Post on 04-Jan-2016
Chapter 8: Sampling, Standardization & Calibration
CHE 321: Quantitative Chemical AnalysisDr. Jerome Williams, Ph.D.
Saint Leo University
Overview
• Standardization & Calibration• Sensitivity & Detection Limits
Standardization & Calibration
• Calibration determines relationship between analyte response & analyte concentration.
– Accomplished using chemical standards.
Standardization & Calibration
• Comparison with Standards
– Direct comparison (Colorimeters & Titrations)
– External Standard Calibration (Least Squares Method)
Figure 8-9 p172
Figure 8-10 p172
Table 8-1 p175
Table 8-2 p177
Table 8-3 p178
Fig 8-9, p.195
Standardization & Calibration
• Errors in External Standard Calibration
– Blanks are used to correct for many calibration errors.
– Ideal blank contains everything except the analyte.– Solvent blank or reagent blank more practical.
Standardization & Calibration
• Minimizing Errors in Analytical Procedures
– Multivariate Calibration– Saturation, Matrix Modification, & Masking– Internal Standard Methods– Standard Addition Methods
Sensitivity & Detection Limits
• Be familiar with the following terms
– Analytical & Calibration Sensitivity– Detection Limit– Linear Dynamic Range– Control Chart (including UCL, LCL)– Statistical Control– Validation & GLP
Figure 8-14 p187
Figure 8-15 p189
p189
p189
Figure 8-16 p190
Suggested Problems
• HW Set 7: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.17, 8.26