Classification Standards S5L1. Students will classify organisms into groups and relate how they...

ClassificationClassification

StandardsStandards

S5L1. Students will classify organisms into S5L1. Students will classify organisms into groups and relate how they determined the groups and relate how they determined the groups with how and why scientists use groups with how and why scientists use classification.classification.

a. Demonstrate how animals are sorted into a. Demonstrate how animals are sorted into groups (vertebrate and invertebrate) and how groups (vertebrate and invertebrate) and how vertebrates are sorted into groups (fish, vertebrates are sorted into groups (fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal)amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal)

How do scientists classify animals? S5L1.a Demonstrate how animals are

sorted into groups.

VocabularyVocabulary

classify – to group things according to classify – to group things according to similarities and differences characteristicssimilarities and differences characteristics

group - two or more organisms connected in group - two or more organisms connected in some waysome way

kingdom – third rank of the study of the kingdom – third rank of the study of the classification of organisms (life, domain, classification of organisms (life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species)species)

sorted into groups.

vertebrate - is an animal with a backbone vertebrate - is an animal with a backbone (spine)(spine)

invertebrate – is an animal with no back bone, invertebrate – is an animal with no back bone, usually it has an exoskeletonusually it has an exoskeleton

consumer – animals that eat other animals and consumer – animals that eat other animals and plantsplants

decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break down dead organismsdown dead organisms

sorted into groups.

reptile - a cold-blooded vertebrate animals reptile - a cold-blooded vertebrate animals with scales, shields, or plates covering their with scales, shields, or plates covering their bodies (ex: lizards, snakes, crocodiles)bodies (ex: lizards, snakes, crocodiles)

amphibian – cold blooded vertebrate creatures amphibian – cold blooded vertebrate creatures with moist skin which spend part of their life with moist skin which spend part of their life in water and part of their life on dry land (ex: in water and part of their life on dry land (ex: frogs, toads, salamanders)frogs, toads, salamanders)

sorted into groups.

mammal – warm blooded air breathing mammal – warm blooded air breathing vertebrates which have sweat glands, hair/fur, vertebrates which have sweat glands, hair/fur, ear bones for hearing (humans, whales, bears, ear bones for hearing (humans, whales, bears, horses, hippo, squirrels, rats, platypuses)horses, hippo, squirrels, rats, platypuses)

cold-blooded – cannot control its body cold-blooded – cannot control its body temperature; adapt to temperature of its temperature; adapt to temperature of its surrounding (ex: snakes, crocodiles, insects, surrounding (ex: snakes, crocodiles, insects, turtles)turtles)

sorted into groups.

warm-blooded – can control its body warm-blooded – can control its body temperature; body temperature stays the same temperature; body temperature stays the same regardless of environment (birds, chicken, regardless of environment (birds, chicken, monkeys, cows, dogs)monkeys, cows, dogs)

fish - aquatic vertebrates that are typically fish - aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded, covered with scales, and cold-blooded, covered with scales, and equipped with finsequipped with fins

bird - warm-blooded creatures, like mammals, bird - warm-blooded creatures, like mammals, but they lay eggs, like most reptilesbut they lay eggs, like most reptiles

sorted into groups.

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How do scientists classify animals? S5L1.a Demonstrate how animals are sorted into groups.

K ingdom

FOCP amilyrderlasshylum

enus pecies

AnimalPlant Fungi Protisist

Monera

Vertebrates Invertebrates• Animals with backbones • Animals without

backbones

Classifying Classifying VertebratesVertebrates

Mammal

Reptile

Amphibian

Animals With BackbonesAnimals With Backbones

adapted from http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswille

y/htdocs/Classification%20of%20Animals.ppt

MAMMAL

REPTILEBIRD

AMPHIBIAN

MammalsMammals

Mammal CharacteristicsMammal Characteristics

They include a wide range of animals: ape, They include a wide range of animals: ape, lions, kangaroos, bats, and etc.lions, kangaroos, bats, and etc.

They breath with their lungs.They breath with their lungs. Their young grows inside the mother.Their young grows inside the mother. They have hair or fur.They have hair or fur. The are warm blooded.The are warm blooded. They feed milk to their young.They feed milk to their young.

RepRepttiilleess

Lizards

Alligator / Crocodile

Turtle / Tortoise

Reptile CharacteristicsReptile Characteristics

They breathe with their lungs.They breathe with their lungs. They lay their eggs on land.They lay their eggs on land. They have dry scaly skin.They have dry scaly skin. They are cold-blooded (their body temperature They are cold-blooded (their body temperature

changes with their environment)changes with their environment) They live in hot, dry deserts and in warm, wet They live in hot, dry deserts and in warm, wet

tropical rain forests.tropical rain forests. Black snakes, Bearded dragons, Turtles, Crocodiles, Black snakes, Bearded dragons, Turtles, Crocodiles,

and Alligators are reptiles.and Alligators are reptiles.adapted from

http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswilley/htdocs/Classification%20of

%20Animals.ppt

AmAmphphibianibianss

Frog / ToadSalamanders

Amphibian CharacteristicsAmphibian Characteristics

They are cold-blooded (their body temperature They are cold-blooded (their body temperature changes with their surroundings)changes with their surroundings)

Amphibians hatch from eggs and they can live Amphibians hatch from eggs and they can live on land as an adult.on land as an adult.

Young amphibians breathe through gills like Young amphibians breathe through gills like fish.fish.

Adult amphibians breathe air from lungs.Adult amphibians breathe air from lungs. Some have smooth moist skin.Some have smooth moist skin. Examples are frogs, salamanders, newt, and Examples are frogs, salamanders, newt, and

mud puppies.mud puppies.adapted from

http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/jswilley/htdocs/Classification%20of

%20Animals.ppt

FishFish

Fish CharacteristicsFish Characteristics They are the largest group of vertebrates.They are the largest group of vertebrates. Many are covered with scales.Many are covered with scales. They have fins.They have fins. They are cold-blooded (their body They are cold-blooded (their body

temperatures changes with the temperature of temperatures changes with the temperature of the water).the water).

They breathe through gills.They breathe through gills.

BirdsBirds

Bird CharacteristicsBird Characteristics

They breathe with their lungsThey breathe with their lungs Birds lay eggs.Birds lay eggs. Birds have wings.Birds have wings. Birds are covered with feathers.Birds are covered with feathers. Birds are warm-blooded (their body Birds are warm-blooded (their body

temperature doesn’t change)temperature doesn’t change) Examples of birds would be a red bird, hawk, Examples of birds would be a red bird, hawk,

and chicken.and chicken.

Invertebrate ClassificationInvertebrate Classification

What is an Invertebrate?What is an Invertebrate? Invertebrates are animals that do not have Invertebrates are animals that do not have

backbones.backbones. 97 % of the animal kingdom is made up of 97 % of the animal kingdom is made up of

invertebrates.invertebrates. Some can be found in ponds, oceans, and other Some can be found in ponds, oceans, and other

water environments.water environments. Insects and some other invertebrates have Insects and some other invertebrates have

exoskeletons.exoskeletons.

Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton. An Many invertebrates have an exoskeleton. An Exoskeleton is a hard outer covering that protects an Exoskeleton is a hard outer covering that protects an animal’s body and gives it support.animal’s body and gives it support.

There are six groups of invertebrates. They are: There are six groups of invertebrates. They are: 1. Sponges, 1. Sponges, 2. Corals, Hydras, 2. Corals, Hydras, 3. Jellyfish, 3. Jellyfish, 4. Starfish and Sea Urchins, 4. Starfish and Sea Urchins, 5. Mollusks, 5. Mollusks, 6. Arthropods6. Arthropods

SpongesSponges

Sponges CharacteristicsSponges Characteristics

They look like plants but they are animals.They look like plants but they are animals. Sponges stay fixed in one place.Sponges stay fixed in one place. Their bodies are full of holes and their Their bodies are full of holes and their

skeleton is made of spiky fibers.skeleton is made of spiky fibers. Water flows through the holes of their body Water flows through the holes of their body

which enables them to catch food.which enables them to catch food.

Corals, Hydras, and JellyfishCorals, Hydras, and Jellyfish

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Corals look like plants but they belong to the animal Corals look like plants but they belong to the animal kingdom.kingdom.

They have soft tubelike bodies with a single opening They have soft tubelike bodies with a single opening surrounded by armlike parts called tentacles.surrounded by armlike parts called tentacles.

They feed by catching tiny animals in their tentacles.They feed by catching tiny animals in their tentacles. Hydras have tentacles that catch their food.Hydras have tentacles that catch their food. They move from place to place.They move from place to place. Hydras are much smaller animals.Hydras are much smaller animals. Jellyfish catch shrimp,fish, and other animals in its Jellyfish catch shrimp,fish, and other animals in its

tentacles also. tentacles also.

Starfish andStarfish and Sea Urchins Sea Urchins

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

It belongs to a group of invertebrates that have It belongs to a group of invertebrates that have tiny tube feet and body parts arranged around tiny tube feet and body parts arranged around a central area.a central area.

A starfish has five arms and no head!A starfish has five arms and no head! The hard, spiny covering of the starfish gives The hard, spiny covering of the starfish gives

the animal protection.the animal protection. A sea urchin belongs to this same group. A sea urchin belongs to this same group. Its body is covered with spines.Its body is covered with spines.

MollusksMollusks

Mollusk CharacteristicsMollusk Characteristics

A mollusk has a hard shell, a rough tongue, A mollusk has a hard shell, a rough tongue, and a muscular foot.and a muscular foot.

A snail is a mollusk with a single hard shell.A snail is a mollusk with a single hard shell. A clam has two shells joined together by a A clam has two shells joined together by a

hinge.hinge. Squids and octopuses are also mollusk.Squids and octopuses are also mollusk. Their hard shells are small, but they are inside Their hard shells are small, but they are inside

their bodies.their bodies.

ArthropodsArthropods

Arthropod CharacteristicsArthropod Characteristics

Arthropods are a group of invertebrates with jointed Arthropods are a group of invertebrates with jointed legs and hard exoskeleton that protect the arthropod.legs and hard exoskeleton that protect the arthropod.

As it grows, it As it grows, it molts,molts, or sheds its old exoskeleton. or sheds its old exoskeleton. Then it grows a new exoskeleton that allows its body Then it grows a new exoskeleton that allows its body

to continue to grow.to continue to grow. A lobster is an arthropod.A lobster is an arthropod. The largest group of arthropods are insects.The largest group of arthropods are insects.

Arthropods: Insects, Spiders, and Arthropods: Insects, Spiders, and Centipedes/MillipedesCentipedes/Millipedes

They are the only invertebrates that can fly.They are the only invertebrates that can fly. Insects have bodies divided into three parts, and six Insects have bodies divided into three parts, and six

legs.legs. Spiders have jointed legs (eight legs), jaws and fangs.Spiders have jointed legs (eight legs), jaws and fangs. Centipedes and millipedes are also arthropods. Centipedes and millipedes are also arthropods. Centipedes uses its many legs to run from enemies.Centipedes uses its many legs to run from enemies. Millipedes roll up their bodies when they sense Millipedes roll up their bodies when they sense

danger approaching.danger approaching.

How do scientists classify How do scientists classify animals?animals?

MammalsMammals BirdsBirds FishFish AmphibiansAmphibians ReptilesReptiles

StandardStandard

S5L1. Students will classify organisms into groups and relate how they determined the groups with how and why scientists use classification.b. Demonstrate how plants are sorted into groups.

producers – plants that produce their own foodproducers – plants that produce their own food photosynthesis – when light energy, oxygen, and photosynthesis – when light energy, oxygen, and

water combine to produce food for plants water combine to produce food for plants vascular plant – plant with a vascular system (xylem vascular plant – plant with a vascular system (xylem

and phloem)and phloem) nonvascular plant - a plant without vascular tissue nonvascular plant - a plant without vascular tissue

(ex: liverworts, mosses, algae)(ex: liverworts, mosses, algae) Xylem – transports water and salt in vascular plantsXylem – transports water and salt in vascular plants Phloem – transports food (sugar) in vascular plantsPhloem – transports food (sugar) in vascular plants

sorted into groups.

• coniferous - plants that produce cones as their fruit (ex: pine trees)

• deciduous – plants that shed leaves during the winter months then grow them back during spring (ex: fruit trees, pecan trees, etc.)

How are Plants Classified?How are Plants Classified?

There are more than 260,000 species There are more than 260,000 species of plants.of plants.

They can be divided into two groups:They can be divided into two groups: NonvascularNonvascular VascularVascular

Nonvascular Plants:Nonvascular Plants: have no pipes to transport water and have no pipes to transport water and

nutrientsnutrients depend on diffusion and osmosis to depend on diffusion and osmosis to

move material from one part of the plant move material from one part of the plant to anotherto another

They have to be small: They have to be small: mosses, mosses, liverwortsliverworts

Algae (Non-Vascular)Algae (Non-Vascular)

Green algae is a type of non-vascular plant that lives in water. They have no vascular system to help carry water and nutrients.

Liverworts (Non-Vascular)Liverworts (Non-Vascular)

Liverworts and mosses lack vascular tissue that circulates liquids. They neither have flowers nor produce seeds.

Marchantia, a liverwort

Bryophytes are all embryophytes ('land plants') that are non-

Mosses are one group of bryophytes.

Liverworts

Seaweeds (Non-Vascular)Seaweeds (Non-Vascular)

The largest and most complex marine forms of algae.

Seaweeds

Vascular PlantsVascular Plants Have tissues that deliver needed Have tissues that deliver needed

materials throughout a plant - called materials throughout a plant - called vascular tissues.vascular tissues.

Can be almost any size.Can be almost any size. Are divided into Are divided into gymnospermsgymnosperms and and

angiospermsangiosperms

How are Plants Classified?

• Gymnosperms – cone-bearing plants• Angiosperms -- flowering plants

Fern (Vascular)Fern (Vascular)

Ferns are plants with a vascular system (xylem and phloem). They have tubes that can be found in the roots, stems, and leaves.

Club Moss (Vascular)Club Moss (Vascular)

The club moss is a small sized plant possessing a ground hugging stem that can reach lengths of up to four feet when fully grown. The club moss is characterized by possessing dense spirals of yellow green colored leaves and is a low growing evergreen plant, having a three foot long stem that runs along the ground.

Club moss / Vascular

Conifers (Vascular)Conifers (Vascular)

Conifers are the gymnosperm with needle-like or scaled leaves that grow the most well known type of male and female cones as reproductive organs.

Conifers

Flowering Plants (Vascular)Flowering Plants (Vascular)

Flowering plant is a plant that produces flowers at some part and time in its reproductive cycle.

Flowering Plants

Transport in Plants

• Plants need a transport system so that cells deep within the plants tissues can receive the nutrients they need for cell processes

• The problem in plants is that roots can obtain water, but not sugar, and leaves can produce sugar, but can’t get water from the air

What substances need to be moved?

• The transport system in plants is called vascular tissue

• Xylem tissue transports water and minerals

• Phloem tissue transports sugars

The Vascular Tissues

• Xylem and phloem are found together in vascular bundles, that sometimes contain other tissues that support and strengthen them

Structure of Xylem

• Used to transport water and minerals from roots to leaves

Structure of Phloem

• Function to transport sugars from one part to another

sorted into groups.

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