THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

Chapter 9

AMERICA SEEKS REFORMS IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

LOBBYING - INFLUENCING DECISIONS MADE BY GOVERNMENT FOR THE BENEFIT OF ITS CITIZENS USUALLY ON BEHALF OF A SPECIAL INTEREST

ANTI-TRUST - OPPOSING OR INTENDED TO RESTRAIN TRUSTS, MONOPOLIES, OR OTHER LARGE COMBINATIONS OF BUSINESS AND CAPITAL TO MAINTAIN AND PROMOTE COMPETITION.

Academic Vocabulary

Petition - A formal written document requesting a right or benefit from a person or group in authority.

Section 1

The Origins of Progressivism

Warm up – top of pg. 9 R

What does progressive mean?

Why were people pushing so hard for these progressive reforms?

Melton Money – define lobbying, petition, and anti-trust – show me the correct

definitions Wednesday

ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM

As America entered into the 20th century, middle class reformers addressed many social problems

Work conditions, rights for women and children, economic reform, environmental issues and social welfare were a few of these issues

Goal #1 Protecting Social Welfare

Social Welfare - Industrialization was largely unregulated

Factory workers - bad conditions

Workers in a candle factory

PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE

Employers - no responsibility for workers

Settlement homes and churches helped community

Goal #2 Moral Improvement

Moral Improvement key to fixing all of the

problems in society Prohibition

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Anti- Saloon League women

Why were women anti-alcohol?

Carrie Nation – walked into bars and smashed bottles with her ax

Goal #3 Economic Reform

Economic reform Uneven balance of

wealth Workers Business owners Government

No competition in business, monopolies Standard Oil Carnegie Steel

The Biltmore Mansion- Asheville NCHome of the Vanderbilt’s

MUCKRAKERS CRITICIZE BIG BUSINESS

“Muckrakers” – journalists, exposed corruption in business

Ida Tarbell - Standard Oil –monopoly

Ida Tarbell

Some view Michael Moore as a modern muckraker

Goal #4 - Fostering efficiency

Society and workplaceLouis Brandeis

Believed that long working hours did not benefit anyone

“Taylorism” More efficient production

Scientific Management

scientific principles - increase efficiency in the workplace

Assembly linehttp://www.history.com/shows/america-the-

story-of-us/videos/playlists/exclusive-video#henry-ford-and-the-model-t

The Four Goals of Progressivism

Create the chart on pg.6L of your notebook

You can take up the whole page

Decide which goal each progressive example would go under

Cut out and glue next to the correct example

The Four Goals of Progressivism

1. Protecting Social Welfare

2. Moral Improvement

3. Economic Reform

4. Fostering Efficiency

CLEANING UP LOCAL GOVERNMENT

desire to make gov. more efficient and responsive to citizens

Some also meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments

REGULATING BIG BUSINESSUnder the

progressive Republican leadership of Robert La Follette, Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business

Robert La Follette

PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN

More child workers, more accidents= reformers against child labor

limited or banned by 1918 in most of U.S.

EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS

S. C., states – more reducing women’s hours

worker’s compensation to aid families of injured workers

ELECTION REFORM

Citizens fought for, and won, such measures as secret ballots, referendum votes, and the recall

Citizens could petition and get initiatives on the ballot

In 1899, Minnesota passed the first statewide primary system

DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORSBefore 1913, each

state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators

To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators

As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)

Section 2

Women in Public Life

Working Women

1 in 5 had a job Factories Domestic workers

Maids, Nanny work, cooks

Significantly underpaidLower class women had no

option… they had to work

Women and Reform

Poor conditions, pay, and hours push them to make change

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire hundreds die

Social Clubs Often turned into

reform sessions

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Women and Reform

Goals: Higher Education Suffrage

Susan B Anthony NAWSA

National AmericanWomen’s Suffrage Assoc.

NACW National Association of

Colored Women

Section 3

Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal

How he came to office

McKinley was PresidentHe was shot and later died

Roosevelt took over as President

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

believed the president should take a more active role in society

used presidency as a “Bully Pulpit”

Teddy’s Goals

Progressive Reforms – Square DealBig Business- Trust bustingRail Road RegulationHealthEnvironment

Big Business

He did not think all trusts were bad

What he did: Curb the action of

existing trusts Filed against trusts (44

total) Sherman Anti Trust

Act

However, mergers continued…

Rail Road Regulation

He wanted federal regulation of the RRPassed many acts to build on the Interstate

Commerce Commission Elkins Act Hepburn Act

This gave the government more power to intervene.

Health

Meat packing industry Upton Sinclair’s

The Jungle – exposed meat packing industry’s tactics

Meat Inspection Act – new requirement for meat packers, created meat inspection program

Pure Food and Drug Act – stopped sale of contaminated foods and medicines, called for truth in labeling

Environment

ConservationProtection of

Natural ResourcesHe hated the view

that our resources were endless

Est. of parks and wildlife areas

because he refused to shoot a bear cub the “Teddy Bear” is created in his honor

Roosevelt and Civil Rights

This was not a big issue of concern for himHe did a few things for PR purposes

Booker T Washington for dinner

This is the time of segregationNAACP is founded

Section 4

Progressivism Under Taft

Taft as President

RepublicanTeddy Roosevelt picked

him to run in 1908Very cautious,

moderate agendaHe danced around

issues, unlike Teddy

The Republican Party Splits

The Old guys - ConservativesThe New progressives

Same party- different ideas This causes the split

People are mad Living is costing too much Conservation issues

Bull Moose Forms

Very progressive Suffrage 8 hour work day No child labor Referendum and

recall

Election of 1912

Democrats Woodrow Wilson

Progressives Teddy Roosevelt

Republicans William H. Taft

Socialists Eugene V Debbs

Election of 1912

Democrats win Largely because the

Republicans were split

People wanted reform Taft did not get

many votes

Section 5

Wilson’s New Freedom

Wilson

Progressive IdealsSouthern background

He was not progressive in the civil rights category

Suffrage Supporter

Financial Reforms Clayton Anti Trust Federal Trade Comm. –

business watch-dog agency

Wilson

Tariffs Lower

Income Tax Graduated tax system

Federal Reserve Was an attempt to

eliminate private banksLed to a strengthening

economy

“Wilson Primes the Pump”

Women & Suffrage

Carrie Chapman Catt –led NAWSA and national effort

Emmeline Pankhurst

Finally women get the vote 1919 19th amendment