Chapter Three

Individual Differences.

Individual Differences: The Contribution of Psychology.

Understanding variations in personality

and intelligence.

Predicting behaviour in the workplace.

Aligning personality, intellectual ability

and work.

Personality and Performance

Individual Personalities Display Traits

Uniqueness Consistency

Idiographic Description

Nomethetic Description

Personality Factors: the Nomothetic Perspective

Factor Analysis

Collection of Data

Identify Correlation Coefficients

Construct a Correlation Matrix

Personalities: The ‘Five Factor’ Taxonomy.

Extroversion-Introversion

Neuroticism-Stability

Conscientious-Expedient

Open to Experience-Closed to Experience

Agreeable-Hostile

Freud and the Dynamics of Personality

Super-Ego

ID

EGO

GratificationMoral Values

Reality (Defence Mechanisms & Fixations)

Freud: Personality, Validity and Learning.

Freud: helps us to explain irrational behaviour - defending egos, dealing with authority.

Critique:Is Freud’s theory testable? Does it re-enforce gender

inequality? What about the impact of social learning

on personality development?

Conceptions of Intelligence.

Why is intelligence testing controversial?

How do explicit theories isolate and measure aspects of intelligence?

The ‘G’ Factor: analysing the structure of intellect is a technical question?

Intelligence and the Workplace

Will a highly intelligent individual be a highly effective manager?

Does intelligence require experience in order to be applied appropriately?

Can routine work inhibit intelligence? What impact do organisational variables

have on personality and intelligence?