Characteristics and Limitations of Digital Color Photography

Harald BrendelMunich, 21 September 2012

Light is Electromagnetic Radiation

Short wavelength (~400nm)

Long wavelength (~700nm)

21.09.12 Harald Brendel, Arnold & Richter Cine Technik 2

Radiometry

Incandescent Light

Spectral Power Distribution

Incandescent Light

Daylight

Photoreceptor

Retina

http://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/montag/vandplite/pages/chap_9/ch9p1.html

Color Receptors

Tristimulus

Brightness

Color Sensation

21.09.12 11

Primary Colors

Additive Color Mixture

Additive Color Mixture: Red and Green

Additive Color Mixture: Blue and Green

Additive Color Mixture: Red and Blue

Additive Color Mixture: Red, Green, and Blue

Harald Brendel, Arnold & Richter Cine Technik 18

RGB forms White

Metamerism

Two Different Spectra

Same Tristimulus Values

Same Color Perception(For Average Observers)

Colors Are No Physical Attributes

Color Reproduction

Additive Display

Color Gamut

Spectral (monochromatic) locus

Primary colors

Mixtures of two colors

Mixtures of three colors

Digital Camera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg

Cameras See Different

Two Observers

Stimuli that look the same for one observermay look different for another

Color Reproduction: Good

Color Reproduction: Bad

Color Reproduction: Ugly

Color Reproduction: Mission Impossible

A Camera Has No Gamut

Red Rose

Blue Lacquer

Summary

• Colors are no physical attributes.• Physically different stimuli can produce the

same color sensation.• Two stimuli that produce the same color

sensation may look different when photographed with a camera.

• Two light sources that have the same color temperature may produce different object colors.

• Digital cameras have no gamut.• The color encoding defines the gamut.

Future Prospects

• Cameras with spectral response more similar to the eye– Loss of dynamic range and sensitivity– Future sensor technology will compensate– Multi channel imaging

• Scene encoding without gamut limits– Floating point numbers– Wide virtual primaries– AMPAS ACES

Characteristics and Limitations of Digital Color Photography

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