Skin: disorders & diseases

Dermatologist V. Estheticians

-Estheticians’ work provides great benefits (important to identify to protect from getting something contagious)

BUT

leave diagnosis/treatment to dermatologists(esp. if severe)

Lesion

any mark, symptom, or abnormality -structural change in tissue -caused by damage or injury -very general term

3 types:primary, secondary, tertiary

primary

l

Lesions

BullaCyst

MaculePapulePustule

TubercleTumor

VesiclesWheal

*9 types

Primary: Bulladef: large blister w/ fluid

Bulla=Big Blister

Primary: Vesicledef: small blister w/ fluid

poison ivy

vesicle is a small enclosure

vesicle=small blister

Primary: CyStclosed, abnormally developed sac

above or below skin

Primary: Maculediscoloration

flat

Macule has freckles

any discoloration that is flat=macule

Primary: Papulepimple

no fluidmay develop pus

Papule

Primary: Pustuleinflamed pimple

=inflamed papule

WITHpus (white/yellow center)

*fluid contains bacteria, debris from infection

PUSTULE

about to BUST

Primary: tuberclerounded, solid lump

abnormallarger than papule

Primary: tumorabnormal cell mass

because cells abnormally multiply

tumors

Primary: wheal(aka welt)

itchy, swollencause: allergy, insect bite

Wheal

secondary

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Lesionsdevelop in later stages of disease

CrustExcoriation

FissureKeloidScaleScarUlcer

*7 types

secondarY: CRUSTdead cells

over wound/blemish while healing

ex: scab

CRUST(scab)

secondarY: Excoriationsore/abrasionby scratching/scraping

ex: acne excoriee (client scrapes off acne)

excoriation

acne excoriee

secondarY: Fissurecrack in skin

goes deeper than outside layer of skin (dermis)

ex: chapped lips, hands

Fissurechapped or very dry

Fissure=crack

secondarY: keloidthick scar

excessive growth of callagen after injury

Keloids

secondarY: scaleflaky skin cells

on dermisdry or oily

ex: dandruff

scales

secondarY: scarforms after lesion/injury heals

light coloredtissue hardens

scar

secondarY: ulceropen lesionloss of skin depth,

from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

Ulcer

sebaceous glandsexcrete OIL

sebaceous glandsDisorders

AcneAsteatosisComedoneFuruncle

MiliaRosacea

Sebaceous hyperplasiasSeborrheaStreatoma

oil(sebaceous)Gland: ACNEchronic

inflammation of oil glands

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

oil(sebaceous)Gland: Asteatosisdry, scaly skin

lack of sebum(oily substance)

causes: harsh soaps, cold exposure, aging, etc.

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

oil(sebaceous)Gland: comedoneblackhead

skin cells & hardened oil clogging pore

dark b/c exposed to oxygenfrom infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

oil(sebaceous)Gland: furuncleboil

subcutaneous(under dermis)filled with pus

caused by bacteria from hair follicles

mouth, stomach, etc.ca

they really hurt!

whiteheadsoil & dead cells under skin

more common with dry skinfrom infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

oil(sebaceous)Gland: milia

oil(sebaceous)Gland: rosaceachronic redness

on cheeks and noseaggravated by heat, alcohol, stress, sun, caffeine

mouth, stomach, etc.

rosacea

oil(sebaceous)Gland: sebaceous h Hyperplasias

overgrowth of sebaceous glandbenign lesions

oily areasonly surgically removed

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

Hyper=?Very/over (ex: hyperactive)

Plasia=?growth

Subaceous Hyperplasia=oil gland overgrowth!

oil(sebaceous)Gland: seborrheasevere oiliness

ending -”orrhea”=flow or discharge

therefore: seborrhea=oil overflow!!!

oil(sebaceous)Gland: steatomaoil cyst (sebaceous cyst)

size: pea to orange

appears on scalp, neck, backfrom infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

sudoriferous glandsexcrete SWEAT

sudoriferous glandsDisorders

AnhidrosisBromhidrosisHyperhidrosisMilaria rubra

sweat(sudoriferous)Gland: Anhidrosis

deficiency in perspirationbecause of fever or skin disease

required medical treatment

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

An=?not or without

Hidrosis=?sweating

Anhidrosis=without sweat

sweat Gland: bromhidrosis

bad smelling perspiration

armpits or feet

brom=odor

hidrosis=?

Bromhidrosis=foul-smelling sweat (odor sweat)

sweat(sudoriferous)Gland: hyperhidrosis

over-sweating

becuase of heat or body weakness

hyper=over/too much

hyperhidrosis=over sweating

sweat Gland: Milaria Rubra

inflammation of sweat glands=heat(sweat) rash!

itching, burning skin from excessive heat exposure

red vesicles(blisters) erupt

heat rash=miliaria rubra

inflammations of the skin

Atopic dermatitiscontact dermatitis

dermatitiseczema

what is dermatitis?skin inflammation

could bea lesion, pimple, blister

=lesion, papule, vesicle or bulla

“itis”=inflammationderma=skin

atopic dermatitis

chronically relapsing for personcommon in people with allergies

reacts to environment(chemicals in food, air, etc.)

not contagioustype of eczema

type of Eczema

contact dermatitisallergic reaction to substance/chemical

by “contact” with allergen *wear gloves

ring example

contactdermatitis

Edema=swellingfluid beneath skin

Edema

Erythemaredness caused by inflammation

“ery”=a condition/state of

Herpes simplexfever blisters or cold sores

virus

contagiousvesicles on lips

perioral dermatitisacne around the mouth

not contagious, antibiotics may help

psoriasisred patched with white scales

scalp, elbows, knees, chest, back

Pigmentation disorders-----------------------------------------------------------------------

----hyper=too muchhypo=too little

increased pigmentationliver spots

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hyperpigmentation disorders: Chloasma

hyperpigmentation disorders:

Lentigenes

frecklesmay be because of sun exposure

macules

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hyperpigmentation disorders: MELASMA

TERM FOR HYPERPIGMENTATION

pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hyperpigmentation disorders:

Nevus

birthmark or moleabnormal pigmentation

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hyperpigmentation disorders: stain

Discolorationoccur after certain diseases or

after freckles, moles, etc disappear

pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hyperpigmentation disorders: Tan

caused by exposure to sunmelanin production

defense against UV rays

pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hypopigmentation

hypopigmentation disorders:

leukoderma

light, abnormal patchesdisease that destroys pigment-producing cells

ex: albinism, vitiligo

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hypopigmentation disorders: albinismlack of melanin pigment

in skin, hair, eyesgenetic

very sensitive to light

pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

hypopigmentation disorders: vitiligowhite spots/light colored areas of skin

b/c of lack of pigmentworsened by sunlight

pregnancy mask=tan b/c of hormone changes

characterized by blemishes/comedones(blackheads)from infection or cancer

mouth, stomach, etc.

Hypertrophies=abnormal growths

Keratomathickened skin (epidermis)

ex: callus

keratosesthick buildup of cells

keratosis pilarisbumpiness b/c of blocked follicles

exfoliation can help

Molebrownish spot

don’t remove hairs in moles

skin tagsmall over-growth

common on arms & neck

verrucawart

caused by virusinfectious, contagious

skin cancer----------------------------------------

skin cancer:cause: sun exposure

3 forms

basal cell carcinomamost basic, least severe

light, pearly nodes

squamous cell carcinomamore serious

scaly red growths

malignant melanomamost serious

black/dark patches, uneven texture

contagious diseases

conjunctivitispink eye-bacterial

herpes (simplex)virus

-never work on client if they have current lesions

impetigobaterial infection

small blisters/crusty lesionsvery contagious

tinea=fungal infection

tinea corporisringworm

very contagious

tinea versicoloryeast infection

verruca=wart

quick stats-80% of sun exposure you get before 18 yrs.

-1 person/hr dies of skin cancer in US

-skin cancer kills more women in late 20’s/early 30’s than breast cancer

-most parents do not correctly use sunscreen on children (93%)

-33% of adolescents never use sun screen

acne------------------

acne -primary concern of many clients

-triggered by hormonal changes

-disorder of sebaceous glands

causes clogged pores

bacteria

cosmetic products

triggers(hormones, foods, stress)

4 classes of acne1-least severe4-most severe

yay chapter 9!suggestions:

go over slides a few more timesmake flash cards with difficult terms & definitions

read book to help with hard topicslook at pictures of skin disorders on internet to help