Chemistry Release Notes 2017

Publish Date: March 15, 2017

Revision Number: C-2015-002(03/17)-LC

Page Count Difference:

In the latest edition of Chemistry, there are 1353 pages compared to the 1349 pages in the last edition. This page count variation is due to errata revisions.

Errata:

Below is a table containing submitted errata, and the resolutions that OpenStax has provided for this latest text.

Issue Resolution SeverityChapter1:EssentialIdeas;EndofChapterExercisesInChapter1,question90,thereisatypo.0.97g/cmshouldbe0.97g/cm^3.

Revisequestion90part(a)from"g/cm"to"g/cm^3"asfollows:(a)Whatisthemassof4.00cm^3ofsodium,density=0.97g/cm^3? Typo

Chapter1.4:EssentialIdeas,Section:MeasurementsFigure1,showingtherulersisnotrepresentativeofanactualft/cmcomparison.I'mnotsurehowtheillusionwascreated,buttheimageclearlysuggeststhat1ftis30cm.True,it'sclose,buttheerroriscompoundedbythepointof90cmsuchthatthe3-ftmarkshouldmatchupwithabout91.5cm,not90,whichshouldbeclearlyvisible.Theproblemisduetothefactthatthe100marklinesupwith40cm,not39.36.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch,butitisenough.Measurementsareimportantinchemistry,andsowhynotdoitright?

RevisetherulerinFigure1.23tocorrectlyshowthealignmentofcentimetersandfeet. Minor

Chapter1.4:EssentialIdeas,Section:Measurements,EndofChapterExercisesIn

Revisetheanswertoexercise43asfollows:43.VisitthisPhETdensitysimulationandselectMysteryBlocks....(c)OrdertheMysteryBlocks Typo

section1.4Measurements,thereisanerrorinpartcofthesolutionforthelastexerciseonthepage.Thesolutiongivenis"(c)B/blue/apple(0.64kg/L)<C/green/gasoline(0.700kg/L)<C/green/ice(0.920kg/L)<D/red/diamond(3.53kg/L)<A/yellow/gold(19.3kg/L)"Thismakesnosense,becauseC/greencannotbeboth0.700kg/Land0.920kg/L.Ibelievethe3rdand4thblocksarebothidentifiedincorrectly,andthatthecorrectsolutionshouldbe"(c)B/blue/apple(0.64kg/L)<C/green/gasoline(0.700kg/L)<D/red/ice(0.920kg/L)<E/purple/diamond(3.53kg/L)<A/yellow/gold(19.3kg/L)".

fromleastdensetomostdense.Explain.Answer:(c)B/blue/apple(0.64kg/L)<C/green/gasoline(0.700kg/L)<D/red/ice(0.920kg/L)<E/purple/diamond(3.53kg/L)<A/yellow/gold(19.3kg/L)

Chapter1.5:EssentialIdeas;Section1.5:MeasurementUncertainty,Accuracy,andPrecision;Subsection:SignificantFiguresinCalculations.AppearsintextandExample1.3"lesserthan5"shouldbe"lessthan5"

RevisetheparagraphbeforeExample1.3RoundingNumberstosay"lessthan"insteadof"lesserthan". Typo

Chapter1.6:EssentialIdeas,Section:MathematicalTreatmentofMeasurementResults,EndofChapterExercisesQuestion77cand77f:thereisa"t"whereIbelieveyoumeanx(times):(c)theareaofan8.5t11-inchsheetofpaperincm2(e)theestimatedmassoftheatmosphere,5.6t1015tons,tokilograms

Inparts(c)and(d)ofexercise77,revise"t"toamultiplicationsymbolasfollows:77.Maketheconversionindicatedineachofthefollowing:(c)theareaofan8.5c11-inchsheetofpaperincm2(e)theestimatedmassoftheatmosphere,5.6x1015tons,tokilograms Typo

Chapter2:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,EndofChapterExercisesInchapter

Revisequestion43part(b)todeleteextraneous"and"asfollows:(b)thenoblegaselementwith75neutronsinitsnucleusand54electronsinthe Typo

2,question43part(b)thereisatypo.Change"withand75"to"with75."

neutralatom

Chapter2:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,EndofChapterExercises,25IntheanswertoProblem2.25,thefractionalabundancesaregivenwhenthepercentabundancesarewhatwasaskedfor.revise“Turkeysource:0.2649(of10.0129amuisotope);USsource:0.2537(of10.0129amuisotope)”to“Turkeysource:26.49%(of10.0129amuisotope);USsource:25.37%(of10.0129amuisotope)”

Inexercise25,revisethefractionalabundancesgiventopercentabundances. Minor

Chapter2:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,EndofChapterExercises,48InProblem48,revise“MgC2H3O2”to“Mg(C2H3O2)2

Revisepartbofexercise48asfollows:48.Foreachofthefollowingcompounds,statewhetheritisionicorcovalent,andifitisionic,writethesymbolsfortheionsinvolved:(b)Mg(C2H3O2)2 Minor

Chapter2:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,EndofChapterExercises,59InProblem55,partb),revise“titaniumdioxide”to“titanium(IV)oxide”

Revisepartdofexercise59asfollows:59.Thefollowingioniccompoundsarefoundincommonhouseholdproducts.Writetheformulasforeachcompound:(d)titanium(IV)oxide Minor

Chapter2.3:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,Section:2.3AtomicStructureandSymbolismatomicmass(A)shouldbemassnumber(A)

RevisethefifthparagraphofsectionAtomicStructureandFunctionasfollows:atomicnumber(Z)=numberofprotonsmassnumber(A)=numberofprotons+numberofneutronsA-Z=numberofneutrons Typo

Chapter2.3:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,Section:AtomicStructureandSymbolism,EndofChapterExercisesThesolutionguideincorrectuses(1+x)whenitmostlikelymeans(1-x);thoughtheanswersprovidedarefine.Again,theproblemisinthe

Revise"1+x"to"1-x"inthesolutionofexercise25. Typo

SolutionsGuide-nottextbook.Chapter2.3:Atoms,Molecules,andIons;Section2.3:AtomicStructureandSymbolism;Example2.3"atomofplatinum"shouldbe"ionofplatinum."

RevisetheCheckYourLearninginExample2.3CompositionofanAtomasfollows:"Anionofplatinumhasamassnumberof195andcontains74electrons.Howmanyprotonsandneutronsdoesitcontain,andwhatisitscharge?"(Previous:Anatomofplatinum...) Typo

Chapter2.5:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,Section:ThePeriodicTableIntheparagraphaboveFigure3,thesecond-to-lastsentencecurrentlyreads"Hydrogenisaunique,nonmetallicelementwithpropertiessimilartobothgroup1Aandgroup7Aelements."However,IthinkthosegrouplabelsarefromtheoldUSsystem,nolongerusedinthistextbook.Theold1Aisnow1,andtheold7Aisnow17.Therefore,thelastpartofthesecond-to-lastsentenceshouldbechangedto"propertiessimilartobothgroup1andgroup17elements."

Revisethereferencesto"group1A"and"group7A"to"group1"and"group17"respectively. Minor

Chapter2.6:Atoms,Molecules,andIons;Section:2.6MolecularandIonicCompounds;Subsection:IonicCompoundsReplacethephrase,"relativenumbersofitsconstituentcations,"with"relativenumbersofitsconstituentions."

Revise"constituentcations"to"constituentions"inthelastparagraphbeforesectionMolecularCompoundsasfollows:"Becauseanioniccompound...Instead,ioniccompoundsmustbesymbolizedbyaformulaindicatingtherelativenumbersofitsconstituentions." Typo

Chapter2.6:Atoms,Molecules,andIons;Section:2.6MolecularandIonicCompounds;Subsection:MolecularCompounds;Example2.12.Theanswertopart(d)of

Revise"group1A"to"group1"inthesolutiontoExample2.12PredictingtheTypeofBondinginCompoundspart(d)asfollows:(d)Lithium(group1)isametal,andcarbonateisapolyatomicion;Li2CO3ispredictedtobeionic. Typo

Example2.12shouldread,"Lithium(group1)"not"Lithium(group1A)."Chapter2.6:Atoms,Molecules,andIons;Section:2.6MolecularandIonicCompounds;SummaryInthesummaryofsection2.6:MolecularandIonicCompounds,"negativelychargeions"shouldbe"negativelychargedions."

Typo

Chapter2.7:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,Section:ChemicalNomenclature,ChemistryinEverydayLife:ErinBrokovichandChromiumContaminationErrorisfoundintheChemistryinEverydayLifeBoxonErinBrockovichinchapter2.Thecaptionforfigure2.32statesthat"ErinBrockovichfoundthatCr(IV),usedbyPG&E,..."TheRomannumeralsarereversed.ItshouldbeCr(VI).

Revise"Cr(IV)"to"Cr(VI)"intheChemistryinEverydayLifefeatureonErinBrockovich. Minor

Chapter2.7:Atoms,Molecules,andIons,Section:ChemicalNomenclature,SectionSummaryThelastsentenceofKeyConceptsandSummaryChapter2.7itsays"Oxyacidsarenamedbychangingtheendingoftheanionto–ic,andadding“acid;”H2CO3iscarbonicacid."Imightadd"or-ous"after-ic.SoitwouldreadOxyacidsarenamedbychangingtheendingoftheanionto–icor-ous,andadding“acid;”H2CO3iscarbonicacid.

Revisethelastsentenceofthesummaryasfollows:"Oxyacidsarenamedbychangingtheendingoftheanion(–ateto–ic,and–iteto–ous)andadding“acid;”... Minor

Chapter2.7:Atoms, Revise"Cr4+"to"Cr3+"inthesolutionto Typo

Molecules,andIons;Section:2.7ChemicalNomenclature;Subsection:CompoundsContainingaMetalIonwithaVariableCharge;Example2.13.Cr^4+shouldbeCr^3+inthesolutiontoExample2.13.

Example2.13NamingIonicCompoundsasfollows:...thepositiveionsmustbeFe3+,Cu2+,Ga3+,Cr3+,andTi3+.

Chapter2.7:Atoms,Molecultes,andIonsIntroductionSection:ChemicalNomenclatureIntable2.9onpg108(NamesofSomeTransitionMetalIonicCompounds),thefirstentryofthetableis'FeCl3',andthenamegiveninthetableisiron(II)chloride.Itshouldbeiron(III)chloride,asdescribeintheparagraphprecedingthetable.

Minor

Chapter2.7:Atoms,Molecultes,andIonsIntroductionSection:ChemicalNomenclaturetable2.9onpage108intheorangechemistrybookFeCl_3wasgiventhenameiron(II)chloridechlorideisa1-charge,andifthereis3ofthem,thenthechlorinehasatotal3-charge.therefore,Ironmustcarrya3minuschargetobalancethecompound.andthereisonlyoneiron,sothatoneelementmustcarrytheentire3-charge.sothenameofthiscompoundshouldbeiron(III)chlorideThisismajor,theentirecurriculumofchemistryisbasedonunderstandingnomenclatureproperly.Thisneedstobecorrectedasap.

Major

Chapter3:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions,

Revise"concentrationthe"to"concentrationofthe"inquestion60asfollows:60.If4.12Lofa Typo

EndofChapterExercisesInquestion60,"concentrationthe"shouldbe"concentrationofthe".

0.850M-H3PO4solutionisbedilutedtoavolumeof10.00L,whatistheconcentrationoftheresultingsolution?

Chapter3:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;EndofChapterExercisesInChapter3,question25,thereisatypo.A1_2C1_6andA1_2S_3shouldbeAl_2Cl_6andAl_2S_3.

Revisetheincorrect"1"to"l"inquestion25asfollows:Al2Cl6(notA12Cl6) Typo

Chapter3.1:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions,Section:FormulaMassandtheMoleConceptp.130saysCHCl3isusedtomakeTeflon.Isn'tteflonapolymermadeoutofCF2=CF2?

UndertheheadingFormulaMassforCovalentSubstances,revisethediscussionofchloroformandTeflonasfollows:"Considerchloroform(CHCl3),acovalentcompoundonceusedasasurgicalanestheticandnowprimarilyusedintheproductionoftetrafluoroethylene,thebuildingblockforthe"anti-stick"polymer,Teflon." Major

Chapter3.1:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions,Section:FormulaMassandtheMoleConcept,EndofChapterExercisesChapter3Problem25Answerinthebackofthebook.Theproblemsasksforgreatestmass;howevertheanswerprovidedisinmoles(p.12632015;p.12612016)

Addthemassvaluestothesolutionforexercise25asfollows:25.Determinewhichofthefollowingcontainsthegreatestmassofaluminum:122gofAlPO4,266gofAl2C16,or225gofAl2S3.Answer:AlPO4:1.000mol,or26.98gAlAl2Cl6:1.994mol,or53.74gAlAl2S3:3.00mol,or80.94gAlTheAl2S3samplethuscontainsthegreatestmassofAl. Typo

Chapter3.1:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;Section3.1:FormulaMassandtheMoleConcept;Subsection:TheMole.InthecaptiontoFigure3.6,pleasechange"454.9gofHgI_2(mercury(II)iodide,formulamass459.9amu)"to"454.4gofHgI_2(mercury(II)iodide,formulamass454.4amu)."Thenumbersmustbethesame+errorinRFM.

Revise"454.9g"to"454.4g"inthecaptionforthesecondfigureinsectionTheMoleasfollows:Clock-wisefromtheupperleft...454.4gofHgI_2(mercury(II)iodide,formulamass454.4amu). Typo

Chapter3.1:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;Section3.1:FormulaMassandtheMoleConcept;

Revise"256.6g"to"256.5g"inthecaptionforthesecondfigureinsectionTheMoleasfollows:Clock-wisefromtheupperleft...256.5gofS_8(sulfur,formulamass256.5amu). Typo

Subsection:TheMole.InthecaptiontoFigure3.6,pleasechange,"256.6gofS_8(sulfur,formulamass256.6amu)"to"256.5gofS_8(sulfur,formulamass256.5amu)."Chapter3.1:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;Section3.1:FormulaMassandtheMoleConcept;Subsection:TheMole.PleasechangetheaverageatomicmassofClfrom33.45to35.45.

CorrecttheaverageatomicmassofClfrom"33.45"to"35.45"inthetablebelowthesecondfigureinsectionTheMole. Typo

Chapter3.2:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutionsSection:DeterminingEmpiricalandMolecularFormulasTheanswertoExample3.13hasanerror.Thesubscriptforthefinalansweris6:(C5H7N)6=C10H14N2Itshouldbe2:(C5H7N)2=C10H14N2 Fixed. CriticalChapter3.2:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions,Section:DeterminingEmpiricalandMolecularFormulas,EndofChapterExercisesp.167Problem33bThephrase:'(...)photographic"hypo"'isperhapsnotthebest-orattheveryleastrequiresafewadditionalwordsofexplanation.Idevelopedfilmintheday-andIdidn'treadilypickuponwhatthismeant.Manyofmystudentsthinkthatitisa'typo'.Maybe:'thepercentcompositionofsodiumthiosulfate'Notreallyatypo-butI'veseenthiscausealotofconfusionwithanumbermystudents...They

Reviseexercise33part(b)asfollows:33.Calculatethefollowingtofoursignificantfigures:(b)thepercentcompositionofphotographicfixersolution(“hypo”),Na2S2O3

Unspecified

arethesnapchatgeneration.

Chapter3.2:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;Section3.2:DeterminingEmpiricalandMolecularFormulas;Subsection:DerivationofMolecularFormulas.InExample3.13DeterminationoftheMolecularFormulaforNicotine,includethecalculationsofmolarratios.

IncludethecalculationsforthemolerationsinExample3.13DeterminationoftheMolecularFormulaforNicotineasfollows:6.163molC/1.233molN=58.624molH/1.233molN=71.233molN/1.233molN=1 Typo

Chapter3.2:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;Section3.2:DeterminingEmpiricalandMolecularFormulas;Subsection:DerivationofMolecularFormulas.Inthesolutiontoexample3.13,pleasechange(C_5H_7_N)_6to(C_5H_7_N)_2.

Inthesolutiontoexample3.13DeterminationoftheMolecularFormulaforNicotine,revise"C5H7N6"to"C5H7N2". Typo

Chapter3.3:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions,Section:Molarity,Example3.16Onpage152,Example3.16indicatesthatthechemicalformulaforvinegarisCH2CO2H.Itisnot.ThechemicalformulaforvinegarisHC2H3O2,commonlywrittenasCH3COOH.Nobodywritesthechemicalformula'CH2CO2H',or'CH3CO2H'incorporatingthecorrection.Themolarmassofthecompoundisgivencorrectlyas60.052g/molsonochangeisneededinthemath.

RevisetheformulaforvinegargiveninExample3.16CalculatingMolarConcentrationsfromtheMassofSoluteto"CH3CO2H". Typo

Chapter3.3:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions,Section:Molarity,Example:CalculatingMolarConcentrationsfromtheMassofSolutePage154,

InthesolutiontoExample3.16CalculatingMolarConcentrationsfromtheMassofSolute,revisetheformulaforaceticacidfrom"CH2CO2H"to"CH3CO2H". Typo

example3.16Aceticacid'sformulaiswrittenincorrectlyintheworkedoutsolution."CH2CO2H"islisted3timesintheformulaanditshouldbe"CH3CO2H".Chapter3.3:CompositionofSubstancesandSolutions;Section3.3:Molarity;Subsection:DilutionofSolutions;Example3.20.InthesolutiontoExample3.20,changethephrase,"fourtimestheoriginalconcentrations,"to"fourtimestheoriginalvolume."

InthesolutiontoExample3.20VolumeofaDilutedSolution,revise"fourtimestheoriginalconcentrations,"to"fourtimestheoriginalvolume." Typo

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,EndofChapterExercisesChapter4,problem71:ThesolutionisH3PO4isthelimitingreactant,notCr.Inthesolutionmanual(fortheinstructor)Iseewhythereisamistake:Openstaxused0.50molCr,not0.50GRAMSintheircalculation,thencomparedthatto0.75molH3PO4,not0.75GRAMS.H3PO4isthelimitingreactant

Reviseexercise71asfollows:71.Outlinethestepsneededtodeterminethelimitingreactantwhen0.50molofCrand0.75molofH3PO4reactaccordingtothefollowingchemicalequation. Typo

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,EndofChapterExercisesChapter4,problem81.Thesolutiontothisproblemiswrong.Thesolutionis6.13x10^-3MCl-,not9.6x10^-3MCl-.Intheinstructor'smanual,Icanseethesourceoftheerror.**Openstaxused8.25x10-4Mintheircalculation,not5.25x10-4M

Reviseexercise81asfollows:81....WhatistheCl-concentrationina0.25-mLsampleofnormalserumthatrequires1.46mLof8.25×10^-4MHg(NO3)2(aq)toreachtheendpoint? Minor

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,EndofChapterExercisesFor

Inserta"+"betweenCl^-(aq)andAg^+(aq)inquestion12partii,asfollows:ii.Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)+Ag+(aq)+NO3-(aq)-->AgCl(s)+Na+(aq)+NO3- Typo

equationiiinquestion12ofchapter4,pleaseinserta+betweenCl^-(aq)andAg^+(aq).

(aq)

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,EndofChapterExercisesInquestion49ofchapter4,replacethephrase"fromoresas"with"fromoressuchas."

Replacethephrase"fromoresas"with"fromoressuchas"inquestion4,asfollows:4.SilverisoftenextractedfromoressuchasK[Ag(CN)2]and... Typo

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,EndofChapterExercisesProblem11,reactiona),revise"BaC2O2(s)"to"BaC2O4(s)"Problem12,revise"Usethefollowingequationstoanswerthenextfivequestions"to"Usethefollowingfivechemicalequationstoanswerthenextfourquestions"

Revisetheinstructionsforexercises12-15asfollows:"Usethefollowingequationstoanswerthenextfourquestions:" Minor

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,EndofChapterExercises,3Backofthebookanswerhasasmalltypo:page1262ofthe2016ed,Chapter4Problem3FReads:"(NH4)2Cr52O7(s)"Oughttoread:"(NH4)2Cr2O7(s)"There'sanextra'5'

Inthesolutiontopartfofexercise3,revisethelefthalfoftheequationasfollows:"(NH4)2Cr2O7" Typo

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;AnswerKey,Question71Intheanswerforquestion71inchapter4,theformulaH_2PO_4shouldbeH_3PO_4.

Revisetheformula"H2PO4"to"H3PO4"intheanswertoquestion71,asfollows:71.TheconversionneededismolCr-->molH3PO4... Typo

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;EndofChapterExercisesInquestion78ofchapter4,replacethephrase,"isberequiredtotitrate,"with"is

Replacethephrase,"isberequiredtotitrate,"with"isrequiredtotitrate"inquestion78asfollows:78.Whatvolumeof0.0105-MHBrsolutionisrequiredtotitrate125mLofa0.0100-MCa(OH)2solution? Typo

requiredtotitrate."

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;EndofChapterExercisesInquestion86ofchapter4,thephrase,"inhotwaterof60°Cis164gL"shouldbe,"inhotwaterof60°Cis164g/L."

Revisethephrase"inhotwaterof60°Cis164gL"to"inhotwaterof60°Cis164g/L"inquestion86,asfollows:86....ThesolubilityofNaHCO3inhotwaterof60degreesCis164g/L... Typo

Chapter4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;EndofChapterExercisesThequestion,"Whataretheempiricalandmolecularformulasofthecompound."shouldhaveaquestionmarkinsteadofaperiod. Addaquestionmarkattheendofquestion85. TypoChapter4.1:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:WritingandBalancingChemicalEquations,EndofChapterExercisesChapter4Problem7cpage1262:Theanswergiveninthebackofthebookis:Al2O3(GAS)itshouldbea(SOLID).

Revisetheanswergivenforpart(d)ofexercise7asfollows:7.Colorfulfireworksofteninvolvethedecompositionofbariumnitrateandpotassiumchlorateandthereactionofthemetalsmagnesium,aluminum,andironwithoxygen....Answer:(d)...4Al(s)+3O2(g)-->2Al2O3(s) Typo

Chapter4.1:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:WritingandBalancingChemicalEquations,EndofChapterExercisesEndofchapterexercises-Chapter4#11partaproductlistedasBaC2O2(s);shouldbeBaC2O4(s)

Revisetheformulagiveninpart(a)ofexercise11asfollows:11.Fromthebalancedmolecularequations,writethecompleteionicandnetionicequationsforthefollowing:(a)K2C2O4(aq)+Ba(OH)2(aq)-->2KOH(aq)+BaC2O4(s) Typo

Chapter4.1:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:WritingandBalancingChemicalEquations,EndofChapterExercisesp.1262Chapter4Problem3fThe(NH4)2Cr52O7oughttoread(NH4)2Cr2O7.Ithinkthat

Revise"(NH4)2Cr52O7"to"(NH4)2Cr2O7"inthesoltuiontoexercise3part(f). Typo

theextra5isasimpletypo

Chapter4.1:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.1:WritingandBalancingChemicalEquations;Subsection:BalancingEquations.InthetablethatappearsjustbeforeExample4.1,2times2shouldequal4not2.

InthetablethatappearsjustbeforeExample4.1BalancingChemicalEquations,revise"2x2=2"to"2x2=4". Typo

Chapter4.1:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section:WritingandBalancingChemicalEquations,firstfigureInthecaptionforFigure4.2,change"carbondioxideinwater"to"carbondioxideandwater."

Revise"carbondioxideinwater"to"carbondioxideandwater"inthecaptionforthefirstfigureinsection4.1WritingandBalancingChemicalEquationsasfollows:Thereactionbetweenmethaneandoxygentoyieldcarbondioxideandwater(shownatbottom)mayberepresentedbyachemicalequationusingformulas(top). Typo

Chapter4.2:StoichiometryofChemicalReactionsSection:ClassifyingChemicalReactionsInTable4.1,theion‘chromate’isgiventheformulaCrO32-,ratherthanCrO42-. Fixed. MinorChapter4.2:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.2:ClassifyingChemicalReactions;Subsection:BalancingRedoxReactionsviatheHalf-ReactionMethod;Example4.7InStep4fortheSolutiontoExample4.7,thelastequationshouldread,"Cr_2O_7^2-+14H^+yields2Cr^3++7H_2O."

Add"14H+"tothelastequationinthesolutiontoExample4.7BalancingRedoxReactionsinAcidicSolutionasfollows:Cr2O72-+14H+-->2Cr3++7H2O Typo

Chapter4.2:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.2:ClassifyingChemicalReactions;Subsection:Oxidation-ReductionReactions;Example4.5InthesolutiontoExample4.5,The

Revise"(3x-1)"to"(3x-2)"inthesolutiontoExample4.5AssigningOxidationNumberspart(b)asfollows:(b)...chargeonSO32-=-2=(3x-2)+(1xX) Typo

equation,"chargeonSO_3^2-=-2=(3times-1)+(1timesx)"shouldread,"chargeonSO_3^2-=-2=(3times-2)+(1timesx)."Chapter4.2:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.2:ClassifyingChemicalReactions;Subsection:PrecipitationReactionsandSolubilityRules;Table4.1InTable4.1,thechargeforthesulfateionshould2-notjust-.

RevisethechargeforthesulfateioninTable4.1SolubilitiesofCommonIonicCompoundsinWaterfrom"-"to"2-" Typo

Chapter4.4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:ReactionYields,EndofChapterExercisesChapter4problem69:Intheproductside,etherismissingitsOxygen.Reads-2C2H5OH+H2SO4-->(C2H5)2+H2SO4*H2O(C2H2)2shouldbe(C2H5)2

Revisetheequationgiveninexercise69asfollows:69.Outlinethestepsneededtosolvethefollowingproblem,thendothecalculations...2C2H5OH+H2SO4-->(C2H5)2O+H2SO4xH2O Minor

Chapter4.4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:ReactionYields,Example4.16CombustionAnalysisAvogadro’snumberonflowcartshouldbe"stoichiometricfactor"

RevisetheflowchartinExample4.16CombustionAnalysistoread"stoichiometricfactor"insteadof"Avogadro'snumber". Typo

Chapter4.4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:ReactionYields,Example4.16CombustionAnalysismisleadingtohaveyasthesubscriptintheformulaCxHy(s)andalsoasthecoefficientforH2O

InthesolutiontoExample4.16CombustionAnalysis,change"y"to"y/2"infrontofH2O,asfollows:CxHy(s)+excessO2(g)-->xCO2+(y/2)H2O(g) Typo

Chapter4.4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.4:ReactionYields;Subsection:LimitingReactant;Example4.12InthesolutiontoExample4.12,fortheequationfor

Revise"28.09gN2"to"28.02gN2"inthesecondequationinthesolutiontoExample4.12IdentifyingtheLimitingReactantasfollows:molN2=1.50gN2x(1molN2/28.02gN2)=0.0535molN2 Typo

molN_2,thedenominatorofthefractionshouldread"28.02gN_2."Chapter4.4:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.4:ReactionYields;Subsection:LimitingReactant;Example4.13IntheCheckYourLearningforExample4.13changethephrase,"oftheFreon"to"oftheFreongas."

Revise"theFreon"to"thegasFreon"intheCheckYourLearningquestionforExample4.13CalculationofPercentYieldasfollows:Whatisthepercentyieldofareactionthatproduces12.5gofthegasFreonCF2Cl2from32.9gofCCl4andexcessHF? Typo

Chapter4.5:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:QuantitativeChemicalAnalysis,EndofChapterExercisesIronically-thenewereditionoftheChemistrybook(orange)containsanerror;whereas,theoldereditiondoesnot.Onp.221ofthelatestedition,chapter4problem81:Theconcentrationgiven"(...)5.25×10?4MHg(NO3)2(aq)toreachtheendpoint?"Oughttoread"(...)8.25(...)"inordertoyieldthecomputedvaluefoundinthebackofthebook.Intheearlieredition,thiswascorrect.Furthermore,inthesolutionsguide-theprobleminterchangesbetweenthesetwonumericalvalues(photoattached.) Inexercise81,revise"5.25"to"8.25". MinorChapter4.5:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:QuantitativeChemicalAnalysis,EndofChapterExercisesp.222Chapter4Problem83.ThequestiontalksaboutGaBr2-however,itoughttoreadGaBr3.

Inexercise83,revise"GaBr2"to"GaBr3"throughout. Typo

Chapter4.5:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions,Section:QuantitativeChemicalAnalysis,Example4.14PerhapstheformulaforPotassiumpermanganateshouldreadKMnO4insteadofMnO4

RevisetheCheckYourLearningforExample4.14TitrationAnalysisasfollows:"A20.00-mLsampleofaqueousoxalicacid,H2C2O4,wastitratedwitha0.09113-Msolutionofpotassiumpermanganate,KMnO4." Minor

Chapter4.5:StoichiometryofChemicalReactions;Section4.5:QuantitativeChemicalAnalysis;Subsection:Titration;Example4.14IntheSolutiontoExample4.14,replacethephrase,"sincetheamountsofreactantsareprovidedandrequestedare"with"sincetheamountsofreactantsprovidedandrequestedare."

Revise"sincetheamountsofreactantsareprovidedandrequestedare"to"sincetheamountsofreactantsprovidedandrequestedare"intheSolutiontoExample4.14TitrationAnalysisasfollows:Asforallreactionstoichiometrycalculations...sincetheamountsofreactantsprovidedandrequestedareexpressedassolutionconcentrations. Typo

Chapter5.1:ThermochemistrySection:EnergyBasicsExample5.1,inthefirstequation,revise“Tfina”to“Tfinal” Fixed TypoChapter5.1:ThermochemistrySection:EnergyBasicsIntheequationfortheheat,q,revise“(specifichea)”to“(specificheat)” Fixed TypoChapter5.1:Thermochemistry,Section:EnergyBasics,Example5.1Chapter5,workedexample5.1-computingtheheatgainofwater.Thestartingtemperatureintheproblemis21degC;however,inthesolution-itis20degC.

InthesolutiontoExample5.1MeasuringHeat,revise"20degreesC"to"21degreesC". Typo

Chapter5.2:Thermochemistry,Section:Calorimetry,Example5.3Onpage239ofChemistryStaxbook.OntheCheckyour

RevisethesolutiontotheCheckYourLearninginExample5.3HeatTransferbetweenSubstancesatDifferentTemperaturesasfollows:AnswerThefinaltemperature(reachedbybothcopperandwater)is38.7C. Minor

learningproblemnumber2.Theanswerisforthefinaltempisincorrect.Chapter5.2:Thermochemistry,Section:Calorimetry,Example5.5(p.248inhardback,Example5.5).“When50.0mLof0.10MHCl(aq)and50.0mLof0.10MNaOH(aq),…”shouldbothbe1.0M.Theproblemendsupwith-2.89x10^3Jfor0.0050molesofreactant,giving-578kJ/molwhichis10xtoobig.Usingthe1.0Msolutionsgives0.0500molesofeachreactant,giving-57.8kJ/molwhichisexpectedforthisreaction.Thesenumbers,2.9kJand0.0500molareusedforthesamereactioninproblem5.8.

RevisethefirstsentenceofExample5.5HeatProducedbyanExothermicReactionasfollows:"When50.0mLof1.00MHCl(aq)and50.0mLof1.00MNaOH(aq),bothat22.0degreesC..." Major

Chapter5.3:Thermochemistry,Section:Enthalpy,EndofChapterExercisesChapter5EndofChapterProblem49::Thequestionasksfortheenthalpyofcombustion.Theanswerinthebackofthebookisgivenasapositivevalue.However,pertheconventionofthebook-thisvalueoughttobenegative.+++https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vj9AmOlmFJ9IbVM5YrSxxjqyYt71Er26YQY4J0sX7Rk/edit?usp=sharing

Revisetheanswertoexercise49tobenegative,notpositive. Minor

Chapter5.3:Thermochemistry,Section:Enthalpy,EndofChapterExercisesChapter5Problem66Thegiveneqnhasatypo.Shouldread"CoO"butisinsteadwrittenas"Co".The

Revisethesecondreactiongiveninexercise66asfollows:66.CalculatedeltaHdegrees298fortheprocessCo3O4(s)-->3Co(s)+2O2(g)fromthefollowinginformation:...3CoO(s)+12O2(g)-->Co3O4(s) Typo

solutionguidehasitcorrect.+++Chapter5.3:Thermochemistry,Section:Enthalpy,EndofChapterExercisesChapter5Problem69dProblemstemread"Cs2"andoughtread"CS2".Basicallythesulfurneedstobeincaps. Inexercise69,capitalize"S"forsulfur. TypoChapter5.3:Thermochemistry,Section:Enthalpy,EndofChapterExercisesIntheThermochemistrychapterinthesectiononenthalpythereisaverygoodexercisethatneedstohavethereactionbalanced.Ifyouwantthestudentstobalancethisreactionontheirown,itwouldbegoodtopointouttheyshouldcheckthatthereactionisbalanced.Theexerciseispastedbelow.Intheearlydaysofautomobiles,illuminationatnightwasprovidedbyburningacetylene,C2H2.Thoughnolongerusedasautoheadlamps,acetyleneisstillusedasasourceoflightbysomecaveexplorers.Theacetyleneis(was)preparedinthelampbythereactionofwaterwithcalciumcarbide,CaC2:CaC2(s)+H2O(l)?Ca(OH)2(s)+C2H2(g).Calculatethestandardenthalpyofthereaction.The?H?fofCaC2is?15.14kcal/mol.TheH2Ointhereactionmustbe2H2O.Thisofcoursemakesabigdifferencewhendoing?H?fproduct-?H?freactant.

Reviseexercise77toadda"2"infrontof"H2O"asfollows:77.Intheearlydaysofautomobiles,illuminationatnightwasprovidedbyburningacetylene,C2H2.Thoughnolongerusedasautoheadlamps,acetyleneisstillusedasasourceoflightbysomecaveexplorers.Theacetyleneis(was)preparedinthelampbythereactionofwaterwithcalciumcarbide,CaC2:CaC2(s)+2H2O(l)-->Ca(OH)2(s)+C2H2(g). Typo

Chapter5.3:Thermochemistry,Section:Enthalpy,Example5.15p.261e.g.5.15intheAltSolutionusingthedatafromAppendixG.Theoxygeninthethirdchemicalreactionisnotbalanced.A3isneededasit'scoeffienent(sp).

RevisethethirdequationgiveninthesolutiontoExample5.15UsingHess’sLawasfollows:Solution:SupportingWhytheGeneralEquationIsValid...H2(g)+N2(g)+3O2(g)-->2HNO3(aq) Typo

Chapter5.3:Thermochemistry,Section:Enthalpy,Example5.15UsingHess'sLawExample5.14and5.15inOpenStax-seeattachedfiles

RevisethethirdequationinExample5.15UsingHess’sLaw,Solution:SupportingWhytheGeneralEquationisValid,asfollows:H2(g)+N2(g)+3O2(g)-->2HNO3(aq) Typo

Chapter6:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements,EndofChapterExercises,53IntheanswertoProblem6.53,partsd)ande),revise“5s2”to“5s”“5p4”to“5p”“4d5”to“4d”

Revisethesolutiontoexercise53partsdandeasfollows:(d)“5s2”to“5s”“5p4”to“5p”(e)“4d5”to“4d” Minor

Chapter6:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;EndofChapterExercisesThephrase,"...describedinQuestion5,"shouldbe,"...describedinQuestion35."

Revise"Question5"to"thepreviousquestion"asfollows:36.Whichofthesubshellsdescribedinthepreviousquestioncontaindegenerateorbitals?Howmanydegenerateorbitalsareineach? Typo

Chapter6.1:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements,Section:ElectromagneticEnergy,Example6.3Section6.1,CheckYourselfProblem6.3CalculatethethresholdenergyinkJ/molofelectronsinaluminum,giventhatthelowestfrequencyphotonforwhichthephotoelectriceffectisobservedis9.87×1014Hz.Answer:3.94×105kJ/molshouldbe394KJ/mol

RevisethesolutionoftheCheckYourLearningquestioninExample6.3PhotoelectricEffectfrom"3.94×105kJ/mol"to"3.94kJ/mol". Typo

Chapter6.1:Electronic Revisethesolutiongivenforexercise9inthe Typo

StructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements,Section:ElectromagneticEnergy,SolutionGuideSolutionsguidehasatypo.p.2of5forChapter6Problem9a::Thefrequsedforthecalculationis7.9X10-7sec;whereasitoughtbebe3.45X1014.Ithinkthatthiswasaresultofcopy-pastefromnumber8.

solutionguidetoshownafrequencyof"3.45x10^14"ratherthan"7.9x10^-7".

Chapter6.1:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.1:ElectromagneticEnergy;Subsection:LineSpectraThecaptiontoFigure6.12shouldread,"Thissignshows,"not"Thissignshow."

Typo

Chapter6.1:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.1:ElectromagneticEnergy;Subsection:LineSpectraThephrase,"...containinghydrogengasatlowpressure,theH_2moleculesarebrokenapartintoseparateHatoms,weseeablue-pinkcolour"shouldread,"...containinghydrogengasatlowpressure,theH2moleculesarebrokenapartintoseparateHatomsandweseeablue-pinkcolour."

RevisethethirdparagraphofSectionLineSpectratoaddthemissing"and"asfollows:Forexample...theH2moleculesarebrokenapartintoseparateHatoms,andweseeablue-pinkcolor. Typo

Chapter6.1:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.1:ElectromagneticEnergy;Subsection:ThePhotoelectricEffect;Example6.3InExample6.3,thequestionshoulddirectstudentstochangethe

Revisethephrase"changedtheunderlinedword"with"changetheitalicizedword"inExample6.3PhotoelectricEffectasfollows:Identifywhichofthefollowingstatementsarefalseand,wherenecessary,changetheitalicizedwordorphrasetomakethemtrue,consistentwithEinstein'sexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect. Typo

italicizedword(s),nottheunderlinedwords.Chapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElementsSection:DevelopmentofQuantumTheoryProblem36,revise“describedinQuestion5contain”to“describedinQuestion35contain” Fixed MinorChapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElementsSection:DevelopmentofQuantumTheoryProblem38,revise“describedinQuestion7contain”to“describedinQuestion37contain” Fixed MinorChapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElementsThewordprincipalinthephrase"principalquantumnumber"ismisspelledinafewlocationsinchapter6.Theadjectiveshouldbe"principal"andnot"principle,"onasonpage298.

Reviseallinstancesof"principlequantumnumber"to"principalquantumnumber". Minor

Chapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.3:DevelopmentofQuantumTheory;Question38Thephrase,"...describedinQuestion7,"shouldbe,"...describedinQuestion37."

Revise"Question7"to"thepreviousquestion"asfollows:38.Whichofthesubshellsdescribedinthepreviousquestioncontaindegenerateorbitals?Howmanydegenerateorbitalsareineach? Typo

Chapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.3:DevelopmentofQuantumTheory;Subsection:ThePauliExclusionsPrinciple;

Revisethephrase"1orbitalslabeled5s"to"1orbitalslabeled5s"inExample6.8MaximumNumberofElectrons. Typo

Example6.8Thephrase,"1orbitalslabeled5s,"shouldbe,"1orbitalslabeled5s."Chapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.3:DevelopmentofQuantumTheory;Subsection:UnderstandingQuantumTheoryofElectronsinAtomsIntheequationonpg.316,"E_fina"shouldbe"E_final."

Revise"E_fina"to"E_final"intheequationinSectionBehaviorintheMicroscopicWorld,asfollows:deltaE=E_final-E_initial Typo

Chapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.3:DevelopmentofQuantumTheory;Subsection:UnderstandingQuantumTheoryofElectronsinAtomsThephrase,"Inthecaseofahydrogenatomoraoneelectronion(suchasHe^+,Li^+and...,"shouldread,"Inthecaseofahydrogenatomoraoneelectronion(suchasHe^+,Li^2+and..."

Revisethephrase"Inthecaseofahydrogenatomoraoneelectronion(suchasHe+,Li+and..."to"Inthecaseofahydrogenatomoraoneelectronion(suchasHe+,Li2+and...". Typo

Chapter6.3:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.3:DevelopmentofQuantumTheory;Subsection:UnderstandingQuantumTheoryofElectronsinAtomsThephrase,"theenergyofanelectroninatom,"shouldbe,"theenergyofanelectroninanatom."

RevisethesecondparagraphinSectionUnderstandingQuantumTheoryofElectronsinAtomstoaddthemissing"an"asfollows:Generallyspeaking,theenergyofanelectroninanatomisgreaterforgreatervaluesofn. Typo

Chapter6.4:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements,Section:ElectromagneticEnergy,Figure6.11Caption

RevisethecaptionofFigure6.11asfollows:"Photonswithlowfrequenciesdonothaveenoughenergytocauseelectronstobeejectedviathephotoelectriceffect.Foranyfrequencyoflightabovethethresholdfrequency,thekinetic Minor

forfigurere.photoelectriceffecterroneouslystateselectronkineticenergiesare"proportionalto"photonenergies,recommendrevisionasshownbelowtocorrectthiserrorandanpresently:"...thekineticenergyofejectedelectronwillbeproportionaltotheenergyoftheincomingphoton..."changeto:"...thekineticenergyofanejectedelectronwillincreaselinearlywiththeenergyoftheincomingphoton..."

energyofanejectedelectronwillincreaselinearlywiththeenergyoftheincomingphoton."

Chapter6.4:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements;Section6.4:ElectronicStructureofAtoms(ElectronConfigurations);Subsection:ElectronConfigurationsandthePeriodicTableThephrase,"...aremosteasilylostorsharedthanthecoreelectrons,"shouldbe,"...aremoreeasilylostorsharedthanthecoreelectrons."

Revisethephrase"...aremosteasilylostorsharedthanthecoreelectrons,"to"...aremoreeasilylostorsharedthanthecoreelectrons"inthefirstparagraphofSectionOrbitalEnergiesandAtomicStructure. Typo

Chapter6.5:ElectronicStructureandPeriodicPropertiesofElements,Section:PeriodicVariationsinElementProperties,EndofChapterExercisesInthesolutionsguideforChapter2problem49b;theanswergivenincorrectlyliststhecarbonateandoughttobethesulfate.Seeattachedpic.

IntheSolutionManual,revisethesolutiongivenforexercise49part(b)asfollows:(b)(NH4)2SO4 Typo

Chapter7:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry;Answerkey;EndofChapterExercisesThesolutionforpart(a)toquestion55inchapter7:ChemicalBonding

Addthetext"(a)"tothefirstsolutiongivenforquestion55. Typo

andMolecularGeometryismissing.Chapter7:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry;EndofChapterExercisesChoice(b)inQuestion32inChapter7shouldread,"ICl_4^-." Revise"IC4-"to"ICl4-"inquestion32part(b). TypoChapter7:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry;EndofChapterExercisesThequestion,"WhichofthemoleculesandionsinExercise7.93containpolarbonds?"shouldread,"Whichofthesemoleculesandionscontainpolarbonds?"Sincethereferenceto7.93isirrelevant.

DeletethereferencetoExercise7.93inquestion98. Typo

Chapter7.1:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry,Section:IonicBonding,Figure7.3figure7.3,thelabelingiswrong,largerspheresarelabeledNa+,smallerspheresCl-

InpartbofFigure7.3,reversethelabelsNa+andCl-. Typo

Chapter7.3:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry;Section7.3:LewisSymbolsandStructures;Subsection:Odd-electronMoleculesThephrase,"wefollowthesamesixstepswewouldfor,"shouldbe,"wefollowthesamefivestepswewouldfor."

Revisethephrase"wefollowthesamesixsteps"to"wefollowthesamefivesteps"inthesecondparagraphofSectionOdd-electronMolecules. Typo

Chapter7.5:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry,Section:StrengthsofIonicandCovalentBonds,Table7.4Idon'tknowifIamjustmisunderstanding,orifthisisanactualerror-Table7.4onpage367ofthetextbook

ReviseTable7.4toshowtheenthalpyofformationforcesiumfluoride. Minor

issupposedtoshowtheenthalpyofformationforcesiumchloride,butthereisinformationinthetablefortheformationofsodiumchloride.Chapter7.6:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry,Section:MolecularStructureandPolarityOnpage379oftheOpenStaxchemistrytext,thediagramforChloromethane,aswellasthecorrespondingwordinginthetext,areincorrect.Thedipolemomentarrowsforthebondsareallpointinginthewrongdirection.Theyshouldbepointingfromthemorepositiveelementtothemorenegativeelement.Thewordingshouldstate"Allofthedipoleshavean'UPWARD'component..."

InthesentencebeforetheVSEPRmodelofChloromethane,revise"downwardcomponent"to"upwardcomponent". Typo

Chapter7.6:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry,Section:MolecularStructureandPolarity,Example7.16Example7.16,reviseTheLewisstructureinthesolutionhasaminorerror.Oneoftheoxygensismissingacoupleoflonepairsofelectrons.

AddapairofelectronstotheOxygeninthefirstfigureofthesolutiontoExample7.16. Minor

Chapter7.6:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry;Section7.6:MolecularStructureandPolarity;Subsection:MolecularPolarityandDipoleMomentOnpage397,thereisnoC-Sdipole.Changethediagramwhichshowsadipole.

Revisetheparagraphthatfollowsthefigurelabeled"bondmovements"and"overalldipolemoment"asfollows:TheC-Obondisconsiderablypolar.AlthoughCandShaveverysimilarelectronegativityvalues,SisslightlymoreelectronegativethanC,andsotheC-Sbondisjustslightlypolar.Becauseoxygenismoreelectronegativethansulfur,theoxygenendofthemoleculeisthenegativeend.(Previous:AlthoughtheC–Obondispolar,CandShavethesameelectronegativityvaluesasshowninFigure Typo

7.6,sothereisnoC–Sdipole.Thus,thetwobondsdonothaveofthesamebonddipolemoment,andthebondmomentsdonotcancel.Becauseoxygenismoreelectronegativethansulfur,theoxygenendofthemoleculeisthenegativeend.)

Chapter7.6:ChemicalBondingandMolecularGeometry;Section7.6:MolecularStructureandPolarity;Subsection:MolecularPolarityandDipoleMomentThephrase,"Thus,thetwobondsdonothaveofthesamebonddipolemomentand...,"shouldbe,"Thus,thetwobondsdonothavethesamebonddipolemomentand..."

Delete"of"inthefifthparagraphofSectionVSEPRTheoryasfollows:Thus,thetwobondsdonothavethesamebonddipolemoment... Typo

Chapter8.1:AdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBonding,Section:ValenceBondTheoryOnpage405ofthemostrecentversionof'Chemistry',thereisamangledsentence,seeattachedscreenshot

Deletetheextraneous"in"inthefollowingsentenceasshown:"AstheLewisstructuressuggest,O2containsadoublebond,andN2containsatriplebond." Minor

Chapter8.1:AdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBonding,Section:ValenceBondTheory,Example8.1TheformulaforButadieneislistedasC6H6inexample8.1onpage417.ThecorrectformulaforButadieneisC4H6.

RevisetheformulagivenforButadieneinExample8.1CountingSigmaandPiBondsto"C4H6". Major

Chapter8.2:AdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBonding,Section:HybridAtomicOrbitalsThedescriptionoftheorbitals(seeFigurelegend,intermsofcolor,inFig.8.8isconfusing/wrong.Thep-orbitalisnot'red',norare

InFigures8.8,8.10,and8.15,revisethecaptionstosay"yellow"insteadof"purple". Major

thehybridorbitals'purple'.Iknowthatwewentthroughvariousiterationsofthesecolorings,butthefigurelegendsmustofcoursematchthefigures.Thesamediscrepancyoccursinotherfiguresinthischapter,e.g.Figs.8.10and8.15.Chapter8.2:AdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBonding,Section:HybridAtomicOrbitals,Figure8.10Figure8.10showingthehybridizationoforbitalstoformsp2orbitals.Thefigureshowsthesp2orbitalsarranged90degreesfromeachother,ratherthan120degreesinaplane.Thisisveryconfusingforstudents!

AddalabeltoFigure8.10tomarkthe120degreesbetweenthesp2orbitals. Major

Chapter8.4:AdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBondingSection:MolecularOrbitalTheoryThecaptionreads:"fromthevalancebandtotheconductionband."Pleasecorrectthespelling. fixedvalancetovalence-yingyan TypoChapter8.4:AdvancedTheoriesofCovalentBonding,Section:MolecularOrbitalTheory,Subsection:BondinginDiatomicMolecules"Whenasingleporbitalcontainsapairofelectrons,theactofpairingtheelectronsraisestheenergyoftheorbital.Thusthe2porbitalsforO,F,andNearehigherinenergythanthe2porbitalsforLi,Be,B,C,andN."Theelectronsinthe2porbitalsofO,F,andNearenothigherinenergythanthoseofLi,Be,B,C,andN.Thisstatementis

RevisetheparagraphafterFigure8.38(MOpatterns)asfollows:"s-pmixingoccurswhenthesandporbitalshavesimilarenergies.Theenergydifferencebetween2sand2porbitalsinO,F,andNeisgreaterthanthatinLi,Be,B,C,andN.Becauseofthis,O2,F2,andNeexhibitnegligibles-pmixing..." Major

muchtooovergeneralizedandleadstoagrossmisunderstandingofhowtothinkaboutatomicenergylevelsandtheconsequenteffectsofcombiningthem.TheonlycasewheredoubleoccupancyincreasestheapparentenergyisevidencedbytheslightlylowerIE1ofOcomparedtothatofN.ThesecondionizationenergyofO,however,ismuchgreaterthanthatofN,whichmeansthatthe2porbitalelectronsofOarenotallatahigherlevel.Further,andperhapsmoregermaneisthatIE1ofFandNearebothgreaterthanthatofNsothismakesthestatementquotedabovefalse,asIE1clearlyindicatesthatthesinglyoccupied2porbitalsofNareatahigherenergylevelthanthedoublyoccupied2porbitalsofFandNe.Thecorrectexplanationforthisdifferenceinsandpenergylevelsisthataseffectivenuclearchargebecomesstronger,thereisanincreasedseparation/differenceintheenergylevelsof2sand2pelectrons.ThisisthebetterexplanationfortheobservationsofOwhereeventhoughthedoubleoccupancyleadstoahigherIE1ascomparedtoNwithitssinglyoccupied2porbitals(suggestingdoubleoccupancyleadstohigherenergy),the2selectronsofOareatamuchlowerenergylevelthanthe2s

electronsofN,thusthereistoobigofanenergygapbetweenthoseelectronsformixingtooccur.ThisenergygapincreasesforelementstotherightofOastheirZeffectivealsoincreases.Conversely,the2sand2penergylevelsofNandall2ndperiodelementspriortoexhibitdecreasinglysmallergapsbetween2sand2pmovingtotheleftacrosstheperiodjustasZeffdecreases.Chapter9:Gases,EndofChapterExercises,11p.502Chapter9Problem11.Thequestionstemreads:"(...)pressureatsealevel29.97in.,(...)"Oughttoread:"(...)pressureatsealevel29.97in.Hg,(...)"Basicallymissingthe"Hg" Inexercise11,revise"29.97in."to"29.97in.Hg". TypoChapter9:Gases,EndofChapterExercises,25Chapter9Problem25page504(2016ed).Usingthefigurementionedintheproblem,onecannot(atthegiventemperature)gettheanswerthatisshowinginthebackofthebook.Eitherchangethetemperatureto191Koradjustthevolumeoftheanswer.

Revisethesolutiontoexercise25asfollows:25.Determinethevolumeof1molofCH4gasat150Kand1atm...SolutionAbout12.2L Typo

Chapter9:Gases,EndofChapterExercises,69Missinga"K"onpage507(2016ed)Chapter9Problem69A.Reads"875degree"shouldread"875K"(withoutthedegreeandKelvinadded.)

Revisepartaofexercise69togivetemperature"875K". Minor

Chapter9:Gases;AnswerKeyTheanswertoquestion105part(b)inchapter9

Revisetheanswertopart(b)ofquestion105touse"idealgasequation"insteadof"vanderWaalsequation"asfollows:(b)Whenrealgases Typo

currentlyreads,"theidealgasapproximationbreaksdownandissignificantlydifferentfromthepressurecalculatedbythevanderWaalsequation,"butitshouldread,"theidealgasapproximationbreaksdownandissignificantlydifferentfromthepressurecalculatedbytheidealgasequation..."

areatlowpressuresandhightemperatures...theidealgasapproximationbreaksdownandissignificantlydifferentfromthepressurecalculatedbytheidealgasequation.

Chapter9.1:Gases,Section:GasPressureChemistrytext:1)P464fig9.5-diagramonrighthasincorrectdepictionof"h"submittedviaZenDesk

InFigure9.5onmanometers,revisethelabelofhontherightmostmanometertoappearabovetheblackline. Minor

Chapter9.2:Gases,Section:RelatingPressure,Volume,Amount,andTemperature:TheIdealGasLawChapter9Figure5hasthewrongunitsontheverticalaxis.Theyshouldbepsi^-1,notpsi

RevisethegraphinFigure9.13tohaveunitsofpsi^-1. Minor

Chapter9.2:Gases,Section:RelatingPressure,Volume,Amount,andTemperature:TheIdealGasLawChapter9Figure6,graphonright,axesareincorrectlylabeled.Thisisagraphof1/Pvs.V,notVolumevs.Pressure.Butthereisprobablyasimplersolution.ThegraphsinthisfigureareaduplicationofthoseinFigure5,andtheFigure5graphsaremuchnicer.ThetextcansimplyrefertoFigure5.

Revisepart(b)ofFigure9.14showingtherelationshipbetweenpressureandvolumetoshowthegraphof1/Pvs.V. Major

Chapter9.2:Gases;Section9.2:RelatingPressure,Volume,Amount,andTemperature:TheIdealGasLaw;Subsection:VolumeandPressure:Boyle'sLawInExample9.8,thephrase,

Revisethephrase"UsingP1andV1astheknownvalues0.933atmand2.40mL"to"UsingP1andV1astheknownvalues13.0psiand15.0mL"inthesolutiontoExample9.8VolumeofaGasSample,asfollows:(c)FromBoyle'slaw...UsingP1andV1astheknownvalues13.0psiand15.0mL,P2asthepressureatwhichthevolumeis Typo

"UsingP_1andV_1astheknownvalues0.933atmand2.40mL,P_2asthevolumeatwhichthepressureisunknownandV_2astheunknownvolume,"shouldread,"UsingP_1andV_1astheknownvalues13.0psiand15.0mL,V_2asthevolumeatwhichthepressureisunknownandP_2astheunknownpressure..."

unknown,andV2astheunknownvolume,wehave...

Chapter9.2:Gases;Section9.2:RelatingPressure,Volume,Amount,andTemperature:TheIdealGasLaw;Subsection:VolumeandPressure:Boyle'sLawInFigure9.14,thegraphofPvs.Visaparabola,butthegraphofPvs.Vshouldbeahyperbola.

Revise"parabola"to"hyperbola"inthefigurecaptionforFigure9.14ontherelationshipbetweenpressureandvolume. Typo

Chapter9.2:Gases;Section9.2:RelatingPressure,Volume,Amount,andTemperature:TheIdealGasLaw;Subsection:VolumeandTemperature:Charles'sLawThephrase,"andasseenwiththeV-Trelationship,thisleadstoanotherformofCharles’slaw,"shouldbe,"andasseenwiththeP-Trelationship,thisleadstoanotherformofCharles’slaw."

Revise"V-Trelationship"to"P-Trelationship"intheparagraphbeforeExample9.6PredictingChangeinVolumewithTemperatureasfollows:Foraconfined,constantpressuregassample,V/Tisconstant(i.e.,theratio=k),andasseenwiththeP-Trelationship,thisleadstoanotherformofCharles’slaw:V1/T1=V2/T2. Typo

Chapter9.3:GasesSection:StoichiometryofGaseousSubstances,Mixtures,andReactionsThereareseveralerrorsintheStudentsolutionsforChapter9oftheChemistrytextbook.Thesearesomebasicproblemsthatstudentsare

Revisethesolutionstoexercises37,57,and79inthesolutionmanual. Major

usingastheirgotopractice.Itisimportantthattheyarecorrectedquickly.Theerrorsareinproblems#37,#57,#79.AdditionallytheanswertoCheckyourLearningExample9.16isincorrectintheonlineversion,butcorrectinthepaperversion.Hastheon-lineversionnotbeenupdated?Thanksmuch.Chapter9.3:Gases,Section:StoichiometryofGaseousSubstances,Mixtures,andReactions,Example9.11"g/L"isnotdensity"rho"m/V(massovervolume)isrhoPleasedonotuseunitsinamathematicalexpressionasthoughtheywerevariables.

ReviseExample9.11DerivationofaDensityFormulafromtheIdealGasLawasfollows:InStep4ofthesolution,change“g/L”to“m/V". Minor

Chapter9.3:Gases;Section9.3:StoichiometryofGaseousSubstances,Mixtures,andReactions;Subsection:Avogadro'sLawRevisited;HowSciencesInterconnectfeatureCH_3asgreenhousegasshouldbeCH_4.

Revisethefigureinfeature"HowSciencesInterconnect:GreenhouseGasesandClimateChange"asfollows:CorrectCH_3toCH_4.AddO_3. Typo

Chapter9.3:Gases;Section9.3:StoichiometryofGaseousSubstances,Mixtures,andReactions;Subsection:CollectionofGasesoverWaterTheanswertotheCheckYourLearningforExample9.16shouldbe0.583Lsincethequestionasksforvolume.

RevisetheanswertotheCheckYourLearningforExample9.11DerivationofaDensityFormulafromtheIdealGasLawfrom"734torr"to"0.583L"asfollows: Typo

Chapter9.3:Gases;Section9.3:StoichiometryofGaseousSubstances,Mixtures,andReactions;Subsection:ThePressureof

Addthemissing"were"intothefirstparagraphofsubsectionThePressureofaMixtureofGases:Dalton’sLaw,asfollows:Eachindividualgasinamixtureexertsthesamepressurethatitwouldexertifitwerepresentaloneinthecontainer Typo

aMixtureofGases:Dalton'sLawThephrase,"exertsthesamepressurethatitwouldexertifitpresentaloneinthecontainer,"shouldread,"exertsthesamepressurethatitwouldexertifitwerepresentaloneinthecontainer."

(Figure9.20).

Chapter9.3:Gases;Section9.3:StoichiometryofGaseousSubstances,Mixtures,andReactions;Subsection:ThePressureofaMixtureofGases:Dalton'sLawThephrase,"totalnumberofmolesofallcomponents):"hasanunnecessarybracket.

Deletetheunnecessarybracketattheendofthephrase"totalnumberofmolesofallcomponents:". Typo

Chapter9.4:GasesSection:EffusionandDiffusionofGasesInthefirstequation,fortherateofdiffusion,revise“rateofdiffusio=“to“rateofdiffusion=“ Fixed TypoChapter9.4:GasesSection:EffusionandDiffusionofGasesInthesecondequation,fortherateofeffusion,revise“rateofeffusio“to“rateofeffusion“

Typo

Chapter9.4:Gases;Section9.4:EffusionandDiffusionofGasesTheequationinExample9.22shouldread,"rateofeffusionofunknown"over"rateofeffusionofCO_2."

Revise"O2"to"CO2"intheequationinExample9.22asfollows:rateofeffusionofunknown/rateofeffusionofCO2 Typo

Chapter9.4:Gases;Section9.4:EffusionandDiffusionofGasesTheequationthatappearsbeforeFigure9.29shouldread"rateofeffusionofB"over"rateofeffusionofA."

RevisetheequationbeforeFigure9.29sothat"A"and"B"aren'tcutoff,asfollows:rateofeffusionofB/rateofeffusionofA Typo

Chapter9.5:Gases,Section:TheKinetic-MolecularTheory,Subsection:MolecularVelocitiesandKineticEnergytheappropriateformofthegasconstantis8.314J/K(8.314kgm2s–2K–1)ismissinga"permole"inthedefinitionofRandshouldbeinstead:theappropriateformofthegasconstantis8.314J/mol-K(8.314kgm2s–2mol-1K–1)

RevisethelastparagraphofsubsectionMolecularVelocitiesandKineticEnergyasfollows:"...Whenusedinthisequation,theappropriateformofthegasconstantis8.314J/molxK(8.314kgm^2s^-2mol^-1K^-1)." Typo

Chapter9.5:Gases;Section9.5:TheKinetic-MolecularTheory;Subsection:TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryExplainstheBehaviorofGases,Part1PartofthecaptionforFigure9.31currentlyreads,"(b)Whenvolumedecreases,gaspressureincreasesduetoreducedfrequencyofmolecularcollisions."However,itshouldread,"(b)Whenvolumedecreases,gaspressureincreasesduetoincreasedfrequencyofmolecularcollisions."

Revise"reduced"to"increased"inpart(b)ofthecaptionofthefigurebeforesubsectionMolecularVelocitiesandKineticEnergy,Figure9.31,asfollows:(b)Whenvolumedecreases,gaspressureincreasesduetoincreasedfrequencyofmolecularcollisions. Typo

Chapter9.5:Gases;Section9.5:TheKinetic-MolecularTheory;Subsection:TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryExplainstheBehaviorofGases,Part1PartofthecaptionforFigure9.31currentlyreads,"(c)Whentheamountofgasincreasesataconstantpressure,volumeincreasestoyieldaconstantnumberofcollisionsperunitwallarea."However,itshouldread,"(c)Whentheamountofgasincreasesataconstantpressure,volumeincreases

Addthephrase"perunittime"topart(c)ofthecaptionofthefigurebeforesubsectionMolecularVelocitiesandKineticEnergy,Figure9.31,asfollows:(c)Whentheamountofgasincreasesataconstantpressure,volumeincreasestoyieldaconstantnumberofcollisionsperunitwallareaperunittime. Typo

toyieldaconstantnumberofcollisionsperunitwallareaperunittime."Chapter9.5:Gases;Section9.5:TheKinetic-MolecularTheory;Subsection:TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryExplainstheBehaviorofGases,Part1TheexplanationofCharles'slawsays,"Ifthetemperatureofagasisincreased,aconstantpressurecanbemaintainedonlyifthevolumeoccupiedbythegasincreases.Thiswillresultingreateraveragedistancestraveledbythemoleculestoreachthecontainerwalls,aswellasincreasedwallsurfacearea.Theseconditionswilldecreaseboththefrequencyofmolecule-wallcollisionsandthenumberofcollisionsperunitarea,thecombinedeffectsofwhichoutweighthoseofincreasedcollisionforcesduetothegreaterkineticenergyatthehighertemperature.Thenetresultisadecreaseingaspressure."Thisisaconfusedexplanationwith“constantpressure”and“decreaseingaspressure."Suggestsomethinglike:"Ifthetemperatureofagasisincreased,aconstantpressurecanbemaintainedonlyifthevolumeoccupiedbythegasincreases.Thiswillresultingreateraveragedistancestraveledbythemoleculestoreachthecontainerwalls,aswellasincreasedwallsurfacearea.Theseconditionswill

RevisethedescriptionofCharles'slawasfollows:Charles’slaw.Ifthetemperatureofagasisincreased...Theseconditionswilldecreasetheboththefrequencyofmolecule-wallcollisionsandthenumberofcollisionsperunitarea,thecombinedeffectsofwhichbalancetheeffectofincreasedcollisionforcesduetothegreaterkineticenergyatthehighertemperature.(Previous:Charles’slaw.Ifthetemperatureofagasisincreased...Theseconditionswilldecreasetheboththefrequencyofmolecule-wallcollisionsandthenumberofcollisionsperunitarea,thecombinedeffectsofwhichoutweighthoseofincreasedcollisionforcesduetothegreaterkineticenergyatthehighertemperature.Thenetresultisadecreaseingaspressure.) Typo

decreaseboththefrequencyofmolecule-wallcollisionsandthenumberofcollisionsperunitarea,thecombinedeffectsofwhichwillbalancethoseofincreasedcollisionforcesduetothegreaterkineticenergyatthehighertemperature.Thenetresultisaconstantgaspressure."Chapter9.5:Gases;Section9.5:TheKinetic-MolecularTheory;Subsection:TheKinetic-MolecularTheoryExplainstheBehaviorofGases,Part1Thephrase,"willdecreasetheboththefrequency,"shouldread,"willdecreaseboththefrequency." Fixed. TypoChapter9.6:Gases;Section9.6:Non-IdealGasBehavior;SummaryInthesummaryforSection9.6:Non-IdealGasBehavior,thephrase,"non-idealbehaviorofgasesunderconditions,"shouldread,"non-idealbehaviorofgasesundertheseconditions."

Addthemissingword"these"inthelastsentenceofthesummaryforSection9.6Non-IdealGasBehaviorasfollows:ThevanderWaalsequationisamodifiedversionoftheidealgaslawthatcanbeusedtoaccountforthenon-idealbehaviorofgasesundertheseconditions. Typo

Chapter10:LiquidsandSolids,EndofChapterExercises,29Thelastexercisequestioninchapter10.2asks"Waterrisesinaglasscapillarytubetoaheightof17cm.Whatisthediameterofthecapillarytube?".Thesolutionis9.5x10^-5m.Ifmycalculationsarecorrect,thatistheradiusnotthediameterlength.

Revisethesolutiontoexercise29asfollows:29.Waterrisesinaglasscapillarytubetoaheightof17cm...Solution1.9x10^-4m Typo

Chapter10:LiquidsandSolids;AnswerKey;Question19Partoftheanswertoquestion19inchapter10

Revise"DNAstrands"to"proteinstrand"intheanswertoquestion19. Typo

reads,"H-bondingistheprincipleintermolecularforceholdingtheDNAstrandstogether,"butitshouldread,"H-bondingistheprincipleintermolecularforceholdingtheproteinstrandinthisshape."Chapter10:LiquidsandSolids;AnswerKey;Question63Thesolutiontoquestion63parts(a)and(d)inchapter10referencewater,butitshouldbecarbon.

Revise"water"to"carbon"inthephasediagramsolutionstoquestion63. Typo

Chapter10:LiquidsandSolids;EndofChapterExercises;Question63Question63ofchapter10statesthatcarbonhas,"threedifferentsolidphases,"butthediagramonlyshows2.

Revise"three"to"two"inquestion63asfollows:63.Elementalcarbonhasonegasphase,oneliquidphase,andtwodifferentsolidphases... Typo

Chapter10.1:LiquidsandSolids;Section10.1:AnswerKey;Question7Partoftheanswertoquestion7part(c)ofchapter10reads,"Hydrogenbondsformwheneverahydrogenatomisbondedtooneofthemoreelectronegativeatoms,suchasafluorine,oxygen,nitrogen,orchlorineatom,"butitshouldread,"Hydrogenbondsformwheneverahydrogenatomisbondedtooneofthemoreelectronegativeatoms,suchasafluorine,oxygenornitrogenatom."

Remove"chlorine"fromtheanswertopart(c)ofquestion7. Typo

Chapter10.3:LiquidsandSolids;Section10.3:PhaseTransitions;Subsection:MeltingandFreezingThephrase,"thereciprocalprocessofmeltingand

Revise"process"to"processes"inthesecondparagraphofsubsectionMeltingandFreezingasfollows:Inamixtureofsolidandliquidatequilibrium,thereciprocalprocessesofmeltingandfreezingoccuratequalrates,... Typo

freezingoccuratequalrates,"shouldread,"thereciprocalprocessesofmeltingandfreezingoccuratequalrates."Chapter10.3:LiquidsandSolids;Section10.3:PhaseTransitions;Subsection:VaporizationandCondensation;Example10.5IntheCheckYourLearningtoExample10.5,thequestionusesavaporpressureof20degrees,butthetablesays25degrees.

RevisethetableintheCheckYourLearningofExample10.5ExplainingVaporPressureinTermsofIMFstoread"VaporPressureat20degreesC"insteadof"25degreesC". Typo

Chapter10.5:LiquidsandSolids;Section10.5:TheSolidStateofMatterThelearningobjective,"Defineanddescribethebondingandpropertiesofionicandmolecular,metallicandcovalentnetworkcrystallinesolids"shouldread,"Defineanddescribethebondingandpropertiesofionic,molecular,metallicandcovalentnetworkcrystallinesolids."

AddcommastothefirstlearningobjectiveforsectionTheSolidStateofMatterasfollows:Defineanddescribethebondingandpropertiesofionic,molecular,metallic,andcovalentnetworkcrystallinesolids. Typo

Chapter10.6:LiquidsandSolids,Section:LatticeStructuresinCrystallineSolids,Figure10.59Figure10.59showsanioniccrystalandthetextexplainsthataCsClcrystalcanbedescribedasasimpleunitcell….butthereisalabelinthefigurethatsays‘Body-centeredsimplecubicstructure’.ThisisVERYconfusing.

RevisethelabelforFigure10.59to"Simplecubicstructure". Minor

Chapter10.6:LiquidsandSolids;Section10.6:LatticeStructuresinCrystallineSolids;Subsection:UnitCellsofIonicCompoundsIn

ReviseFigure10.60toshowFace-CenteredCubicstructure,notBody-CenteredCubicstructure. Typo

Figures10.59and10.60,arethediagramsforthestructuresofCsClandNaClcorrect?Thelabelsappeartobewrong.Chapter11:SolutionsandColloids,EndofChapterExercises,33ChangeanswertoCh.1133.(b)molefractionNH4NO3=0.0925,molefractionH2O=0.907

Revisethesolutiontopartbofexercise33asfollows:Solution(b)XNH4NO3=0.9928 Typo

Chapter11.1:SolutionsandColloids,Section:TheDissolutionProcessInsteadof“Asforthemixtureofsugarandwater…”Ithinkitwouldbebettertosay“Aswiththemixtureofsugarandwater…”

Revisethefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphasfollows:"Aswiththemixtureofsugarandwater,thismixtureisalsoanaqueoussolution." Minor

Chapter11.1:SolutionsandColloids;Section11.1:TheDissolutionProcessInthesecondchemicalequationinsection11.1,theCr_2O_7shouldhaveachargeof2-.

Revisethesecondchemicalequationinsection11.1TheDissolutionProcesstohaveachargeof2-forCr2O7,asfollows:K2Cr2O7(s)-->2K+(aq)plusCr2O72-(aq) Typo

Chapter11.1:SolutionsandColloids;Section11.1:TheDissolutionProcessThephrase,"Whenasmallamountofsolidpotassiumchromateisaddedtowater,thecompounddissolvesanddissociatestoyieldpotassiumionsanddichromateions,"shouldread,"Whenasmallamountofsolidpotassiumdichromateisaddedtowater,thecompounddissolvesanddissociatestoyieldpotassiumionsanddichromateions..."

Revise"potassiumchromate"to"potassiumdichromate"inthethirdparagraphofSection11.1TheDissolutionProcessasfollows:Whenasmallamountofsolidpotassiumdichromateisaddedtowater,... Typo

Chapter11.4:SolutionsandColloids,Section:ColligativeProperties,Example11.2Example11.2.Thetexttakes

Revisepart(a)ofthesolutionforExample11.2CalculatingMoleFractionandMolalityasfollows:Solution(a)Themolefraction...molH2O=2000g×(1molH2O/18.02gH2O)=111molH2O Minor

2000gofH2O,dividesbythemolarmassofH2O(18.02g)andarrivesat11.1moles,whenitshouldbe111moles.ThiserrorpropagatestothecalculationofthemolefractionofH2Ointhesolution.Bytheway...Iloveyouguysforfightingtheshamelesstextbookcartel.Thankyouthankyouthankyou!

Xethyleneglycol=[35.8molC2H4(OH)2]/[(35.8+111)moltotal]=0.245

Chapter11.4:SolutionsandColloids,Section:ColligativeProperties,Subsection:ColligativePropertiesofElectrolytesPage640,Firstsentence.Shouldsay“…solutionofNaClcontains2.0molesofions…”

RevisethefirstsentenceafterExample11.11asfollows:"Assumingcompletedissociation,a1.0maqueoussolutionofNaClcontains2.0moleofions(1.0molNa+and1.0molCl-)pereachkilogramofwater..." Critical

Chapter11.4:SolutionsandColloids,Section:ColligativeProperties,Subsection:PhaseDiagramforanAqueousSolutionofaNonelectrolytePage633,line5:?Tbshouldbereplacedwith?Tf.

Inthelastparagraph,revise"DeltaT_b"to"DeltaT_f". Major

Chapter11.5:SolutionsandColloids;Section11.5:Colloids;Subsection:PreparationofColloidalSystemsInthechemicalequationthatfollowstable11.4,thestateof3Cl^-shouldbe(s).

RevisethefirstchemicalequationinsubsectionPreparationofColloidalSystemsasfollows:Fe3+(aq)+3Cl-(aq)+6H2O(l)-->Fe(OH)3(s)+H3O+(aq)+3Cl-(aq)Previous:Fe3+(s)+3Cl-(g)+6H2O(l)-->Fe(OH)3(aq)+H3O+(aq)+3Cl-(aq) Typo

Chapter12:Kinetics,AnswerKeyChapter12Problem#55.Theanswerintheappendix(Page1339ofthepdffile)hastheterms-Ea/Rand1/Tmixedup.Theanswershouldread"...aplotof1/Tgivesastraightlinewiththeslope-Ea/R"Theansweriscorrectinthe

Revisetheanswerto53asfollows:53.Afterfindingkatseveraldifferenttemperatures,aplotof1/Tgivesastraightlinewiththeslope-Ea/R,... Minor

separateStudentSolutionsManual.Chapter12:Kinetics,AnswerKeyMystudentshavefoundsixtyposintheChapter12end-of-chapterproblemsandinthesolutionsmanual.Eachtypoisdetailedonitsownpageintheattacheddocument.

Revisetheanswerstoquestions5,43,and81asfollows:5.b.0.0250molL^-1s^-143.1.0x10^7Lmol^-1min^-181.a.b Typo

Chapter12:Kinetics,AnswerKeyPage1337AnswerKeytoproblem33(fromChapter12)Thegraphislabeledas[SO2Cl2](M)(yaxis)versustime(s)(xaxis).Thelabelsareinthecorrectplacebutthenumbersontheyaxisbelongonthexaxisandthenumbersonthexaxisbelongontheyaxis.Ialsosuggestgettingbetterdatabecausethisshouldbeastraightlinebutitlookscurvedtome.

Revisethegraphinthesolutionforexercise33toshowastraightline.Switchthevaluesonthex-andy-axes. Critical

Chapter12:Kinetics,EndofChapterExercises,23TheanswertoCh.12,#23hasthewrongunitsoftimefork.Theanswershouldbek=8.0x10-8L/mol.h

Inthesolutiontoexercise23,revise"L/mol/s"to"L/mol/h". Typo

Chapter12.1:Kinetics,Section:ChemicalReactionRates,Figure12.5Theequationinfigure12.5isnotbalancedcorrectly.Itshouldbe2NH3?N2+3H2

RevisetheequationinthecaptionforFigure12.5to"2NH3-->N2+3H2". Critical

Chapter12.3:Kinetics,Section:RateLawsInthesentence“InExample12.4,asecondorderreaction,wefoundtheunitsforktobeLmole-4s-1…”TheunitsarewrongtheyshouldbeL.mol-1.s-1

IntheparagraphaboveTable12.1,revisetheunitsforkto"Lmol^-1s^-1". Major

Chapter12.5:Kinetics, RevisethelastsentenceofthecaptionforFigure Typo

Section:CollisionTheoryThelastsentenceinthedescriptionofFigure12.16:Shouldsay“Thecurve’speakrepresentsthetransitionstate”

12.16asfollows:"Thecurve’speakrepresentsthetransitionstate."

Chapter12.6:Kinetics,Section:ReactionMechanismsFigure12.19saysthatitshowsthe“probablemechanism”forthedissociationoftwoHImoleculesintohydrogenandiodinemolecules.Thereverseofthisreactionwasextensivelystudiedinthe1960’sbySullivan(seeJournalofChemicalPhysics47,1967,pp73-78),whoshowedconclusivelythatthe“four-center”mechanismdepictedinFigure12.19waswrong.Thisfactisspecificallymentionedinsomegeneralchemistrytexts,suchasChang’s“Chemistry,”aswellasinsomephysicalchemistrytextsandmoreadvancedtexts,forexample“ChemicalKinetics”byPillingandSeakinsor“ChemicalKineticsandDynamics”bySteinfeld,Francisco,andHase.

RevisethelastparagraphofSectionReactionMechanismsasfollows:"Somechemicalreactionshavemechanismsthatconsistofasinglebimolecularelementaryreaction.Oneexampleisthereactionofnitrogendioxidewithcarbonmonoxide:NO2(g)+CO(g)-->NO(g)+CO2(g)Figure12.19Caption:TheprobablemechanismforthereactionbetweenNO2andCOtoyieldNOandCO2.Bimolecularelementaryreactionsmayalsobeinvolvedasstepsinamultistepreactionmechanism... Major

Chapter13:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,EndofChapterExercises,25Ch.13,Problem25(b)shouldhavephasesforthereactantsandproducts.Allphasesshouldbegas(g).

Reviseexercise25partbasfollows:25.ConvertthevaluesofKctovaluesofKPorthevaluesofKPtovaluesofKc.(b)H2(g)+I2(g)<-->2HI(g) Major

Chapter13:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,EndofChapterExercises,79AnswertoCh.1379)shouldbe[PCl3]=[Cl2]=0.195M,

Inthesolutiontoexercise79,revise"[PCl3]"to"[PCl5]". Typo

[PCl5]=1.81M

Chapter13:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,EndofChapterExercises,87CorrectanswertoCh.13#87is33gCaCO3 Revisethesolutiontoexercise87to33g. TypoChapter13.2:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,Section:EquilibriumCalculations,Example13.6imagetableinsectionCalculationofanEquilibriumConstanthasextraneoustext.Shouldbejustnumbers,not[.....]i.Oneneverputsnumbersintoan"initialconcentration"bracket.

InExample13.6CalculationofanEquilibriumConstant,revisethefirstICEtabletoshow"1.000x10^-3-x"forEquilibriumconcentration(M). Typo

Chapter13.2:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,Section:EquilibriumConstants,Figure13.7Figure13.7,rightside"Atequilibrium"imageformixture3isstillincorrect,inboththe2015and2016printingsofthetextbook.Usingthevaluesinthelatestprintinggiveanequilibriumconstantthatistheinverseofwhatitshouldactuallybe.

Revisemixture3intherightsideofFigure13.7toshowthecorrectequilibriumconstant. Major

Chapter13.4:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,Section:EquilibriumCalculations,EndofChapterExercisesChapter13.4Exercise#93hasatypointheformulaforKc.Itshouldread:(PH2)^2.I.e.thepartialpressureofH2shouldbesquared,notcubed.Therestoftheequationisfine.

Revisetheexponentinthedenominatoroftheequationinexercise93from"3"to"2". Typo

Chapter13.4:FundamentalEquilibriumConcepts,Section:EquilibriumCalculations,Subsection: BelowtheKcexpression,revise“x2”to"x^2". Minor

CalculationofChangesinConcentrationBelowtheKcexpression.Inthe“x2”term,the"2"shouldbeinsuperscriptsincethistermis"xsquared".Chapter14:Acid-BaseEquilibria,AppendixHAppendixH–someKavaluesdonotmatchvaluesusedwithinChapter14.KaforHCO3-shouldbe4.7x10^-11insteadof5.6x10^-11

RevisetheKavaluegiveninAppendixHforHCO3-to4.7x10^-11.UpdateexamplesinCh.14tomatch. Typo

Chapter14:Acid-BaseEquilibria,EndofChapterExercises,37Ch.14,Problem#37.Thesecondconjugateacidshouldhavetheformula(CH3)2NH3+,NOT(CH3)2NH.

Reviseexercise37asfollows:37.Whichbase,CH3NH2or(CH3)2NH,isthestrongestbase?Whichconjugateacid,(CH3)2NH2+or(CH3)2NH3+,isthestrongestacid? Typo

Chapter14:Acid-BaseEquilibria;AnswerKey;Question81Theanswertoquestion81inchapter14doesnotmakesense.

Revisetheanswertoquestion81asfollows:81.[H3O+]and[HCO3?]arepracticallyequal Typo

Chapter14:Acid-BaseEquilibria;EndofChapterExercises;Question33Thechemicalequationthatisthesolutiontoquestion33inchapter14isnotbalanced.

Adda"2"infrontofHClintheequationforquestion33asfollows:33.Mg(OH)2(s)+2HCl(aq)-->Mg2+(aq)+2Cl-(aq)+2H2O(l) Typo

Chapter14:Acid-BaseEquilibria;EndofChapterExercises;Question37InChapter14,question37,"strongestacid"shouldbe"strongeracid." Revise"strongest"to"stronger"inquestion37. TypoChapter14.1:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:Brønsted-LowryAcidsandBasesInyourpassageaboutthedevelopmentofacid-basetheoriesCarlAxelArrheniusisnamedasthepersonbehindtheArrheniusmodel

Inthefirstparagraph,revise"CarlAxelArrhenius"to"SvanteArrhenius". Major

in1884.ActuallyitwasSvanteArrhenius.Asonlineresearchshows,CarlAxelArrheniuswasanarmyofficer,whodiedin1824.Yoursincerely,GerdBergerChapter14.1:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.1:Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesThephrase,"addingammoniatowateryieldshydroxideionsandammoniumions"shouldbe"addingabasetowateryieldshydroxideionsandacorrespondingcation."Notethattheexamplegivendoesnotmatchthetextdescription.

Revisethetextasfollows:"Addingpyridinetowateryieldshydroxideionsandpyridiniumions."(Previous:Addingammoniatowateryieldshydroxideionsandammoniumions.) Typo

Chapter14.1:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.1:Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBases;Example14.1InExample14.1,removethe+signafterthesuperscript2.(Therearetwoinstancesofthis.)

Removethe+signafterthesuperscript2inthefirstequationinExample14.1IonConcentrationsinPureWaterasfollows:Kw=[H3O+][OH-]=[H3O+]2=[OH-]2=1.0x10-14 Typo

Chapter14.1:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.1:Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBases;SummaryThelastequationinthesummaryofsection14.1hasatypo.H_2OshouldbeH_3O.

Revisethelastequationnthesummaryofsection14.1from"H2O"to"H3O"asfollows:Kw=[H3O+][OH?]=1.0×10^-14at25degreesC Typo

Chapter14.3:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:RelativeStrengthsofAcidsandBasesp802-ReactionmissingaspeciesandICEtablehasthecolumnsplacedincorrectly

ReviseExample14.11DeterminationofKaorKbfrompHasfollows:DeletethefirstICEtableintheSolution.ReviseExample14.12EquilibriumConcentrationsinaSolutionofaWeakAcidasfollows:CorrectthealignmentofthecolumnsinthefirstICEtableintheSolution. Minor

Chapter14.3:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:RelativeStrengthsofAcidsandBases,Subsection:EffectofMolecularStructureonAcid-BaseStrengthFigure14.13–

Inthefirstparagraph,revise"group7A"to"group17"and"group6A"to"group16". Major

Thegroupnumbersinthefiguredonotmatchthegroupnumbersintheprecedingtext.Onemethodofnumberinggroupsintheperiodictableshouldbeusedthroughouttheentiretextbook.Chapter14.3:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.3:RelativeStrengthsofAcidsandBasesInthephrase,"bymeasuringtheirequlibriumconstants,"equilibriumismisspelled.

Correctthespellingof"equlibrium"to"equilibrium". Typo

Chapter14.3:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.3:RelativeStrengthsofAcidsandBases;Subsection:TheIonizationofWeakAcidsandWeakBasesInthecaptiontoFigure14.9,thephrase,"ishasapHof3,"shouldbe,"hasapHof3."

Deletetheword"is"inthecaptionforFigure14.9pHpaperasfollows:...solutionofCH3CO2H(beakeronright)hasapHof3... Typo

Chapter14.4:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:HydrolysisofSaltSolutions,Section:SaltsofWeakAcidsandStrongBasesThesecondsentenceofthesecondparagraphstates“Thesodiumion,astheconjugateacidofastrongbase,hasnoteffectontheacidityofthesolution.”Na+isnottheconjugateacidofNaOH.WateristheconjugateacidofNaOH,andNa+issimplyaspectatorionthatdoesnotformanacidichydratedspecieslikeothermetalcations.

Revisethesecondparagraphasfollows:"Asolutionofthissaltcontainssodiumionsandacetateions.Thesodiumionhasnoeffectontheacidityofthesolution.However,theacetateion,theconjugatebaseofaceticacid,reactswithwaterandincreasestheconcentrationofhydroxideion:" Critical

Chapter14.4:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:HydrolysisofSaltSolutions,Subsection:Equilibriumina

Revisetheanswertopart(c)ofExample14.17"DeterminingtheAcidicorBasicNatureofSalts"CheckYourLearningto“acidic.” Major

SolutionofaSaltofaWeakAcidandaWeakBaseRevisetheanswertoletter(c)ofCheckYourLearninginExample14.17to“acidic.”Chapter14.4:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:HydrolysisofSaltSolutions,Subsection:EquilibriuminaSolutionofaSaltofaWeakAcidandaWeakBaseThereisanerrorinthereasoningandcalculationusedtodetermineananswertoExample14.17(d)onp.814.(d)TheNa+ionisaspectator,whiletheHPO42-ionisamphiprotic,withaKaof4.2x10^-13.TheKbofHPO42-canbedeterminedfromtheKaofitsconjugateacid,H2PO4-:Kb=(1.0x10^-14)/(6.2x10^-8)=1.6x10^-7.SinceKb>Ka,theaqueoussolutionwillbebasic.

RevisethesolutiontoExample14.17"DeterminingtheAcidicorBasicNatureofSalts"asfollows:(d)TheNa+cationisaspectator,andwillnotaffectthepHofthesolution,whiletheHPO4^2-anionisamphiprotic.TheKaofHPO4^2-is4.2×10^-13,anditsKbis(1.0×10^-14)/(6.2×10^-8)=1.6×10^-7. Major

Chapter14.4:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:HydrolysisofSaltSolutions,Subsection:EquilibriuminaSolutionofaSaltofaWeakAcidandaWeakBaseThereisanerrorinthereasoningandcalculationusedtodeterminetheanswertoExample14.17(b)onp.814.(b)TheNa+cationisaspectator;andwillnotaffectthepHofthesolution;whiletheHCO3–anionisamphiprotic,itcouldeitherbehaveasanacidorabase.TheKaofHCO3–is4.7x10^-11;theKbofHCO3–canbedeterminedfromtheKaofitsconjugateacid,H2CO3:Kb=(1.0x10^-14)/(4.3x

RevisethesolutiontoExample14.17"DeterminingtheAcidicorBasicNatureofSalts"asfollows:(b)TheNa+cationisaspectator,andwillnotaffectthepHofthesolution;whiletheHCO3-anionisamphiprotic.TheKaofHCO3-is4.7×10^-11,anditsKbis(1.0×10^-14)/(4.3×10^-7)=2.3×10^-8. Major

10^-7)=2.3x10^-8.SinceKb>Ka,theaqueoussolutionwillbebasic.Chapter14.4:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.4:HydrolysisofSaltSolutions;Subsection:TheIonizationofHydratedMetalIonsThesentence,"Notethatsomeofthesealuminumspeciesareexhibitingamphiproticbehavior,sincetheyareactingasacidswhentheyappearontherightsideoftheequilibriumexpressionsandasbaseswhentheyappearontheleftside,"shouldread,"Notethatsomeofthesealuminumspeciesareexhibitingamphiproticbehavior,sincetheyareactingasacidswhentheyappearontheleftsideoftheequilibriumexpressionsandasbaseswhentheyappearontherightside."

Switch"right"and"left"inthefourthparagraphofSubsectionTheIonizationofHydratedMetalIonsasfollows:Notethatsomeofthesealuminumspeciesareexhibitingamphiproticbehavior,sincetheyareactingasacidswhentheyappearontheleftsideoftheequilibriumexpressionsandasbaseswhentheyappearontherightside. Typo

Chapter14.5:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:PolyproticAcidsp823-ICEtablecolumnsnotaligned.submittedviaZenDesk

InExample14.19IonizationofaDiproticAcid,revisethealignmentofthecolumnsinthefirstICEtable. Minor

Chapter14.6:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:Buffers,EndofChapterExercisesTheanswerforChapter14problem107inthebackofthebookisincomplete.Itdoesnotgiveananswerforthe[saccharin]([HA]).Assumingthequestionisconsideringthatthe'buffered'solutiondoesnotchangepH,thentheHenderson-Hasselbachequationgivesananswer:[HA]=6.1x10^-9

Revisetheanswertoexercise107asfollows:107.Saccharin,C7H4NSO3H,isaweakacid(Ka=2.1x10^-2)...Answer:Themolarmassofsodiumsaccharideis205.169g/mol.UsingtheabbreviationsHAforsaccharinandNaAforsodiumsaccharidethenumberofmolesofNaAinthesolutionis:9.75x10^-6molThepKafor[HA]is1.68,so[HA]=6.2x19^-9M.Thus,[A-](saccharinions)is3.90x10^-5M. Minor

Chapter14.7:Acid-BaseEquilibria,Section:Acid-BaseTitrations,EndofChapterExercisesProblem#112ofChapter14(pg.828)doesnotstateaproperquestion.Shoulditreadsomethinglike:"WHYcanweignore...?"

Reviseexercise112asfollows:"WhycanweignorethecontributionofwatertotheconcentrationofOH-inasolutionofthefollowingbases..." Minor

Chapter14.7:Acid-BaseEquilibria;Section14.7:Acid-BaseTitrations;Subsection:TitrationCurveThecaptionforFigure14.21reads,"(a)Thetitrationcurveforthetitrationof25.00mLof0.100MCH_3COOH(weakacid)with0.100MNaOH(strongbase)hasanequivalencepointof7.00pH.(b)Thetitrationcurveforthetitrationof25.00mLof0.100MHCl(strongacid)with0.100MNaOH(strongbase)hasanequivalencepointof8.72pH."However,itshouldread,"(a)Thetitrationcurveforthetitrationof25.00mLof0.100MHCl(strongacid)with0.100MNaOH(strongbase)hasanequivalencepointof7.00pH.(b)Thetitrationcurveforthetitrationof25.00mLof0.100MCH_3COOH(weakacid)with0.100MNaOH(strongbase)hasanequivalencepointof8.72pH."

Reivse"CH3COOH(weakacid)"to"HCl(strongacid)"inpart(a)ofthecaptionforFigure12.21titrationcurves. Typo

Chapter15:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:PrecipitationandDissolutionInsolvingfortheformationofasolid,twoKspvaluesaregivenandtwoMolarconcentrations.Inthe

RevisethesolutiontoExample15.11"PrecipitationofSilverHalides"asfollows:Solution...ForAgI:AgIprecipitateswhenQequalsKspforAgI(1.5×10^-16).When[I-]=0.0010M:Q=[Ag+][I-]=[Ag+](0.0010)=1.5×10^-16[Ag+]=(1.5×10^-16)/(0.0010)=1.5×10^-15M Major

firstcalculationtofindtheconcentrationofSilver,thewrongKspvaluesandconcentrationarepluggedinforAgI,butthecorrectanswerisstillgivenasiftherightnumbershadbeenpluggedin.Chapter15.1:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:PrecipitationandDissolution,EndofChapterExercisesTheanswersforChapter15.129aand29bareincorrectintheSolutionsinthebackofthebook.Thecorrectanswersshouldbe:29a:1.5x10^-4:Ksp=[Tl+][Cl-]=(1.21x10^-2)(1.2x10-2)=1.5x10^-429b:8.2x10^-55:Ksp=[Ce+4][IO3-]^4=(1.8x10^-4)(2.6x10^-13)^4=8.2x10^-55Isupposeitisalsopossiblethatinsteadofincorrectanswers,thelistedconcentrationsareincorrect.Ineithercase,theconcentrationsandtheanswersdon'tmatch.29c-eareallcorrect,however.

Revisetheanswertoexercise29asfollows:29.Thefollowingconcentrationsarefoundinmixturesofionsinequilibriumwithslightlysolublesolids.Fromtheconcentrationsgiven,calculateKspforeachoftheslightlysolublesolidsindicated:(a)TlCl:[Tl+]=1.21x10^-2M,[Cl-]=1.2x10^-2M(b)Ce(IO3)4:[Ce4+]=1.8x10^-4M,[IO3-]=2.6x10^-13M...Answer:(a)1.7x10^-4(b)8.2x10^-55 Minor

Chapter15.1:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:PrecipitationandDissolution,Example15.10ExampleProblem15.10(pg841PDF)hasatypointheKspvalueforMn(OH)2.Thevalueshouldbe2x10^-13(perAppendixJ).

RevisetheKspvalueinthesoultionofExample15.10ConcentrationsFollowingPrecipitationasfollows:"Ksp=2x10^-13" Minor

Chapter15.1:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:PrecipitationandDissolution,Example15.12Theanswertothecheckyourlearningquestioninexample15.12shouldbe4x

RevisetheanswertoCheckYourLearninginExample15.12CommonIonEffectasfollows:CheckYourLearningCalculatethemolarsolubilityofaluminumhydroxide...Answer:4x10^-11 Major

10^-11.

Chapter15.1:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:PrecipitationandDissolution,Example15.5ReviseanswerforCheckYourLearningexercsise15.5tobe:2.08x10^-4.Location:Chapter15:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses;Section15.1:PrecipitationandDissolution;subsection:KspandSolubilityBoththenumericalanswerandthenumberofsignificantfiguresareincorrect.Fortheequilibrium:TlCl(s)-->Tl^+(aq)+Cl^-(aq)wehaveKsp=[Tl^+][Cl^-]Given3.46gTlCldissolvesin1L,itfollowsthat:3.46g/(239.93g/mol)=0.01442molTlCldissolvesin1L,sotherewillbethefollowingconcentrations:[Tl^+]=[Cl^-]=0.01442Mso:Ksp=(0.01442M)(0.01442M)=2.08x10^-4

RevisethesolutiontotheCheckYourLearningquestioninExample15.5DeterminationofKspfromGramSolubilityasfollows:Answer2.08×10^-4 Major

Chapter15.2:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:LewisAcidsandBases,Table15.2Table15.2.Thetitleofthetableshouldbe“…FormationConstant”NOT“…FormulationConstants”

RevisethetitleofTable15.2to"CommonComplexIonsbyDecreasingFormationConstants". Typo

Chapter15.3:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:MultipleEquilibria,EndofChapterExercisesProblem#103oftheChapter15.3Problemsethasanincorrectanswerinthebackofthebook.Usingthevaluesfromtheappendixof:KspCdCO3=5.2x10^-12H2CO3Ka1=4.3x10^-7,Ka2=

Reviseexercise103asfollows:103.CalculatetheconcentrationofCd2+resultingfromthedissolutionofCdCO3inasolutionthatis0.250MinCH3CO2H,0.375MinNaCH3CO2,and0.010MinH2CO3. Minor

5.6x10^-11ThevaluefortheconcentrationofCd2+wouldbe2.3x10^-6M.Thebookliststheansweras3.1x10^-3MChapter15.3:EquilibriaofOtherReactionClasses,Section:MultipleEquilibria,EndofChapterExercisesProblem#107oftheChapter15.3problemsethasanincorrectanswerinthebackofthebook.UsingvaluesfromtheAppendicesof:Mg(OH)2Ksp=8.9x10^-12HCNKa=4.9x10^-10Theanswershouldbe0.047gNaCN.Thebookliststheansweras5.4x10^-3g. Revisetheanswertoexercise107to0.0036g. MinorChapter16:Thermodynamics,EndofChapterExercises,25ForCh.16,Problem#25.Thequestionsshouldsay“…valueslistedinAppendixG,calculate?So298forthefollowingchanges:” Inexercise25,revise"S298"to"DeltaS298". TypoChapter16:Thermodynamics,EndofChapterExercises,35Chapter16#35hasanerrorwiththephasesofP4O10.Inorderforthemtocancelout,thephasesshouldmatch.Forthefreeenergyvalueslisted,thephaseP4P10shouldbesolidinbothinstances.Thatis,thefinalreactionshouldbewritten6H2O(g)+P4O10(s)-->4H3PO4(l)withdeltaG=-428.66kJ/mol.

Revisethethirdequationinexercise35asfollows:35.Given:6H2O(g)+P4O10(s)?4H3PO4(l) Typo

Chapter16:Thermodynamics,EndofChapterExercises,57Ibelievethecorrectanswer

Revisethesolutionforexercise57partato22.1kJ. Typo

toCh.16#57(a)shouldbe22.1kJNOT-22.1kJ.Chapter16:Thermodynamics,EndofChapterExercises,59Ch.16,Problem#59.Shouldbe"77.1kJ/mole".The"J"ismissingin"kJ". Inexercise59,revise"k/mole"to"kJ/mole". TypoChapter16.2:Thermodynamics,Section:EntropyPage907:Thirdsentencebelowfigure16.8:"Theprobabilityoffindingthesysteminthisconfigurationisor6/16or3/8….”Deletethesecond“or”.

InthefirstparagraphafterFigure16.8,deletetheduplicate"or"before"6/16or3/8". Typo

Chapter16.4:Thermodynamics,Section:FreeEnergy,Example16.11RevisetheanswertoCheckYourLearningExample16.11tobe-41.7kJ;yes.Location:Chapter16:Thermodynamics;Section16.4FreeEnergy;Subsection:FreeEnergyandEquilibriumUsingtheequations:2NH3-->3H2+N2and(delta)G=(delta)G(standard)+RTlnQandthegivenvalues:(delta)G(standard)=33.0kJ/molR=8.3144J/(molK)=8.3144x10^-3kJ/(molK)T=875degC+273=1148K[NH3]=[H2]=[N2]=(0.100mol/5.00L)where:Q=([H2]^3[N2])/[NH3]^2wehave:(delta)G=33.0kJ/mol+(8.3144x10^-3kJ/(molK))(1148K)(ln{[(0.100/5.00)^3(0.100/5.00)]/(0.100/5.00)^2}carryingoutthemath:(delta)G=-41.7kJ/molor(delta)G=-41.7kJforthe

RevisetheanswerfortheCheckYourLearningforExample16.11CalculatingDeltaGunderNonstandardConditionsasfollows:AnswerDeltaG=-47kJ/mol;yes Major

reactionaswrittenItriedtodeterminehowthecurrentincorrectanswerinthetextwasobtained,butIcan'tfigureoutwhattheauthorsdidwrongtogettheiranswer.Chapter16.4:Thermodynamics,Section:FreeEnergy,Subsection:FreeEnergyandEquilibriumThetextstates"Conversely,ifQ<K,theprocesswillproceedinthereversedirectionuntilequilibriumisachieved".Itshouldsay"Q>K".

RevisethelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphofsubsectionFreeEnergyandEquilibriumasfollows:..."Conversely,ifQ>K,theprocesswillproceedinthereversedirectionuntilequilibriumisachieved." Typo

Chapter17:Electrochemistry,AnswerKey,Question7Q7andanswersdonotcorrespond

Removeparts(a)oftheanswertoquestion7,andre-lettertheremaininganswersto(a),(b),and(c). Typo

Chapter17:Electrochemistry,EndofChapterExercises,24Ch.17#24(b):Thereactionisnotbalanced.Shouldbe3Cu2+(aq)+2Al(s)?2Al3+(aq)+3Cu(s)

Revisepartbofexercise24asfollows:(b)3Cu2+(aq)+2Al(s)-->2Al3+(aq)+3Cu(s) Minor

Chapter17:Electrochemistry,EndofChapterExercises,28Ch.17problem#28.Br-andBr2areinthesamephase,sotheyshouldbeseparatedbyacomma,notasingleverticalline.

Inexercise28,replacethelinebetweenBr2(aq)andbr-(aq)withacomma. Major

Chapter17:Electrochemistry,EndofChapterExercises,31Ch.17#31(c)Ibelieveshouldsay"bromideisoxidizedtobromine"

Revisepartcofexercise31asfollows:31.Determinethestandardcellpotentialandthecellpotentialunderthestatedconditions...(c)Thecellmadeofahalf-cellinwhich1.0Maqueousbromideisoxidizedto0.11Mbromineionandahalf-cellinwhichaluminumionat0.023Misreducedtoaluminummetal. Major

Chapter17:Electrochemistry;AnswerKey;Question13Inthe

Revise"Ni+"toNi2+"inthesolutiontoquestion13part(a). Typo

solutiontoquestion13inChapter17,thechargeonNishouldbe2+.Chapter17.3:Electrochemistry,Section:StandardReductionPotentials,Table17.2StandardreductionpotentialvaluesinAppendixL,disagreewithsomeofthevaluesinTable17.2.

RevisethefollowingvaluesinTable17.2:Cu2+(aq)+2e--->Cu(s)+0.34AgCl(s)+e--->Ag(s)+Cl-(aq)+0.22233Pb2+(aq)+2e--->Pb(s)-0.1262Sn2+(aq)+2e--->Sn(s)-0.1375 Typo

Chapter17.4:Electrochemistry,Section:TheNernstEquationWhendefiningtheFaradayconstantonthispage“F=….”Theconstantgoesfrom9.648x10^4to9.684x10^4.Ibelievethenumbershouldremainthesame.

IntheequationforFaraday’sconstant,revise"9.684"to"9.648". Minor

Chapter17.4:Electrochemistry,Section:TheNernstEquation,Example17.5InExample17.5.Thesentence“Thetwoequilibriumconstantsdifferslightlyduetoroundingintheconstants0.0257Vand0.0592V.”Ifindtobeconfusing,sinceinthisexampletheequilibriumconstantwasonlycalculatedwiththe0.0592Vconstant.Ithinkitwouldbebesttoremovethissentenceormodifyit.

InExample17.5EquilibriumConstants,StandardCellPotentials,andStandardFreeEnergyChanges,deletethefollowingsentence:"Thetwoequilibriumconstantsdifferslightlyduetoroundingintheconstants0.0257Vand0.0592V." Minor

Chapter17.5:Electrochemistry,Section:BatteriesandFuelCells,Subsection:SecondaryBatteriesThechemicalreactionequationsforlithiumionbatteriesinchapter17arenotbalancedcorrectly(oneLiontheleft,and2x-1ontheright).Thex-

InthediscussionofLithiumionbatteries,revisethesubscript"x-1"to"1-x"inthereactionsgiven. Typo

1subscriptshouldbe1-x.

Chapter17.5:Electrochemistry;Section17.5:BatteriesandFuelCells;Subsection:PrimaryBatteriesInFigure17.10,thetopofthedrycellshouldbepositive.

RevisethechargegivenatthetopofthedrycellinFigure17.10tobepositive. Typo

Chapter17.6:Electrochemistry,Section:Corrosion,Figure17.18Reportingseveralerrorsinthelastfigureinthe"Corrosion"sectionofchapter17.Detailsprovidedbelow,andasampleimageillustratingtherecommendedrevisionsisattached.1.Thefigurehasarrowssuggestingcurrentflowthrougha"leadwire"connectingtheprotecteditemtothesacrificialanode.Readerswill/shouldassumethosearrowsindicateflowofelectrons,inwhichcasethey'repointinginthewrongdirection(shouldbefromsacrificialanodetoprotecteditem).Bestremedywouldbeswapthelocationsoftheprotecteditemandtheanode,thatwaytheconventionaldepictionofanelectrochemicalcell,withanodeonleftandcathodeonright,electronsflowingleft-to-right,ishonored.2.Thearrowsinthesoilgivetheincorrectimpressionthatelectronsareflowingthroughthesoil--thesearrowsshouldberemoved,andperhapsreplacedwithmoreaccuratedepictionsoftheionflowoccuringwithin

ReplaceFigure17.18withanupdatedversionthatshowstheelectronsflowingfromthesacrificialanodetotheobjecttobeprotected. Major

thesoil.3.Wouldbehelpfultoincludetypicalhalf-reactionsateachofthetwoobjects,e.g.,reductionofoxygenattheprotecteditemandoxidationofanodematerialattheanode.4.It'snotclearifthewireconnectingthetwoobjectsislabeledtoindicateitsfunction("lead"aspronounced"leed")oritscomposition(theelementPb).Iftheformer,bettertoreplace"lead"with"connecting",orjustomitthelabelaltogether.Ifthelatter,shouldreplace"lead"with"Pb",thoughI'dargueagainstthisnon-usefuldetailbeingincludedatall.5.Finally,thelabel"nopowersourceisneeded"shouldberemoved.Thisisatruestatementfor"passive"cathodicprotection,butnotfor"active"cathodicprotection.Unlessdetailsareaddedtothetextnarrativetoclarifythesetwodifferentapproaches,it'sbestnottogivethefalseimpressionthatcathodicprotectionneverrequiresanexternalpowersource.Chapter17.6:Electrochemistry;Section17.6:Corrosion.Intheequation,"cathode:O_2(s)+2H^+(aq)+4e^-yields2H_2O(l),"the2H^+shouldbe4H^+.

Revise"2H+(aq)"to"4H+(aq)"intheequationafter"Theelectronsreduceoxygenintheairinacidicsolutions." Typo

Chapter18:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;EndofChapterExercises;Question3Intheanswertoquestion3in

Change"SeSe"to"SrSe"intheanswertoquestion3. Typo

chapter18,changeSeSetoSrSe.Chapter18:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;KeyTermsInthekeytermslistofchapter18,change,"metalatomsofthemetallicelementsofgroups1,2,12,13,14,15and16,whichformioniccompoundsbylosingelectronsfromtheiroutersorporbitals,"to,"metal(representative)metallicelementsofgroups1,2,12,13,14,15and16,whichformioniccompoundsbylosingelectronsfromtheiroutersorporbitals."

Revisethekeytermmetalfrom"metal"to"metal(representative)". Typo

Chapter18.1:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;Section18.1:Periodicity;Subsection:Group12InthecaptiontoFigure18.7,thephrase,"Zincisanactivetransitionmetal,"shouldsay,"Zincisanactivemetal..."

Revise"Zincisanactivetransitionmetal"to"Zincisanactivemetal"inthecaptiontoFigure18.7. Typo

Chapter18.2:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;Section18.2:OccurrenceandPreparationoftheRepresentativeMetals;Subsection:ThePreparationofZincUnderthesubsection,"ThePreparationofZinc,"Co_2shouldbeCO_2.

Revise"Co2"to"CO2"insubsectionThePreparationofZinc. Typo

Chapter18.4:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals,Section:StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheNonmetalsoxidationstatesmissingfromsome

Properlyalignoxidationnumbersbelowequations. Typo

equations

Chapter18.4:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;Section18.4:StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheNonmetalsThephrase,"Therearefourgeneralaspectsoftheoxidation-reductionchemistry,"shouldread,"Therearefivegeneralaspectsoftheoxidation-reductionchemistry..."

Revise"four"to"five"inthephrase"Therearefivegeneralaspectsoftheoxidation-reductionchemistry..." Typo

Chapter18.4:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;Section18.4:StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheNonmetals;Subsection:PhosphorusThephrase,"showninFigure18.24andFigure18.24,"shouldread,"showninFigure18.24."

Revisethephrase"showninFigure18.24andFigure18.24,"to"showninFigure18.24." Typo

Chapter18.4:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;Section18.4:StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheNonmetals;Subsection:SulfurThephrase,"Forexample,membersofgroup15havefivevalenceelements,"shouldread,"Forexample,membersofgroup15havefivevalenceelectrons..."

Revisethephrase"membersofgroup15havefivevalenceelements,"to"membersofgroup15havefivevalenceelectrons"insubsectionSulfur. Typo

Chapter18.4:RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals;Section18.4:StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheNonmetals;Subsection:SulfurThephrase,"sonamedbecauseoftheshapeoritscrystals,"shouldread,"sonamedbecauseofthe

Revise"oritscrystals"to"ofitscrystals"insubsectionSulfur. Typo

shapeofitscrystals..."

Chapter19:TransitionMetalsandCoordinationChemistry;AnswerKey;Question19Intheanswertoquestion19part(c)inchapter19,HrCOshouldbeHCrO.

Revise"HrCO"to"HCrO"intheanswertoquestion19part(c). Typo

Chapter19.1:TransitionMetalsandCoordinationChemistry;Section19.1:Occurrence,Preparation,andPropertiesofTransitionMetalsandTheirCompoundsTheanswertoquestion17part(b)inchapter19ismissingareactionarrow.

Addthemissingreactionarrowtoquestion17part(b). Typo

Chapter19.1:TransitionMetalsandCoordinationChemistry;Section19.1:Occurrence,Preparation,andPropertiesofTransitionMetalsandTheirCompounds;Question21Theanswertoquestion21part(c)inchapter19doesnotcorrespondwiththequestion.

Revisetheanswertoquestion21part(c)asfollows:(c)MnO4-+5Fe2++8H+-->Mn2++5Fe3++4H2O Typo

Chapter19.2:TransitionMetalsandCoordinationChemistry,Section:CoordinationChemistryofTransitionMetalsHi,Icameacrossthisinchapter19section2oftheOpenStaxChemistrytitle:http://cnx.org/contents/havxkyvS@9.311:V5zcdoUo@6/Coordination-Chemistry-of-TranStudentsaretold"Thefourcommonexceptionsareaqua(H2O),amine(NH3),"butatleastsince1971undertheIUPACRedBookrecommendationsNH3has

UpdatethespellingofNH3"amine"to"ammine"throughout. Typo

beenreferredtoas"ammine"soastonotconfuseitwiththefunctionalgroup"amine"usedinorganicchemistry.Isuspectthistobeatypographicalerror.Pleasecorrectthissothatstudentskeeptheseconceptscorrectlyinmindastheytransferbetweenclassesorschools.Chapter20:OrganicChemistry;EndofChapterExercises;Question25Intheanswertoquestion25part(a)inchapter20,thedoublebondshouldbeatriplebond.

Revisethedoublebondtoatriplebondintheanswertoquestion25part(a). Typo

Chapter20:OrganicChemistry;keytermsAdd"additionreaction"tothelistofkeytermsforchapter20.Isuggestthedefinition,"reactioninwhichadoublecarbon-carbonbondformsasinglecarbon-carbonbondbytheadditionofareactant.Typicalreactionforanalkene."

AddthekeytermadditionreactiontoChapter20. Typo

Chapter20.1:OrganicChemistry;Section20.1:Hydrocarbons;Subsection:TheBasicsofOrganicNomenclature:NamingAlkanes;Example20.5TheanswertotheCheckYourLearningforExample20.5reads,"reactant:trans-3-hexene,product:3,4-dichlorohexane"shouldbe,"reactant:3-hexene(couldbecisortrans)product:3,4-dichlorohexane."

RevisetheanswertotheCheckYourLearninginExample20.5AlkeneReactivityandNamingto"reactant:cis-3-hexeneproduct:3,4-dichlorohexane". Typo

Chapter20.3:OrganicChemistry;Section20.3:

DeletethemisplacedstructuralformulainsubsectionAldehydesandKetones. Typo

Aldehydes,Ketones,CarboxylicAcids,andEsters;Subsection:AldehydesandKetonesThethirdimageunderthesubsection,"AldehydesandKetones,"hasanextraneousimageatthetop.Chapter20.3:OrganicChemistry;Section20.3:Aldehydes,Ketones,CarboxylicAcids,andEsters;Subsection:AldehydesandKetones;Example20.10IntheCheckYourLearningtoExample20.10,thephrase,"reducedrelativetothemarkedcarbonatominethanol,"shouldbe,"reducedrelativetothecarbonatominCH_2inethanol."

RevisethefirstfigureintheCheckYourLearninginExample20.10OxidationandReductioninOrganicChemistrysothatthe"C"ismarkedred. Typo

Chapter20.3:OrganicChemistry;Section20.3:Aldehydes,Ketones,CarboxylicAcids,andEsters;Subsection:AldehydesandKetones;Question47Theanswertoquestion47part(b)inchapter20doesnotmakesense.

Revisetheanswertoquestion47part(b)asfollows:(b)CH3COCH3 Typo

Chapter20.4:OrganicChemistry;Section20.1:Hydrocarbons;Subsection:TheBasicsofOrganicNomenclature:NamingAlkanes;Example20.4Thephrase,"(asshownbytherednumbers)sothebranchisconnectedtocarbon3,"shouldread,"(asshownbythebluenumbers)sothebranchisconnectedtocarbon3..."

Reversetheuseof"red"and"blue"inthesolutiontoExampleExample20.4NamingSubstitutedAlkanes. Typo

Chapter21.2:NuclearChemistry,Section:Nuclear

InFigure21.4,addanegativesignbeforethefirstbetaparticlesymbol. Typo

Equations,Figure21.4Insection21.2(nuclearequations)Figure1,thefirstbetaparticlesymbolisincorrect.Chapter21.4:NuclearChemistry,Section:TransmutationandNuclearEnergy,Table21.3InTable21.3.Californiumrowhasanerror.ThereactionshownisforthepreparationofBknotCf.

InTable21.3PreparationofSomeoftheTransuraniumElements,revisetherowforcaliforniumasfollows:californium--Cf--98--242/96Cm+4/2He-->245/98Cf+1/0n Major

Chapter21.6:NuclearChemistry,Section:BiologicalEffectsofRadiation,Subsection:IonizingandNonionizingRadiationThediscussionofhowradiationcandamagebiomolecules(chapter21.6)showsionizedwater(H2Ocation)reactingwithH2OtoformhydroniumcationplushydroxylANION.Thisisobviouslywrong.ThetextiscorrectindescribinghydroxylRADICALasthebadactor,buttheequationonp1219andfigure21.32havethetypo.I.e.OH-shouldbeOH•It'satypo,butit'stotallyegregious(chemically)andreallyneedstobefixed.

ReviseOH-toOH(dot)infigure21.32andthefigureaboveit. Typo

AppendixB:EssentialMathematics;Section:ExponentialArithmeticInAppendixB,thesentence,"Forexample,1,230,000,000=1.23×10^9and0.00000000036×10^?10."shouldread,"Forexample,1,230,000,000=1.23×10^9and0.00000000036=3.6×10^?10."

InAppendixB,revisethesentence,"Forexample,1,230,000,000=1.23×10^9and0.00000000036×10^?10."to"Forexample,1,230,000,000=1.23×10^9and0.00000000036=3.6×10^?10." Typo

AppendixB:EssentialMathematics;Section:ExponentialArithmetic;Subsection:AdditionofExponentials;ExampleB1ThesolutiontoExampleB1shouldbe,"3.00×10^?3=300×10^?5."

RevisethesolutiontoExampleB1AddingExponentialsfrom3.00x100^-3to3.00x10^-3. Typo

AppendixH:IonizationConstantsOfWeakAcidsTheLewisstructureforformicacidinAppendixHismissingadoublebondbetweentheCandtheterminalO.

RevisetheLewisstructureforformicacidtohaveadoublebondbetweenCarbonandOxygen. Minor