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Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

Fulbright Visiting Professor David J. Dixong gChemical and Biological Engineering DepartmentSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology

WS 2009/2010

Overview2

• Introduction• Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History• Today’s Chemical Engineering• Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Course Overview

Introduction3

Dr David DixonDr. David DixonProfessor of Chemical Engineering Chemical and Biological Engineering DepartmentSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Rapid City, South Dakota, USAp y, ,

Introduction4

Rapid City near Black HillsRapid City near Black Hills

Introduction5

Rapid City near Black Hills (P h S L k t f “hill th t bl k”)Rapid City near Black Hills (Paha Sapa, Lakota for “hills that are black”)

Introduction6

Rapid City ( 60 000)Rapid City (~60,000)

Looking East

Looking West

Introduction7

Introduction8

SD School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT.edu)gy ( )

Introduction9

SD School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT.edu)gy ( )

Introduction10

MyselfMyself….

•BS/MS/PhD Chemical EngineeringSDSMT/SDSMT/U i i f T A i•SDSMT/SDSMT/University of Texas at Austin

•Dow Corning Corporation (Process Engineering)•Overseas military service (Darmstadt)y ( )•Professor SDSMT (16 yrs)

Introduction11

Chemical Engineering History12

United States:United States:•J. Willard Gibbs 1st PhD in Engineering in the U.S. (1863)• L. M. Norton, MIT first ChE course (1888)1 t BS i Ch i l E i i U P l i (1892)•1st BS program in Chemical Engineering, U Pennsylvania (1892)

•American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) formed 1908

“The chemical industry had a central position in the changing industrial y p g gworld of the late 19th century. This industry did not hatch fully grown; it

was based on nearly a century’s worth of scientific advances in the universities – particularly German universities.”

N.A. Peppas, “The First Century of Chemical Engineering”, Chemical Heritage Newsmagazine, Vol. 26, No. 3, Fall 2008

Europe:•Justus von Liebig (1803 – 1873) Giessen•Göttingen, Heidelberg, and other top universities.g , g, p

Chemical Engineering History13

South Dakota: 1803 4South Dakota: 1803-4

* "Discovered a Village of S ll i l th t bSmall animals that burrow in the grown... except the ears which is Shorter, his tail like a ground squirel g qwhich they shake & whistle when allarmd. the toe nails long, they have fine fur."

* W. Clark - Friday, September 7, 1804

Today’s Chemical Engineering14

* Wikipedia, Chemical Engineering

Today’s Engineering15

Darmstadt (BS 3yrs – MS 2yrs)( y y )

Today’s Chemical Engineering16

USA system (BS 4 yrs)y ( y )•Programming and Numerical solutions to ChE problems•Material and energy balances

•ChE laboratory experiences•Freshman modeling intro•Fluid flowMaterial and energy balances

•Fluid flow •Heat transfer•Mass transfer U it O ti / ti

Fluid flow•Process control intro•Heat transfer•SeparationsEl ti l b•Unit Operations/separations

•Thermodynamics I and II•Chemical kinetics and reactor design •Senior design courses and project

•Elective lab•Elective ChE courses

•Advanced separations•Advanced reactor designg p j

•Process control•Microbiology•Global and contemporary issues in ChE

g•System dynamics and modeling•Polymer engineering•Organosilicone chemistry•Biochemical engineeringChE •Biochemical engineering•Design of experiments for ChEs•Coop experiences•Undergraduate research

Today’s Chemical Engineering17

USA system (BS 4 yrs)USA system (BS 4 yrs)-Professional organizations (AIChE, ACS, other)

Today’s Chemical Engineering18

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Today’s Chemical Engineering19

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Today’s Chemical Engineering20

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Today’s Chemical Engineering21

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Today’s Chemical Engineering22

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (2nd), M. McHugh & V. Krukonis, Elsevier (1994)

Today’s Chemical Engineering23

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (2nd), M. McHugh & V. Krukonis, Elsevier (1994)

Today’s Chemical Engineering24

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Today’s Chemical Engineering25

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Today’s Chemical Engineering26

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Course Overview27

Course Overview28

Course Overview29

Course Overview30

Chapter 5- Thermodynamic Web- Departure Functions- Review Equations of state (chapter 4, briefly)

Chapter 6Chapter 6- Equilibrium (chemical potential)

* Pure Component* Mixtures

Ch t 7Chapter 7- Fugacity (chemical potential fugacity equilibrium calculations)

* Vapor (overview), liquid, solids- Activity Coefficients [Fugacity Coefficients (overview)]y [ g y ( )]

Chapter 8- Phase Equilibrium

* Diagrams* Vapor Liquid (VLE)* Vapor – Liquid (VLE)* Liquid – Liquid (LLE)* Solid – Liquid (SLE)

Chapter 9- Reaction Equilibria

Questions?31