Chem Lab 2011

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In 2008, a 22-year old

researcher from

UCLA died from second

and third degree burns

after an accident

involving t-butyl lithium

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In 2010, four researchers from the University of Missourisustained minor injuries after an explosion caused by thespontaneous combustion of hydrogen and nitrogen gases

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Nearly 6,000 people

die from job-related

injuries (17 people a

day in the U.S. in2008)

4.4 million more suffer

occupational injuries

and illnesses each year

in the U.S.

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To protect people- it’s a moral responsibility

To comply with the law- government regulationsrequire it

Good safety is good business

Safety is a catalyst for organizational excellence

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For every $1.00 invested

in a work safety and

health program, $3.00-

$6.00 dollars are saved asinjuries, illnesses and

fatalities decline, medical

costs and workers

compensation costsdecrease and productivity

increases

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Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA): To protect

human health and the

environment

Occupational Safety &Health Administration(OSHA): To makeemployers responsible forproviding a safe andhealthy workplace for theiremployees

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Addresses “Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals

in laboratories”

Provides guidelines to ALL laboratory workers usinghazardous chemicals in an “investigative” application

(29 CFR 1910, subpart Z)

Does not apply to laboratory uses of hazardous chemicals

which provide no potential for employee exposure

- Impregnated Test Media (e.g. dip-and-read tests)

- Commercially prepared kits (e.g. pregnancy test kits)

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1. The location of the Chemical Hygiene Plan

2. Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to

hazardous chemicals in the laboratory

3. Location and availability of known reference materialon the hazards (physical and health), safe handling,

storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals

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List of the policies and standard operating

procedures to ensure that employees are protected

from harm due to chemicals

Includes training, PPE, housekeeping, laboratory

inspections, chemical segregation, recordkeeping,

Written, developed and implemented by UCONN

Located at http://ehs.uconn.edu/chemplan.html

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Training needs to be provided:

1. At the time of an employees initial assignment to a

work area where hazardous chemicals are present

2. Prior to assignments involving new exposuresituations

Refresher training needs to be completed everyyear. Online refresher training is available at:http://ehs.uconn.edu/training/login.html

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Provided whenever:

- An employee develops signs or symptoms associated witha hazardous chemical

- When exposure levels exceed the action level/permissibleexposure limit (PEL) for an OSHA regulated substance

- When a leak, spill or explosion results in a hazardous

exposure

All medical examinations shall be performed by or under thedirect supervision of a licensed physician and shall beprovided without cost to the employee, without loss of payand at a reasonable time and place

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Each lab should designate its own Chemical Hygiene

Officer (CHO)

CHO is responsible for implementing the policies

and procedures in the Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

Ultimately it is the responsibility of EVERY LAB

WORKER to follow the safe work practices in the

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Hazard- any existing or potential workplace condition

that by itself or by interacting with other variables can

result in death, injury, property damage or other loss.

Types of Hazards

- Health

- Physical- Biological (e.g. bloodborne pathogens, mold, etc.)

- Ergonomic (e.g. repetition, vibration, work area design)

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Before working with any chemical, each workershould understand it’s properties, characteristics,hazards, and handling precautions

Hazard Identification-

1. Assess all laboratory areas for potential hazards

2. Prevent harmful situations

- Use Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) toidentify chemical-specific hazards

- Implement controls to reduce or eliminate hazard

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MSDS- a written or electronic document that containsdetails of the hazards associated with a chemical, and givesinformation on its safe use.

MSDS is the MOST important tool in hazard identification

Must be written in English

No standard format

Required for EVERY chemical in the lab

- Hard copy

- Link to an electronic form

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Chemical name, trade name,synonyms and CAS number(Chemical Abstract System)

Manufacturer information

List of hazardous ingredients

Exposure limits (OSHA PEL)

Conditions under whichchemical will burn, explode,

melt or become dangerous gas Normal appearance and odor of

chemical

Fire fighting measures

Spill/Leak procedures

Entry routes

Health Hazards

Medical conditions that canbe aggravated by exposure

Prevention of exposure(handling, storage, PPE anddisposal)

Signs/symptoms of exposure,what to do if exposed

Date MSDS last updated

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Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – An exposure limitenforced by OSHA as a legal standard. Most PEL’s areexpressed as 8 hour average airborne concentrations of substances to which it is believed most workers may beexposed for a working lifetime (30years) without developingserious illness (e.g. PEL for acetone is 1000ppm (2400mg/m3).

Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Short-Term Exposure

Limits (STELs) are exposure limits set by the AmericanConference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

(e.g. TLV for acetone is 500ppm, STEL 750ppm)

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Administrative- minimize worker exposure by using

policies, procedures and rules as standard operating

procedures (e.g. housekeeping, self-inspections, workplace

orientation, etc.)

Engineering- design the workplace to reduce or

eliminate hazards (e.g. fume hoods, substitution, isolation,

barriers, etc.)

Personal Protective Equipment- provides a barrier

between the worker and the hazard (e.g. gloves, goggles,

face-shields, earplugs, protective footwear, etc.)

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Health Hazard- means a

chemical for which there is

statistically significant

evidence based on at least

one study conducted in

accordance with

established scientific

principles that acute or

chronic health effects mayoccur in exposed

employees.

Physical Hazard- a

characteristic of a chemical

that does not manifest itself

when that chemical is

exposed to an individual.

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Irritants

Sensitizers

Mutagens Teratogens

Target Organ

Chemicals

Carcinogens

Corrosives

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Fire/Explosion

- Pyrophoric

- Flammable (FP < 100°F)

- Combustible (FP > 100°F)

Oxidizers

Water Reactive

Electrical

Radiation

Sharps/Piercing Objects

Slips/Falls

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Inhalation

Absorption

Ingestion

Injection

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Routes of Entry

Physical Condition

Frequency

Combined Effects

Stress

Sensitivity

Individual Variation

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Behavior Change Breathing Difficulty Change in Complexion/

Skin Color Coughing Drooling Fatigue /weakness

Irritation of eyes/nose/ throat/skin

Headache Nausea

Sweating

Tightness of chest

Coordination difficulty

Dizziness Diarrhea

Irritability

Light-headedness

Sneezing Dermatitis

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BEFORE working in the laboratory you should know:

1. Emergency Evacuation Route

- Out of the Lab

- Out of the Building

- Meeting Place

2. Locations of fume hoods, spill response kits, first aid kits,safety showers, eyewash stations, etc.

3. Review and understand the MSDS for each chemical beingused and the hazards associated with it.

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Chemical Inventory- a list of every chemical(including gas cylinders) present in a specificlaboratory

Can be electronic or hard copy

Should contain at minimum:

- Name of the chemical

- Location of the chemical in the lab (e.g. left storage cabinet)

- Approximate amount of the chemical (e.g. acetone 5-gallons)

Document changes to inventory as needed

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Incompatible chemicals should not be stored together

Chemicals should be segregated into distinct groups

based on their chemical properties: Flammable/Ignitable Water Reactive

Acids Toxics

Bases Nonhazardous

Oxidizers

Segregating chemicals by alphabetical order oftentimes does not minimize hazards

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Flammables need to be stored in an approved cabinet

or refrigerator

Nitric Acid and Perchloric Acid are oxidizers and

need to be stored with other oxidizers Glacial acetic acid is both combustible and corrosive

and the University prefers that it be stored in the

flammable cabinet

Perchloric acid should be handled in a hood

specifically designed for perchloric acid use

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Peroxides are highlyreactive materials that maybecome shock-sensitiveexplosives

Peroxides can form from

exposure to air and light Peroxides can form even

though the containers havenot been opened

Formation of peroxides in

ethers is accelerated inopened and partiallyemptied containers.

Refrigeration will not prevent peroxide formation

Peroxides may detonatewhen combined with othercompounds or whendisturbed by unusual heat,shock or friction

Examples:

- Diethyl Ether

- Tetrahydrafuran

- Sodium/Potassium Amide

- Potassium metal

- Dioxane

- Picric Acid

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Identify chemicals that formperoxides

Store in tightly sealed containersand place in a cool place in theabsence of light

Visually check for crystallinesolids before use

Label containers with the datereceived and the date firstopened

Discard before manufacturer’sexpiration date

If you suspect that peroxideshave formed, do not open the

container. Call for help.

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Conduct all operations that may generate irritating and/or

hazardous air contaminants inside a hood

Keep all apparatus and chemicals at least 6 inches back from

the face of the hood

Keep the hood sash closed as much as possible

Do not store chemicals or apparatus in the hood

Do not use the hood as a waste disposal method

(e.g. volatilize chemicals) Do not remove hood sash or panels

Keep the slots in the hood baffle free of obstruction by

apparatus or containers

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Chemical hazards

- Corrosive

- Explosive

- Flammable- Reactive

- Toxic

Other Hazards

- Asphyxiation

- Potential energy of cylinder

- Compatibility between valve

and regulator fittings

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Contents of the cylindershould be clearly marked

Store cylinders upright andsecure them with a chain,strap, or cable

A cylinder cap or regulatorvalve should always be inplace

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area (no cold

rooms) free from sources of ignition

Separate and secure fulland empty containers

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During transport, cylindersshould be secured to anappropriate handcart

Only one cylinder should

be moved at a time Cylinders should never berolled or dragged

The cover cap should bescrewed on hand tight and

remain on until the cylinderis in place and ready foruse

ALWAYS use safetygoggles when handling gascylinders

Don’t be afraid to ask for

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Cryogenic Liquid- a cryogenic liquid is a liquid with

a normal boiling point below -238°F (-150°C)

Common cryogenic liquids found at universities

include:

- Nitrogen

- Oxygen

- Hydrogen

- Carbon Monoxide

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Burn Hazards

- Tight-fitting goggles/face shield

- Thermally insulated or leather

gloves (loose-fitting)- Closed-toe footwear

Asphyxiation Hazards

- Gases are colorless and odorlesswhich make them hard to detect

- Store in a well ventilated area

Explosion Hazards

- Do not plug, remove, or tamper

with any pressure relief device

- Do not store in a container with

tight fitting cap

- Dispense only into approved

Dewars

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Work areas should be kept clean and free fromobstruction.

Hands should be washed after every experiment,

before touching any non-contaminated area orobject, and before leaving the laboratory area.

Access to exits, emergency exits, aisles, and controlsshould never be blocked.

Work areas should be cleaned at the end of theexperiment and at the end of the day.

Food or drink is not allowed in the laboratories

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Hazardous Waste- is a waste with properties that make itdangerous or potentially harmful to human health or theenvironment

Includes materials that are:- Abandoned

- Unknown

- Inherently waste-like

EPA (40 CFR 262.11) requires that any person who producesor generates a waste must determine if that waste is hazardous(e.g. Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Toxicity)

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Every waste container must:

1. Contain the words “Hazardous Waste”

2. List the specific name for each chemical in the container

(NO SYMBOLS OR ABBREVIATIONS) 3. Have a tight-fitting cap or lid. Waste containers should be

closed when not actively adding waste.

4. Be stored in a secure location

5. Be stored with compatible chemicals6. Be stored at or near a green “Satellite Accumulation

Area” sign

7. Store liquid waste in secondary containment tubs

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______

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Label a clear Ziploc bagwith green “ConnecticutRegulated Waste” sticker

Wear protective gloves, alaboratory coat, andchemical goggles

Place ethidium bromidegels or contaminated debrisin a clear Ziploc bag. Callfor pick-up when bag is

half full Place ethidium bromide

liquid in sturdy, non-leaking container withgreen label

Seal bag or container when

not in use

Wash hands thoroughly

after handling EtBr, even if

gloves are used

Ethidium Bromide

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According to the EPA, a container of a non-acute hazardous waste isconsidered “EMPTY” when:

1) All wastes have been removed using commonly used practices such as pouring,

pumping, aspirating, and draining

2) No more than 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) of material remains in the container or liner

3) No more than 3% by weight of the container remains for containers with a capacity

of 119 gallons or less

If all three criteria are met, the label on the container should be defacedand the container should be discarded in the glass receptacle in the lab

If any of the three criteria are not met, the container should be properlylabeled and disposed of as hazardous waste

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Acutely hazardous wastes (referred toas P-listed chemicals by the EPA)

require greater attention at the time of

disposal, since many have highly

poisonous or reactive properties.

A list of acutely hazardous chemicals

is located at:

http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/waste

types/listed.htm

ALL EMPTY CONTAINERS OFACUTELY HAZARDOUS WASTE

SHOULD BE LABELED

PROPERLY AND DISPOSED OF

AS HAZARDOUS WASTE.

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All broken glass should bedisposed of in suitable glasswaste receptacles in the labs

Sharps (e.g. razors blades,

syringes, hypodermic needles,pipettes, etc.) should bedisposed of in approved sharpscontainers

Sharps container types/sizesare available through theBiological Health & Safetywebsite at:http://www.ehs.uconn.edu/Biologi

cal/Sharps%20Containers.pdf

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Available online athttp://ehs.uconn.edu/cwc/request.php

Call before the wastecontainer is full

Chemical Waste Pick-ups are conducted onM/W/F mornings(Storrs)

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Relocate- If it is safe to do so, relocate people in immediatedanger.

Alarm- Pull the building fire alarm to alert others. Move to a

safe location. Call 911 immediately. Confine- If it can be done safely, close all doors, windows

and other openings to confine the fire. Shut off fuel sourcessuch as piped gases and compressed gas cylinders as youevacuate.

Evacuate- Evacuate building. Do not use elevators. Reportto your designated meeting site. Notify emergency responsepersonnel if others are trapped or left behind in the building.

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1. Close off room

2. Post NO ENTRY sign

on door to lab

3. Relocate to safelocation

4. Call 911

5. Do not re-enter areauntil instructed to do

so by the fire

department or other

emergency personnel

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Ensure you’re not in danger

Use proper PPE

Control the source andconfine the spill to a small

area using spill kit supplies Place debris in an

appropriate container,tightly seal or closecontainer, attach a

Hazardous Waste Tag Place in your Satellite

Accumulation Area andcontact EH&S for Pick-up

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For serious injuries andtrue emergencies call 911

Stock first aid kits

- Band-Aids

- 4x4 gauzes- Rolled bandages

- Ace bandages

Test eye washes weekly

Fire extinguishers andrespirators are only to beused by appropriatelytrained personnel

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Wash eye thoroughly withwater using an emergencyeyewash

Forcibly hold eyes open toensure effective washbehind both eyelids for at

least 15 minutes After 15 minutes, obtain

medical attention. Bring orsend MSDS or other sourceof contaminant information

to physician’s office If dust, metal, paint or

wood chips, cover or closeeye and report to SHS

Report injury to your

supervisor

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Remove contaminated clothing Wash skin thoroughly with water

using a faucet or emergencyshower

Take care not to break the skin

For chemical and thermal burns,flush with cold water, if indicated in MSDS

For biological, blood, orradiological exposure, use soapand water

Obtain medical attention if necessary. Bring or send MSDSto physician’s office

Report the injury to yoursupervisor

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Symptoms

- Skin that has become

dried, reddened, and itchy

or exhibits a rash

- Tearing or burning of theeyes

- Burning sensations of the

skin, nose or throat.

- Headache, dizziness,cough

Course of Action- Move to fresh air

- Get immediate help (911)

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Chemical Health & Safety

- Stefan Wawzyniecki- 486- 1110- Stefan.W@uconn.edu

- Denis Shannon- 486-3115- Denis.Shannon@uconn.edu

- Brent Lewchik- 486-4927- Brent.Lewchik@uconn.edu- Mich Colgan- 486-2691- Mich.Colgan@uconn.edu

- David Judd- 486-1804- Dave.Judd@uconn.edu

Electronic Mailing List

- LISTSERV@UCONNVM.UCONN.EDU

- LABSAF-L@UCONNVM.UCONN.EDU

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