CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

NORTH

ADVANTAGES•Larger population •22 million v. 5.5 million•More industry•91.7% v. 8.3%•More resources•Fast rivers v. meandering •Iron ore and coal•Wheat•Better banking system•National Banking System•One kind of currency•More railroad mileage•31256 miles v. 9,283 miles•6,000 actual S. miles•Most people traveled west•Better leader (Abraham Lincoln)•Lincoln v. Jefferson Davis•National Gov’t v. Confederation•More ships•North to blockade the South (Anaconda Plan)•North could block gun powder from China•Better balance between farming and industrySouth was primarily an agricultural regionCotton and tobacco

Functioning Government

DISADVANTAGESFaced hostile peopleSouthern territory unfamiliar

CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

SOUTH

ADVANTAGESStrong popular supportEnthusiasmThere was division in the NorthWar Democrats (supported)Copperheads (Northerners who Opposed the War)Familiar territoryThe South was fighting a defensivewarSuperior military training facilitiesMilitary academies in the SouthSoutherners were acclimated to the outdoors

DISADVANTAGESSmaller populationFew factoriesLess food productionFewer railroad milesFewer shipsJefferson DavisBelief in states’ rights

CIVIL WARPROBLEMS NORTH AND SOUTH

SOUTH

• Enlistments declined• Draft law drew names of men 18-35 to serve for 3 years

• could hire a substitute• Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes• Blockade caused imported goods to disappear• Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart• Clothing wore out and could not be replaced

NORTH

• “Peace Democrats” (also called “Copperheads”) favored a truce with the ConfederacyNew York State• Enlistments declined

• Bounties offered – failed•Bull Run• Draft law drew names of men 20-45Antietam/Emancipation Proc.• Could buy out of it for $300

• Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863

CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES

NORTH

The Anaconda Plan1. Blockade the South2. Split the Confederacy by gaining

control of the Mississippi RiverCut off the meat supply from Texas3. Capture Richmond, the Confederate

capital

CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES

SOUTH

WIN RECOGNITION AS ANINDEPENDENT NATION1. Capture Washington, D.C.2. Seize central Pennsylvania3. Defend homeland until

North tired of fighting4. Get Britain to pressure

North to end blockade to restore cotton suppliesEmancipation Proc.

CIVIL WARBATTLES, 1861-1862

1st BATTLE OF MANASSAS/ BULL RUNJuly 21, 1861

- Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war.- Residents of Washington, D.C. came out to watch- Confederates won the battle- General Thomas Jackson earned the title “Stonewall Jackson at this battle

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1861-1862

BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMACMarch 9, 1862

- first battle between two ironclad warships; marked new age in naval warfare- battle ended in a “draw”, neither side won

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1861-1862

Shiloh (Tennessee)April 6, 1862

- bloodiest battle of the war to that point -- 1,735 Union dead -- 7,882 Union wounded -- 1,728 Confederate dead -- 8,012 Confederate wounded - Union victory

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1861-1862

ANTIETAM (Maryland)September 17, 1862

- bloodiest single day of battle in America’s history -- 2,010 Union dead -- 9,416 Union wounded -- 1,512 Confederate dead -- 7,816 Confederate wounded- Confederate defeat which prevented Gen. Lee from convincing Britain to support the South

CIVIL WAREMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

January 1, 1863

- Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war- Freed only the slaves in the “rebellious” states - Gave the North a new reason to continue the war- Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy

                                                         

                                                                   

CIVIL WARWOMEN IN WAR

• ran farms and businesses• worked in factories• became teachers and government workers• served the military as nurses, messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies

Clara Barton, nurse in the war, eventually organized the AmericanRed Cross