NEWER ROUTES OF DRUG DELIVERYDr.RAGHU PRASADA M SMBBS,MDASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGYSSIMS & RC.

New drug delivery system

1. Delayed release system2. Extended release system3. Site specific and receptor targeting4. Rate controlled delivery system-Diffusion systems –

reservoir device, matrix device, transdermal patches5. Controlled release by stimulation6. Target drug delivery system-nano particles7. Colloidal drug carriers8. Block copolymers9. Liposomes as drug carriers10. Ligand mediated targeting

New drug delivery system

11. Resealed erythrocytes12. Bioadhesives 13. Tissue engineered delivery systems14. Stent implantation in angioplasty15. Encapsulated cells16. Refillable biohybrid artificial pancreas17. Microchip delivery system18. Micro fabricated micro needles19. Powdered drug delivery

Delayed release system

Repeated intermitent dosing of a drug

Ex. Enteric coated tablets

Extended release system- maintainance of therapeutic blood and tissue levels of drug

Special drug delivery systems

Ocuserts –thin epithelial microunits Ex. Pilocarpine occusert-gloucoma

Progestaserts- intrauterine contraceptive device

Drug encapsulated in liposomes for intravenous infusion –Amphotericin B

Prodrugs

Inactive drug Levodopadopamine Procaine pencillin-G

Site specific and receptor targeting

Targeting a drug directly to a certain biological location

Rate controlled delivery system Diffusion systems –reservoir device, matrix device, transdermal patches Dissolution system-encapsulated, matrix

Transdermal DDSActive ingredient is delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.

Example: transdermal scopolamine, transdermal nitroglycerine,

Targeted drug delivery systems

Targeted drug delivery systems Colloidal drug carriers

1. micro and nano particles

2. macro molecular complex

3. Liposomes and niosomes

Ligand mediated targeting

1. Vascular compartment

2. Cellular compartment3. Intracellular 4. Monoclonal

antibodies5. Resealed erythrocytes

Nano particles

Nano particles

Gold nanoparticles in imaging

Liposomes as drug carriers

Ligand mediated targeting

1. Vascular compartment2. Cellular compartment3. Intracellular 4. Monoclonal antibodies5. Resealed erythrocytes

Reselaed erythrocytes

Hypoosmotic lysis

Bioadhesives – mucoadhesives

Tissue engineered delivery system

Nerve growth factors Bone tissues

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as drug carriers

ImmunisationPolyclonal antibodies Single antigenic diterminants Hybridoma technology Murine MAbs- muromonab anti CD3 Chimeric MAbs- rituximab -NHL Humanised MAbs- palivizumab

Micro needle DDS

Micro mechanical DDS. Example: Intanza influenza vaccine

Iontophoretic TDS:

Uses a tiny electrical current to promote flow of drug (usually charged) through the skin.

Example: Dexamethasone.

Micro pump insulin delivery system :

It is a computerized syringe which delivers insulin into the subcutaneous tissue every few minutes in tiny amount 24 hours a day through a canula placed in the subcutaneous tissue.

Intermitenty-GnRH Contineously-Insulin

Insulin jet

Delivers insulin subcutaneously without using needle.

Achieved by pressurizing the liquid through a small orifice which creates high speed jet that can penetrate the skin and underlying tissue.

Drug eluting stent

It is a stent placed into narrowed, diseased peripheral or coronary arteries that slowly release a drug to block cell proliferation hence preventing fibrosis and re- stenosis.

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