Chemistry UnitReview
The smallest particle that a compound with covalent
bonds is called what?
A molecule
When Ice Melts, is it a physical or chemical
reaction?
Physical
When a chemical reaction occurs, what happens to
the reactants?
They become something else
How many atoms are in H2CO3
(carbonic acid) in this equation?
____H2CO3 ____H2O + ___CO2
six
A campfire is an example of what kind of chemical
reaction?
exothermic
How many different kinds of elements are involved in this reaction?
____H2CO3 ____H2O + ___CO2
three
What law of science dictates that chemical
equations must be balanced?
Law of conservation of Matter (mass)
The atomic number of an element tells us
what about it?
The number of protons
What do we call the electrons found in the outermost energy levels of atoms?
Valence electrons
The term for the interaction of electrons
which hold atoms together is what?
Chemical bond
The identity of elements is defined by how many
___________ it has in its nucleus.
protons
A chemical bond that forms when electrons from one atom are transferred to another is called what?
Ionic bond
A chemical bond that forms when electrons from one atom are shared with one other atom is called what?
covalent bond
A chemical bond that forms when electrons from many
atoms are loosely shared with many other atoms is called
what?
Metallic bond
How many valence electrons are there in the elements in the Alkaline
Earth Metals family (group 2)?
2
Electrons are organized in atoms by what?
Energy levels
Numbers that would go in the blanks of this equation are called what?
____H2CO3 ____H2O + ___CO2
coefficients
How many valence electrons are there in
elements in the Oxygen family?
6
What do elements in the same group on the periodic
table have in common which gives them similar
chemical properties?
Number of valence electrons
The physical characteristic of being able to be drawn into wires without breaking is
known as what?
ductility
What ending is used for the names of ions formed when
atoms GAIN electrons?
- ide , like Chlorine (Cl) goes to Chloride when it gets an electron and becomes an ion (Cl-)
How many valence electrons are there in Bromine (Br)?
7
Repeating, 3 dimensional patterns of ions in the
structures of ionic bond substances is called what?
Crystal lattice
Elements such as nitrogen, which is found in its pure
form in nature in a molecule N2 , are called what kind of
elements?
Diatomic elements
What kind of bonding helps keep metals together so they are ductile and malleable?
Metallic bonds
Is this equation balanced?
____H2CO3 ____H2O + ___CO2
yes
In general, do metals have a high number of
valence electrons or a low number?
low
The physical characteristic of being able to be molded into shapes such as foil without breaking is known as what?
malleability
Most of the elements in the periodic table are what
kind of elements?
Metals
The periodic table is arranged by atomic
number, what was the first periodic table made by Medeleev arranged by?
Atomic Mass
The elements found in the same vertical columns on
the periodic table are known as what?
Groups or Families
The elements found in the same horizontal rows on
the periodic table are known as what?
Periods
Table salt contains elements from which two
families of elements?
Alkali Metals and Halogens
As you move up and down across the periodic table,
what happens to the chemical properties of the
elements?
They stay the same
Chlorine and Iodine, which are important
disinfectants, are in what family of elements?
Halogens
About 80% of the air we breath is made up of
which element?
Nitrogen
What are the two most reactive families
of elements?
Alkali metals and Halogens
An atom with the same number of protons, neutrons
and electrons has what electrical charge?
Zero or neutral
What is the only transition metal that is a liquid at
room temperature?
Mercury
How many valence electrons are there in the elements in the Carbon
family?
4
A +1 ion has 36 electrons, how many protons does it
have?
37
How many electrons are in the 1st energy level of
an atom with 43 electrons?
2
Barium (Ba) is most like which of the following
Elements?Na, Cl, O, Ag or Be
Be
How reactive is Radon Gas?
Not reactive
What are the two most reactive families
of elements?
Alkali metals and Halogens
Which is more reactive, Boron (B) or
Potassium (K)?
K
A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical
means is known as what?
Element
When salt dissolves into water what kind of change
has taken place?
Physical
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
is known as what?
A mixture
A sample of matter made up entirely of either a single
element or a single compound that has definite chemical and physical properties is known as
what?
A pure substance
A homogeneous (all the same) mixture of two or more
substances uniformly dispersed through a single phase is known as what?
solution
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds is known as what?
A compound
In a solution, the substance that gets dissolved into the
solvent is called what?
solute
An element that has properties of both
metals and nonmetals is known as what?
metalloid
Sugar is put into water and it completely disappears. What
kind of mixture would you have?
solution
Which one of the following is NOT a mixture?
MilkSaltEggs
Butter
Salt
What kind of substance shows lower solubility in
liquids as the temperature of the liquid increases?
Gas
Is sodium chloride an element or a compound?
compound
Flammability is what kind of
property?
Chemical
The water in salt water is what part of the solution?
solvent
An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly
is known as what?
Non metal
The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a
given temperature and pressure is called what?
Solubility
An element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well is
called what?
Metal
Filtering could separate which of the following?
Sugar WaterMuddy Water
Ice Tea
Muddy Water
What happens to the properties of
elements when they form a compound?
They change
The physical forms of matter, which include
solid, liquid and gas are known as what?
States of Matter
The state of matter that has a definite volume but
not a definite shape is known as what?
Liquid
The measure of how hot or cold something is or a measure of
the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object is
known as what?
Temperature
An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature
of the substance is known as what?
Thermal expansion
The change of state where a solid becomes a liquid is known as what?
melting
The state of matter that does not have a definite
volume or shape is known as what?
Gas
The state of matter in which the volume and
shape of a substance are fixed is known as what?
Solid
The change of state where a liquid becomes a
gas is known as what?
Evaporation
The change of state where a gas becomes a
liquid is known as what?
condensation
The change of state where a liquid becomes a solid is known as what?
freezing
The change of state where a solid becomes a gas is known as what?
sublimation
When water vapor cools and condenses, is the process
endothermic or exothermic?
exothermic
The boiling point of water is 1000C and the melting point is
00C, what is the freezing point of water in 0C?
00C
In a reaction/change where the substance in question gains heat
energy is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?
Endothermic
If 1 liter of water boils at 1000C, what temperature would 1000 liters of water
boil at?
1000C
When one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different
properties it is called what?
Chemical Change
Which physical property is a ratio between the mass and
volume of a substance
Density
If an element has 18 protons, how many
electrons will it have in a neutral or zero charge
state?
18
When water vapor condenses into liquid water,
what kind of change is taking place ?
Physical
Objects float or sink in fluids based on what
property?
density
The rate at which a substance conducts heat is
called what?
Thermal conductivity
How easily electricity moves through a substance is called
what?
Electrical conductivity
D=M/V is what relationship?
Density
In a graduated cylinder containing many liquid
layers, where is the most dense liquid found?
The bottom
Wooden spoons are used in cooking because they have a
very low what?
Thermal Conductivity
When two substances are mixed together and bubbles are produced, what kind of
change has taken place ?
Chemical
The quantity of heat required to raise a unit of mass of a
material 1 degree Centigrade (Celsius) is called what?
Specific heat
What happens to the properties of elements
when they form a mixture?
They stay the same