ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

Chemistry – Chapter 4

Rutherford’s Atomic Model

Wave-like Characteristics of Light

All forms of electromagnetic radiation form the electromagnetic spectrum = continuous.

All forms of electromagnetic radiation move at a constant speed = 3.00 X 10 8 m/s

Properties include – frequency and wavelength

Formula – c = ʎv c= speed of light, a constant (3.00 x 10 8 m/s) ʎ = wavelength (m) v = frequency, in units of hertz (Hz, sec -1)

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Wavelength

Relationship Between Wavelength and Frequency

Visible Light

Relationship Between Frequency and Energy

E = hvE = energyv = frequencyh = 6.626 x 10 -34 Jxs(Planck’s constant)

Particle Theory of Light

Photoelectric effect – light is emitted in small specific amounts called quanta.

Photoelectric Effect

Quantum – the minimum amount of energy lost or gained by an atom.

Aka - photon

Absorption and Emission If a photon’s

frequency is below the minimum requirement, electrons in the atom cannot move.

Different metals have different minimum frequencies.

Ground state – Excited state -