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Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processes
Presentation at ESF TED WorkshopHelsinki, May, 20th 2004
Robert KrimmerUniversity of Linz,Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 2
How come Electronic Voting has become such a
big issue, when it‘s just about counting 1 and 1?
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 3
Overview
• What is E-Voting?
• Why is E-Voting interesting?
• How to preserve anonymity?
• The European experience
• Standardization efforts
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 4
E-Governance
E-DemocracyE-Government
E-Participation E-VotingE-Administration
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 5
Thin DemocracyThin Democracy(Information)
Strong Democracy(Feed Back & Consultation)
-
-
+
+Citizen Participation
IT Support
Quick DemocracyQuick Democracy
(Participation)
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 6
Instruments of E-Democracy
0 Technical Complexity
Political Process
(iii) Decision
(ii) Formation of an opinion
(i) Information acquisition
Infor- Uni- Bi- Trans- mation directional actional
Web-sites
E-Mail Chat
E-Voting
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 7
What is E-Voting?
Local Remote
Paper-based
Polling station Postal Voting
Electronic Voting
Electronic Voting Machines
Internet Voting (RVEM)
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 8
Why is E-Voting interesting?
• Elections are a major administrative work
require trained persons
• Election procedures are complex
counting may take multiple days
• More and more citizens are on the move
need for flexible registration schemes
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 9
Uneqivocal identification of the Voter
With absolute anonymity at the point of casting the
vote and
No possibility for the election administration to
change votes or to break the anonymity.
1
2
3
Basic Issues
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 10
Solutions
• Preserving anonymity by hiding the vote: Homomorphism
Voter Server
Ballot Sheet(yes/no):
101101001011010000111000....sum yes/no
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 11
Solutions
2. Preserving anonymity by hiding the voter: TAN
Voter ServerEnter TAN & Ballot sheet
Receives TAN by mail
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 12
Solutions
3. Preserving anonymity by hiding the voter: Blind signature
• One-step procedures
• Two-step procedures
Election Day
Identification &Vote casting
Election Dayx days beforehand
(1) Identification (2) Vote casting
Voting token
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 13
European Experience
• Switzerland – three pilots (referenda)
• Germany – pilots with public „non-political“ elections
• United Kingdom – large-scale pilots in 2002/03, none
in 2004
• France – CSFE, professional bodies etc.
• Spain – three tests (one from abroad)
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 14
European Experience
• Ireland – frozen/postponed
• Netherlands – EP elections, from abroad
• Slovenia, Hungary, Czech Republic – drafts
• Estonia – legally binding e-voting
for regional elections
• Austria:
• two tests, one road-map: private initiatives
• Min/Int working group on e-voting
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 15
Council of EuropeStandardization efforts
• started end of 2002
• 48 member countries
• aims: Council of Ministers Recommendation
legal, operational and technical standards
• more difficult than initially expected
• but: close co-operation / mutual understanding
between legal and technology experts
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 16
Council of EuropeStandardization efforts
• minimum standards for legislation and
product requirements
• for member states and third parties (industry)
• broad and clear definitions
• focus on e-voting specificities
• no recommendation on usefulness / introduction
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 17
Resume
• No unique trend towards electronic voting machines
or electronic voting via the Internet.
• Many experiments on local/institutional level
• Only few large-scale tests (UK, NL)
• Countries with frozen projects (B)
• Academic work with tests (D, A)
• CoE standardization efforts will drive development
Citizen participation using electronic voting for decision making processesSlide 18
Contact
• Robert Krimmer
• University of Linz
• Institute for Informatics in Business and Government
• Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration
• Institute for Information Processing, Information Economics and Process Management
• e-Mail: robert@krimmer.at