Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and the Chip on Chip technique. Fredrik Fagerström Billai B E A- Core...

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and the

Chip on Chip technique.

Fredrik Fagerström BillaiB E A- Core Facility forB E A- Core Facility for

BBioinformatics and ioinformatics and EExpression xpression AAnalysis.nalysis.Department of Biosciences & Nutrition Department of Biosciences & Nutrition

Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska Institutet

Agenda

-General introduction to Chromatin and Transcriptional and Epigenetic control.

-Chromatin Imunnoprecipitation, tiling arrays and the ”Chip on Chip” technique

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Chromatin

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

A = 30nm fiber of an interphase chromosomeB = Nucleosomes along a strand of DNA

Images of Chromatin

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

The Chromatin Subunit model

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

The Nucleosome Crystal Structure

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Histones are modified at Specific Amino Acids

Histone Code hypothesis - Modifications of the Histone tails act as marks that can be read by other proteins to control the expression or replication of chromosomal regions. The coding in the histones may

be heritable.

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Specific modifications are associated with specific functions.

Transcriptional gene silencing

Chromatin compaction

Genome stability

X chromosome inactivation (females)

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Methylation of DNA

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Eukaryotic mRNAs are synthesized by the Pol II complex

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Gene regulation in the eukaryotes

Wasserman and Sandelin (2004)

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Chip- General outline

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Chip analysis of ERα recruitment to estrogen responsive gene promoters.

Ray et al. 2006

Chip Quantification

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Calella et al. 2007

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Real Time PCR quantification

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Real Time PCR quantification

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Chip on Chip Outline

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Genome Wide Chip Solutions

Affymetrix Tiling ArraysClassic Two Color Arrays Illumina Deep Sequencing

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Millions of copies of a specificoligonucleotide probe

Single stranded, labeled ‘target’

Oligonucleotide ‘probe’

* **

**

1.28cm

GeneChip Probe Array

1.28cm

Affymetrix array architecture

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Affymetrix genechip familyAffymetrix genechip family

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Tiling Arrays

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEABoyer et al. 2005

Tiling arrays provide high resolution for identifying bound fragments

Overlapping 25-mer fragments

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Quantile Normalization

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Identifying bound genomic fragments by Intensity Percentile Ranking.

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Integrated Genome Browser, IGB

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Genome-wide profiling of PRC1Polycomb chromatin binding in Drosophila melanogaster.

Fredrik Fagerström Billai , BEA

Chip profiles