Transcript of Chapters 10 & 11 taxonomy, classification and prokaryotic diversity.
- Slide 1
- chapters 10 & 11 taxonomy, classification and prokaryotic
diversity
- Slide 2
- organism grouping identification binomial nomenclature
classification organism similarity
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- identification: morphology & biochemical testing
differential staining & physiology (bacterial enzymes) Gram
negative bacillus lactose fermenter decarboxylates lysine Shigella
produces hydrogen sulfide Salmonella lactose non- fermenter citrate
utilization Escherichia no citrate utilization butanediol
fermentation Enterobacter no butanediol fermentation
Citrobacter
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- Ab/Ag interaction slide agglutination ELISA identification:
serology
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- western (immuno-)blot protein gel antibody probes
identification: blots seroconversion with HIV
antibodiesconfirmation of plasmid transformation
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- laser reads single cells interspecies differences conductivity
fluorescence Ab-stained cells identification: flow cytometry
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- DNA base composition ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing DNA
fingerprinting DNA-DNA hybridization classification &
identification: genetic analysis
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- classification: hydrogen bonds & %GC experimentally derived
1.denature DNA 2.read abs. @ 260nm 3.abs of 1 >> 2 from
DNA/RNA sequence
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- classification: NA sequencing
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- Identification & classification: sequencing
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- identification: RFLPs
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- classification: nucleic acid hybridization
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- MethodClassificationIdentification morphologynoyes stainingyes
(Gram)yes biochemical testingnoyes serologynoyes flow
cytometrynoyes NA hybridizationyes(yes) %GCyesno DNA
fingerprintingnoyes rRNA/rDNA sequencingyes
- Slide 14
- Chapter 10 Learning Objectives 1.Define and differentiate
taxonomy, phylogeny, identification and classification.
2.Categorize each of the following in terms of the classification
and identification of bacteria: morphology, differential staining,
biochemical testing, western blot, serology, ELISA, flow cytometry,
DNA fingerprinting, %GC analysis, rDNA (rRNA) sequencing, DNA-DNA
hybridization. Know why each does or doesnt work for classification
and/or identification. 3.If given the percent similarities for a
group of organisms and a blank phylogenetic tree, be able to place
the 4 organisms appropriately onto the tree. 4.How has rDNA
sequencing and the work of Carl Woese changed the way organisms are
categorized based on their similarities? 5.How do RFLPs allow for
the identification of unknown bacteria?
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- chapter 11: domains Bacteria & Archaea
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- the prokaryotes: domains Bacteria and Archaea
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- Korarchaeota ___________________ Pyrodictium Sulfolobus
Euryarchaeota ___________________ Methanobacterium
___________________ Halobacterium Crenarchaeota ___________________
Domain Archaea
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- microbial diversity habitat variety ___________________
_________________________________________________________
metabolize highly unique substances integral to many
___________________ cycles nutrient fixing into organic molecules
in situ PCR >billions of bacteria/gm of soil 30-50% of aquatic
plankton are Archaea 5000 non-eukaryotic formally described (cf.
1/2 million insects)
- Slide 19
- Chapter 11 Learning Objectives 1.What are the general
characteristics shared by all prokaryotes? 2.In general, what can
be said about the habitats of Archaea? 3.What roles do prokaryotes
play in the environment? Where do they live, what do they
contribute to the biosphere? 4.What has in situ PCR told us about
microbial diversity?