Transcript of Civil War and Reconstruction SS8H6 b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War, Include...
- Slide 1
- Civil War and Reconstruction SS8H6 b. State the importance of
key events of the Civil War, Include Antietam, Emancipation
Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of
Georgias coast, Shermans Atlanta Campaign, Shermans March to the
Sea, and Andersonville. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on
Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmens Bureau,
sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13 th, 14
th, and 15 th Amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner
and the Ku Klux Klan.
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- Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, VA
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- The War Begins in 1861 In April of 1861, after South Carolina
fights to keep Ft. Sumter, four more states secede from the Union
and the Confederate States of America, CSA is formed.
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- Lincoln tries to Preserve the Union Even though he faces
opposition, Lincoln focuses on the preservation of the United
States, (the Union) He does not agree with slavery but does not
want to initially push the issue He takes volunteers and also
begins using a draft to build up the army. Both sides think if
there is war, it will end quickly
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- The Confederacy President-Jefferson Davis Vice President-
Alexander Stephens (from GA) The cabinet of the Confederate States
at Montgomery, 1861 June 1, Harpers Weekly
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- Resources of Each Side NorthSouth 23 states 22 million people
Trained army and navy 22,000 miles of Railroad track 100,000
factories with 1.1 million workers 11 states 9 million people(about
4 million were slaves) No standing army or navy 9,000 miles of
Railroad track 20,000 factories with 100,000 workers
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- Rating the North & the South
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- Resources: North & the South
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- War Strategies NorthernSouthern Anaconda Plan with a blockade
of Confederate ports including the Mississippi River (to prevent
southern trade with foreign countries) Capture the Confederate
capitol of Richmond Destroy the Confederates on the battlefield Lay
waste to the land so Southerners would stop supporting the war King
Cotton Diplomacy- support from England and France who trade cotton
for their textile mills Wear down the invading Union and weaken
Northern support for the war Sink Union ships and evade the
blockade to continue trading and keep the ports open Win a
strategic victory on Union Soil
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- Overview of Civil War Strategy: Anaconda Plan Overview of Civil
War Strategy: Anaconda Plan
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- Famous leader from the North U.S. Grant gen. U.S.A Graduated
West Point in 1843 Spent much of the Civil War in the Western
Campaign Aggressor/victor in the Battle of Shiloh and Vicksburg
Became the Commanding General of the United States Army from 1864
to 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Elected the 18 th
President
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- Sherman, a Northern Leader Maj. Gen.Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh
Sherman, after capturing Atlanta in 1864, led his March to the
SeaWilliam Tecumseh Sherman
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- Brady, Mathew B., ca. 1823-1896Brady, Mathew B., ca.
1823-1896,photographer General Robert E. Lee Graduated top in his
class from West Point and served on its faculty Spent 32 years in
the U.S. Army Asked by Lincoln to serve as Commander of the Union
Army Declined this offer when his home State of VA seceded Became
senior military advisor to President Davis of the CSA Later became
the commander of the Confederate eastern army or The Army of
Northern Virginia Loved by his troops and considered one of the
best military minds of his time Surrendered to Grant at
AppomattoxAppomattox Court HouseCourt House on April 9, 1865
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- Graduated from West Point in 1846, and served in the U.S. Army
Corp commander of the Amy of Northern Virginia Gifted and brilliant
military mind, became part of the faculty of VA Military Institute
Shot at the Battle of Chancellorsville and died eight days later of
pneumonia Thomas Jonathan Stonewall Jackson
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- The Progress of War: 1861-1865
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- Major Battles 1 st Manassas/ 1 st Bull Run: thinking an
invasion of Richmond would bring a quick end to the war, the Union
marches into VA Jackson received his famous nickname Stonewall from
this battle because he stood his ground like a stone wall
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- Battle of Antietam Creek/Sharpsburg, MD One of few battles on
Union soil Bloodiest single day of fighting in all of US history
Three phases of fighting: corn field, sunken road and Antietam
Creek bridge McClellan fails to destroy Lee's army Tactically
inconclusive but Lincoln sees it as a positive event because Lee
retreats back to VA so he issues his Emancipation Proclamation
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- Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862 This document
ultimately discouraged the British and French governments from
helping the Confederacy Lincoln uses his power as
Commander-in-Chief to free the slaves in the Confederate States; he
issued the executive order that the slaves of any state that did
not return to the Union would be free Slavery, not preserving the
Union, is now a primary reason for fighting the war
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- The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the
Merrimac
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- Gettysburg Second battle on Union soil Battle lasted three
days, July 1-3, 1863 During the first day of fighting the
Confederates were very successful, on the second the Union held
their ground and on the third Picketts Charge was repulsed leaving
Lee no other option but to retreat back to Virginia Major turning
point in the war due to heavy casualties, the Confederacy never
regained enough replacements while the Union had many more men to
draft
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- The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
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- Gettysburg Casualties
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- Gettysburg, Pa. Confederate dead gathered for burial at the
edge of the Rose woods, July 5, 1863
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- Chickamauga, GA September 1920, 1863 One of the most
significant Union defeats Gen. Braxton Bragg should have followed
the Union retreat to Chattanooga Federal camp by the Tennessee
River,
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- Kennesaw Mt. and the Atlanta Campaign Battle of Kennesaw Mt.
was the last Confederate victory before Atlanta falls fought on
June 27, 1864 Johnston blocked Shermans path to Atlanta with
fortifications on Kennesaw Mt. The Union army eventually went
around the Mt. and headed toward Atlanta, an important railroad and
supply center for the Confederacy September 2,1864, Atlanta falls
to Union forces and this politically helps Lincoln get
re-elected
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- Shermans March to the Sea After Sherman captured Atlanta he
sent his troops through GA to Savannah, Nov.-Dec. 1864 He operated
without supply lines and took what he needed along the way,
resulting in complete destruction of industry, infrastructure and
civilian property (Total War)
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- Shermans March through Georgia` to the Sea, 1864
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- Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp Andersonville was a
Confederate POW camp that was overcrowded with too many prisoners
and extremely undersupplied which caused many to die.
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- Inventions/ Innovations Telegraph o Davis uses it to gather
forces for Shiloh. o Fredericksburg sees first extensive use on the
battlefield. Railway o Greatly changes logistics and strategic
maneuvers. o North had good system; South had acceptable quantity,
but no standardized track width and poor bedding for the
rails.
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- WEAPONS Rifle (muzzle loader) greatly changes tactics, although
most leaders are slow to grasp its impact. o Cold Harbor 2k dead in
twenty minutes, another 5k wounded. Calvary is not used to
charge/exploit, but to scout/skirmish. o reconnaissance
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- Casualties on Both Sides
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- Civil War Deaths in Comparison to Other Wars
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- Reconstruction Era Lincoln had a plan to rebuild the south and
restore it to the Union o It was to be quick and easy o Everyone
would be pardoned(except high ranking officials) and when 10% of
the voters take a loyalty oath the state would be permitted back
into the Union Johnson takes over when Lincoln is assassinated o
His plan was much like Lincolns but expanded the group that would
not be granted the general pardon o In this group he included large
property owners and they had to apply to the president for their
pardon o Declared that Reconstruction was complete because the war
goals were met, national unity and an end to slavery Congress and
the Radical Republicans take over in 1866, (felt it was their job
to be in control Reconstruction) o They returned the South to
military control, and overruled Johnsons veto o Passed the 14 th
and 15 th Amendments o By 1877 Army intervention in the South
ceases and Republican control collapses
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- Freedmans Bureau Key agency during Reconstruction; Bureau of
Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands Initiated by President
Lincoln in March of 1865 and intended to last for one year Was part
of the War Dept. Designed to help former slaves and poor whites
cope with their everyday problems Main job was to help set up work
opportunities and supervise labor contracts, as well as help with
education and other daily necessities like food and clothing
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- Making a living doing what they know SharecroppingTenant
Farming Landowners provide the land for farming, the tools, the
shelter, the seed, the animals and the fertilizers Worker agrees to
share the harvest for the use of the land and the credit of
supplies Landowners provide the land for farming and the shelter,
the tenant usually owns his own tools and animals Worker agrees to
share the harvest for the use of the land and usually makes a
little more than a sharecropper because less use of credit is
needed
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- Opposition to the Reconstruction Plans This opposition
sometimes took violent measures Ku Klux Klan was a secret
organization that tried to prevent the newly freed slaves from
exercising their new rights They did this through intimidation,
beatings, and murder This appeared in Harper's WeeklyHarper's
Weekly January 27, 1872 Three Ku Klux Klan members arrested in
Mississippi, September Mississippi 1871, for the attempted murder
of an entire family.
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- New Amendments 13 th Amendment: makes slavery illegal 14 th
Amendment: granted citizenship to the freedmen (remember the Dred
Scott decision) and forbade any state from discrimination, states
could not deny anyone equal protection of the law 15 th Amendment:
gave all male citizens the right to vote ( The right of citizens of
the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
U.S or by any State on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude )
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- Henry McNeal Turner Elected to the Georgia Legislature in 1868,
part of the new legislators elected during Reconstruction
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- Review The War began in April of 1861 and ends in April of 1865
Each side creates strategies and the CSA has to create their own
government and army Most battles are fought on Confederate soil,
many in VA Following the war there is a turbulent period known as
Reconstruction The newly freed slaves begin adjusting to freedom
with the help of the Freedmens Bureau New amendments are passed to
enable the freed slaves the ability to enjoy Constitutional
Rights