Chemistry Edition. $300 $200 $100 $400 $500 Acids &...

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Transcript of Chemistry Edition. $300 $200 $100 $400 $500 Acids &...

Chemistry Edition

$300 $300 $300$300$300$300$300

$200 $200 $200$200$200$200$200

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Acids &Acids &BasesBases IonsIons Sargent’sSargent’s

choicechoiceBondingBondingFormulasFormulasPeriodicPeriodicTable Table

BiologyBiology

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A: Elements are organized on the periodic table by atomic number which indicates the number of _____ in an atom.

$100$100Q: What are protons?

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A: The family of elements that will lose 2e- to become stable.

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Q: What is the alkaline-earth metals family (column IIA)?

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A: Elements are organized into families (columns). Elements of the same family act similar chemically due to having the same number of _______.

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Q: What are valence electrons?

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A: An atom of oxygen (column VIA) has this many valence electrons.

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Q: What is six?

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A: The noble gases are stable due to being “full”, having ____ valence electrons.

(Helium is an exception)

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Q: What is eight valence e-?

(“octet”)

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A: The ratio of ions in a formula has to be such that the compound has no net _________.

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Q: What is charge?

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A: The formula of an ionic compound will always have at least one ________ element and at least one nonmetal element.

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Q: What is a metal?

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A: The formula of barium chloride.

(Ba+2 and Cl-)

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Q: What is BaCl2?

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A: This family of metals is located in the middle of the periodic table and their ion charges vary between +1 and +4. A # in ( ) follows the name of the metal in a compound name to tell you the charge of the metal ion.

ex: Iron (II)

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Q: What are the transition metals?

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A: The formula for magnesium nitrate.

A. Mg3N2

B. MgNO3

C. Mg(NO3)2

D. MgNO2

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Q: What is letter C: Mg(NO3)2?

$100$100A: Acids cause this change in litmus

paper.

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Q: What is turn blue litmus paper pink?

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A: A solution that is blue when BTB is added must contain ______ ions.

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Q: What is hydroxide (OH-) ions?

(BTB = blue if the solution is a base)

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A: Of soda (pH3) and vinegar (pH1), the solution that is the more concentrated acid.

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Q: What is vinegar?

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A: “Neutral” refers to a substance with pH7 (not acidic or basic). In labs 6.3 and 6.4 you saw that pure water and ________ are both neutral.

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Q: What are “salts” (or salt solutions)?

(salt = any ionic compound that is a general m+/nm- combo like calcium fluoride, lithium sulfide…)

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A: If lemon juice is an acid, it must contain these ions.

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Q: What are hydrogen ions (H+)?

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A: Ions have a net charge because they have lost or gained _________.

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Q: What are electrons?

http://www.gbrownc.on.ca/~cnowak/1280.html

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A: The charge on a phosphorus ion.

(Phosphorus is in column VA)

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Q: What is negative three (3-)?

(column VA = 5 valence e-, needs to gain 3e-)

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A: All _______ elements form positive ions due to losing e- to be stable.

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Q: What are metal elements?

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A: The ions present in a solution if the solution has a pH of 12.

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Q: What are hydroxide ions?

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A: The number of electrons in a chloride ION.

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Q: What is 18?

(chlorine atom has 17e- but will gain 1e- to be stable. +17 protons -18e- = -1 charged ion)

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A: The type of bond between the atoms in molecules, such as sugar, or between atoms of a polyatomic ion.

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Q: What is a covalent bond?

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A: The bond between particles in the compound calcium oxide.

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A: What is ionic bond?

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A: An ionic bond is formed when this event occurs.

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Q: What is the transfer of electrons?

(m nm)

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A: A water molecule has partial charges that allow it to attract many types of particles due to having this type of covalent bond.

Hint: the e- are not shared equally

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Q: What is a polar covalent bond?

$500$500A: In this type of bond e- are

constantly transferred from atom to atom creating a shared “sea of electrons”.

Hint: it exists between gold atoms in a gold ring or between aluminum atoms in aluminum foil…

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Q: What is a metallic bond?

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A: A polyatomic ion remains a group of atoms even when dissolved because the atoms are held together by this type of bond that doesn’t break during dissolving.

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Q: What is a covalent bond?

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A: Of a solution with pH 2 and a solution with pH 5, the one that has more H+.

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Q: What is pH 2?

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A: Since oil does not dissolve in water, oil must have this type of covalent bond.

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Q: What is a nonpolar covalent bond?

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A: When tested with litmus paper, detergent causes pink litmus to turn blue. Therefore, detergent must be this type of compound (solution).

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Q: What is a base (basic)?

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A: A very reactive nonmetal family (column VIIA).

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Q: What is the Halogens family?