Post on 12-Jan-2016
Check lists&
Conditional sentences
Sergio Pizziconi
Plan of the day
Plan
- Review- A portfolio checklist- Structure of the paper - Conditional sentences
- Review- A portfolio checklist- Structure of the paper - Conditional sentences
EXTRA-CLASS work: Read Chp 2 case 15 (DISCOVERY); Chp 4 reading 5 (Wal-mart), 7(Prada), 8 (Airlines), 9 (Auto), and 10 (American Cars) [MARK relative clauses & aspect-tenses]
Keep working on your project.
SURVEYhttps://it.surveymonkey.com/s/ABCCSITA
Review: Phonology 1Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to /ɒ/ (lowering your jaw) from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing): proNOUNce pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/ voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)
Review: Phonology 2
SOURCE: CONSONANTS
References……..……..CONSONANTS = Table of English consonants, retrieved URL: https://www.llas.ac.uk/materialsbank/mb081/page_07.htm (accessed May 14, 2014).……...
Review: Morphology 1IRREGULAR VERBS:choose – chose – chosen; seek – sought – sought; Grow - ????? - ??????; Show- ????? - ??????; Know - ????? - ??????[report the paradigm of irregular verbs you write in your maps] ADJ+lyADV; N+lyADJ // V+er N(s.o./s.t. does V) // To+N(and
most words)V (googleto google; wowto wow) // V + ance/ence N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less antonym help+ful //
Adj+ en V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) //WRONG: I want to show the differents between BMW
and FIAT RIGHT?????Adj(max2syll.) + er Adj (comparative: more Adj)Adj(max2syll.) + est Adj (superlative: most Adj)BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst //Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis, Axis /s/ unvoicedPlural: Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses Axes /z/ voiced //Datum (sing.) Data (pl.)Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)
Review: Morphology 2
PersonalPr.subjectIyouhesheitweyou (all)they
who
PersonalPr.Non-subject
meyouhimheritusyou (all)them
whom
Reflexive
myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves
PossessiveAdjectives
myyourhisheritsouryourtheir
PossessivePronouns
mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
Sets of personal pronouns and possessive
Review: Morphology 3Possessive
MyYourHisHerItsOurYourTheir
Luke’s
mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
Tony’s
car is affordable is expensive
Review: Morphology 4 Verb tenses 1
• Past (simple)
• Non-past: present (simple)
NOW
PastNon-Past
I go to school tomorrowI go to school everydayIn 1776 the USA declare their independence
Review: Morphology 5 Verb tenses 2• Past (simple)
• Non-past: present (simple)
NOW
PastNon-Past
Futurity:I go to school tomorrowI am going to school tomorrowI’m going to go to school tomorrowI will go to school tomorrow
Review: Morphology 6 Tense-aspect 3They usually refer to a habitual action:I go to school [as my main activity today]I went to school last year [as my main activity then]
To remark habits in the past:I used to go to school last yearI would go to school everyday
• Past (simple)
• Non-past: present (simple)
NOW
PastNon-Past
Review: Morphology 7 Tense-aspect 4• Simple
• Continuous/Progressive
Habitual process
On-going process:To be + V-ing
NOW
Their price is decreasing
When I bought the shares,their price was decreasing
Their price will be decreasing
Review: Morphology 8 Tense-aspect 5
Habitual process
On-going: To be + V-ing
NOW
I have started this project two weeks ago
The deadline was yesterdaybut I had started the project two months ago
When you will be back, they will have finished the project
• Simple
• Continuous/Progressive
• Perfect Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
Review: Morphology 9 Tense-aspect 6
Habitual process
On-going: To be + V-ing
NOW
I have started this project two weeks ago
The deadline was yesterdaybut I had started the project two months ago
When you will be back, they will have finished the project
• Simple
• Continuous/Progressive
• Perfect Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
I started the project two months ago because the deadline was yesterday
I have been working on this project for four weeksI have been working on this project since last month (2013)
Review: Morphology 10 Duration form 7
Habitual process
On-going: To be + V-ing
NOW
• Simple
• Continuous/Progressive
• Perfect
• Perfect continuous Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed
Some link with present and on-going : To have + BEEN + V-ing
BUT: I have known you all since March 10th
Review: Syntax 1Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object, Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)//AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS to have (e.g., Things have changed)BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few constructions (e.g., are you finished?) //Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. To bring about = to cause, to engender (causare, determinare) //
Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +…..Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form)Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form)
N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE IT instead of adding to doEmphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) //What brings about unemployement? (what = SUBJECT)What does unemployment bring about? (what = ????)WRONG: I’m interesting in fashion RIGHT: ????
Review: Syntax 2Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The United
States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands //Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The village
was… [see vignette below]In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for
possessive case and article]//TRANSITIVE: to raise (raised – raised); to lay (laid – laid)INTRANSITIVE: to rise (rose – risen); to lie (lay – lain) (lying)N.B.: to lie (to say something untrue) (lied – lied) (lying)
Review: Syntax 3Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should +
BARE INFINITIVE (without to)Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?)Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t go, I
cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go)They do not take to before or after:
WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONGWRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG
They do not take –s for 3° person singularWRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONGThey have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality:Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK
I want TO focus/analyzeI would like TO focus/analyze
Review: syntax 4
S V(D.O.)
(I.O.)Why?
Where? When?
How?
On what condition?
(Att)
Links within the text
About the relation between interlocutors
Circumstances Textual markers
General structure of the sentence
• What sentence constituent is the underlined subordinate clause replacing?
– I think (that) you can do excellent projects– Io penso che …
– Can you replace “that” (“che”) with “which” (“il/la/i/le quale/i”)?
• What’s the difference between the two uses of “honestly” below?– Honestly, I don’t think you can win the game
– I don’t think you can honestly win the game
Review: Syntax 5
D.O. replacing subordinate
clause
Discourse Marker
(relation to interlocutors)
Vs.Circumstance
Review: Syntax 6We have already sold the books
that
we received XXXX yesterday
We have already sold the books
that
XXXX were delivered yesterday
A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase
A relative pronoun
A clause with a missing element
A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase
A relative pronoun
A clause with a missing element
Basic relative clauses
Review: Syntax 7• Omitted relative pronoun:
– From AMWAY: These distributors sell to people [that/whom] they know or meet.
• Whiz (omitted which and auxiliary to be):
– From BIC: Most large companies produce a variety of goods and services XXX XXX [which are] designed to meet customers’ needs…
• Fused relative pronoun:
– From BIC: This case study shows how [the way in which] BIC understands product life cycles
Other details about relative clauses
Review: Syntax 8
• Try to figure out what the pair below has to do with relative clauses:
Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive
The car that is parked in front of the department is mine
My car, which is parked in front of the department, is a FIAT
Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive
Review: Pragmatics 1/1Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See you later.”// Language
varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong” Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression). // How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup? It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.// Greetings (see next slide)//
FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT: his/her].
INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.
Review: Pragmatics (Appendix)Pragmatics:
Informal Formal
Greetings Sup?Wassup?What’s up?How you doing?How is it going?
How are you doing?
Good morning/afternoon/evening
Intro “ (very) nice/glad/pleased to meet you!How do you do?
Parting after first meeting
(very) nice/glad/pleased meeting you!
Review: Tools 1/1Tools: www.thefreedictionary.com Also, the financial and legal
dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” // Semantics of prototypes //
Google advanced search: with pdf and site: .edu (US universities) or .ac.edu (UK universities)
SUNECO’s library’s link to “online sources” (Open access journals)
FOEs 1/5- Information (uncountable: much information NOT many
informations , NOT an information)
- Economy Vs Economics - Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous
actions)- Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through
(space; means/tool)
- Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a course/program/school)
- I study English Vs I study the English language- Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form)
- A + consonant sound! OR pronounced h : a house, a university
An + vowel sound! OR mute h: an unpredictable even, an hour.
- Principal (of a secondary school), head, chair (of a Department), dean (of a college) president (of a university)
FOEs 2/5- I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school
I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school
- Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of)- Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like
(+noun)- Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In fact it’s
the largest (A dire il vero)- Industry usually means productive sector. Plant, factory (are the
words for the place where things are manufactured)- When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word
to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…; The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses
- Matricola (the person) = freshman/freshmen- Matricola (the number) = Student ID number
FOEs 3/5• What’s wrong in the sentence below?– WRONG Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission.• You need a subject!
• Io sono d’accordo I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)…. [NOT: I am agree]
• A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT for to keep in touch]
• Possessive case:
The doctor’s house Vs X Dr. Smith’s house
The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice
BUT The child’s toy Vs The children’s toy
BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book
FOEs 4/5 (charts)• Fall – fell – fallen• WRONG: his trend is regular RIGHT: ????• ITA: media ENG: mean (on average)• Price varies according to volume• WRONG: It is steadily for the first part• RIGHT: It is steady. It levels steadily. It is steadily high.• WRONG: After there is a slowly fall RIGHT: ????• WRONG: Before it varies RIGHT: ????• PREPOSITIONS
April May June
IN JuneON May 23rd
DURING the month
AT the end of June
FOEs 5/5One – first 1st
Two – second 2nd
Three – third 3rd
Four – fourth 4th ……
Twenty one – Twenty first 21st
Twenty two – Twenty second 22nd
Twenty third – Twenty third 23rd
Twenty four – Twenty fourth 24th ….
Thirty one – Thirty first 31st …..
To enterIf it refers to s.o. or s.t that moves into a place, to enter is transitive:A company enters the marketBut if it refers… [see activity]
FOEs 6• GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
• MARKETING DOMESTICALLY
• DOMESTIC FLIGHTS
Review: Acconto: Down-payment or Advance payment?
• I would like our extended community of knowledge to solve the issue.
• Let’s state the issue by looking at the definitions of the two English words in the financial dictionary.
• The conclusion might also be along the lines:
• From a logical/semantic point of view, we should not use “advance payment”. However, language use is different in this specific domain.
Portfolio’s checklist
• Portfolio. At the end of the course you will be asked to submit your portfolio which will comprise at least the following material:
• Exercises and reports of the in-class activities with my comments and initials (at least: 60% of all the exercises/reports you will be requested in class)
• Texts generated for your project (at least: abstract/proposal, final paper, slides for a presentation)
• A lexicon structured according to your own organizing criteria (mandatory)• Your curriculum vitae (mandatory)• Two cover/application letters: one for a corporate position, the other for a
graduate program abroad (at least one)• A statement of goals for a graduate program, such as an MBA (Master’s
degree in Business Administration) (mandatory)• A table of contents and commentary (at least 400 words maximum 800)
on the material included in your portfolio (mandatory)
Syntax: Conditional sentences 1/4• Italian and English speakers might build
conditional sentences with double conditional mood (Se o saprei o direi)
• Or with double subjunctive mood (Si o sapisse o dicisse)
Syntax: conditional sentences 2/4
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you________________________________________________________________________
Syntax: conditional sentences 3/4If I knew it, I said it to youIf I would know it, I would say it to you
If I had known it, I had said it to youIf I would have known it, I would have said it to you
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you________________________________________________________________________
Syntax: conditional sentences 4/4
If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to youIf I knew it, I would say it to youIf I had known it, I would have said it to you
If I knew it, I said it to youIf I would know it, I would say it to you
If I had known it, I had said it to youIf I would have known it, I would have said it to you
NOT FOR SUBMISSION
• Write a conditional sentence about the reading, “Why Kraft is on a crash diet”.
Paper outline & Presentation slides draft• The blocks I expect in your projects
– Introduction– Literature review– Hypothesis/es OR research question/s– (Methodology)– Data/results– Discussion– Conclusion– References
Title and your name
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Pretzel variety
•Listen, buddy, I’m not too thrilled about this either•All right, let’s get this over with
Same structure/similar terms
Terminology activityThe completed map MUST be in your portfolio
Same structure/different terms
Different structure/Transparent terms
Different structure/Opaque terms
Either “Bank operations”Or “Export-Import activities”
Statement of goals
• 100 is the total number of bits of information you write
• 80 must talk about your future
• 20 must talk about your past and present
• The difficulty is to avoid granted and naïve rhetoric (i.e., “My favorite colors are Green, White and Red because they are the colors of our flag”
MUSTs & MUST-NOTs MINIMUM MUSTs
• MUST rephrase
• MUST cite sources
• MUST circumscribe your scope
MUSTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment
• MUST carry out YOUR OWN analysis
MINIMUM MUST-NOTs
• MUST NOT copy and paste
• MUST NOT hide sources
• MUST NOT write your paper in the slides
MUST-NOTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment
• MUST NOT just repeat what other scholars wrote