONE

type of particle

Element:Sodium – all pure sodium atoms

It’s possible to have compounds of the same atoms:• Called diatomic (two atoms) molecules

Oxygen gas – O2 Hydrogen gas – H2

Compound:Salt – all pure sodium chloride molecules

Homogeneous (can not see the pieces)· Mixture is evenly distributed – “solution”· Cannot physically separate different particles

Salt and waterCokeCheese

Heterogeneous (can see the pieces)• Mixture is not evenly distributed• Different particles can be separated physically

Sand and waterPizzaBubble tea

1000 kg 1000 kgWould the tree and the ash weigh the same?

Law of Conservation of Matter:

In any chemical reaction matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Atoms will rearrange to form new compounds, but the number and type of atoms will not change during the reaction

subscript

Chemical Formula• Shows type and amount of each atom present in

a compound

HOH

HH

O+

and 3 atoms of oxygen

H2O3

form 3 molecules of water.6 atoms (3 x 2) of hydrogen

HH

OH

H

O

HH

O

coefficient1

The subscript “1” is never shown in the formula – it is invisible – since the element symbol is present it is assumed there is at

least 1…

Subscript: # of atoms (per element) in a compound

Coefficient: # of total molecules present

Compound Coefficient Total of each element(Subscripts · Coefficients)

KHCO3 1 K: 1 H: 1 C: 1 O: 3

3 AlCl3 3 Al: 1 · 3 = 3 Cl: 3 · 3 = 9

6 CBr4 6 C: 1 · 6 = 6 Br: 4 · 6 = 24

5 H2SO4 5 H: 2 · 5 = 10 S: 1 · 5 = 5 O: 4 · 5 = 20

4 C11H22O12 4 C: 11 · 4 = 44 H: 22 · 4 = 88O: 12 · 4 = 44

Mg(NO3)23

MgO

O

O

NO

O

O

N

Brackets: subscripts outside a bracket multiply by everything inside the bracket.

Remember the subscript applies to what is

directly in front of it

11

Mg: 1 · 3 = 3N: 1 · 2 · 3 = 6 O: 3 · 2 · 3 = 18

Compound Coefficient Total of each element(Subscripts · Coefficients)

2 NaNO3 2 Na: 1 · 2 = 2 N: 1 · 2 = 2 O: 3 · 2 = 6

2 Al(NO3)3 2 Al: 1 · 2 = 2 N: 1 · 3 · 2 = 6 O: 3 · 3 · 2 = 18

3 Ca(OH)2 3 Ca: 1 · 3 = 3 N: 1 · 3 · 2 = 6 Br: 4 · 6 = 24

4 H2(SO4) 4 H: 2 · 4 = 8 S: 1 · 1 · 4 = 5 O: 4 · 1 · 4 = 16

Vocabulary & PeoplePure Mixture

Compound Molecule Diatomic

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Formula Subscript Coefficient

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS?

S1-2-09How do you classify matter using the words: element, compound, atom, molecule, mixture and pure?

S1-2-10How do you use a formula to find the elements in the molecule and the number of atoms of each element?